3Cr2W8v钢超细化的研究

通过快速加热循环淬火法对3 Cr 2 W8V钢进行了一系列相变超细化的试验,证明该钢经900～1100℃快速加热循环淬火2次以上即有明显细化晶粒的效果,可使其热轧退火态下的11级晶粒度细化到14级以上;其中通过1000℃快速加热2～3次可使晶粒度细化到15级以上.在快速加热循环淬火之前,增加一次1100～1160℃的固溶处理,还可使钢中的碳化物进一步得到细化.但固溶处理的温度接近或超过1200℃时,则会引起钢的晶粒显著粗化,而对随后的循环淬火组织产生遗传性.经过2次快速加热循环淬火,而后再经正常淬火回火后,钢的强度极限可有显著提高,而冲击韧性毫不降低.     

深冷处理对Cr12钢力学性能的影响

本文对Ｃｒ１２钢深冷处理后力学性能变化做了研究，试验结果表明．深冷处理可以不同程度地提高Ｃｒ１２钢的硬度与耐磨性．而Ｃｒ１２钢淬火回火后再进行深冷处理可使冲击韧性提高．同时，淬火加热温度对深冷处理效果亦会产生影响．     

GCr15钢组织细化工艺的分析研究

本文概述了GCr15钢强韧化研究的现状,分析了影响高碳钢韧性的诸因素。指出:奥氏体晶粒大小、碳化物尺寸及马氏体中含碳量是主要控制因素。为了探索新的双细化途径,本试验采用高温固溶空冷珠光体作为预处理组织,淬火后可以得到奥氏体晶粒度为ASTM11～13级,碳化物尺寸细化到0.4μ以下。文中还对GCr15钢的常规淬火温度作了试验探讨,采用815℃的较低温度淬火可以降低马氏体中含碳量,并使奥氏体及碳化物尺寸得到一定程度的细化。     

一种提高GCr15钢冷冲模具使用寿命的新工艺

1前 言 我们根据GCr15钢冷冲模具的服役条件,进行了GCr15钢高温固溶和循环加热淬火双细化工艺试验,分析对比了不同的工艺参数及热处理效果,并在生产中进行了验证。2 试验材料及方法2.1试验用钢及冶金质量 试验用GCr15钢化的化学成分如表1,冶金质量见表2,原始组织为球化退火组织。表1 试验用钢的化学成分化学元素CCrSiMnSP含量（%）1.041.620.240.280.0040.009表2 冶金质量检查球状珠光体碳化物不均匀性非金属夹杂物网状带状氧化物硫化物点状2级<2级<2级1级1.5级1级2.2热处理工艺2.2.1工艺A: 预处理是将φ16×15mm试样加热至104…     

LM_2钢恒温超塑性及其显微组织的变化

LM_2钢经1050℃快速加热淬火后,基体晶粒尺寸可细化至4.2μm 以下,碳化物平均截线长小于0.32μm。处理后的钢在830～850℃,■=(1.0～2.3)×10~(-2)min~(-1)变形时均可获得较好的超塑性,其最大延伸率为183%,而流变应力仅55.2MPa。在超塑变形中,碳化物长大倾向比单纯温度作用下要大,但不明显。由于该铜原始组织中存在一定数量的一次碳化物,直接影响其超塑性的较好发挥。     

CrWMn钢的恒温超塑性

CrWMn钢经循环加热淬火超细化处理后,在710～730℃,拉伸夹头速率为0.2-0.8mm/min变形时均可获得极佳的超塑性,其最大延伸率达816%,而流变应力仅为2.75kgf/mm~2.利用lgσ-lgε曲线斜率法测得其应变速率敏感性指数-m值为0.4左右.     

轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质钢力学性能的影响

通过采用不同的轧制和冷却工艺并进行再加热淬火和回火处理，分析各状态下的组织和力学性能以及不同轧态组织的再加热奥氏体化进程，研究了轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质高强钢力学性能的影响规律.结果表明，控制轧制能够增加轧态组织的原奥氏体晶界面积，提高再加热奥氏体形核率，得到较细化的再加热淬火组织，并且能够提高回火后的强韧性能.实验钢轧后连续水冷条件下得到马氏体组织，而空冷条件下得到的粒状贝氏体组织内碳元素分布不均匀，有利于提高再加热淬火回火后的强度.实验钢在控制轧制中断冷却工艺下能获得最佳的调质态力学性能.     

奥氏体化温度对钢中马氏体组织形态的影响

用光学显微术研究了奥氏体化温度对３０、４０、６０、Ｔ８、Ｔ１２钢马氏体组织形态的影响。结果表明，奥氏体化温度越高，获得板条马氏体的量越多，奥氏体化温度超过某个临界值时，中高碳钢均可获得全部板条马氏体组织。钢的含碳量越高，获得全部板条马氏体的临界奥氏体温度越高。在该温度以下淬火时，３０、４０、６０钢先形成板条马氏体，后形成片状马氏体；Ｔ８、Ｔ１２钢先形成片状马氏体，后形成板条马氏体     

瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢的组织演变规律

为了探究瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢组织的演变规律,在热模拟机上对Q195和CR340试样进行了瞬时淬火处理.结果表明,瞬时淬火工艺初期得到马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+未溶渗碳体的复杂混合组织;保温足够时间后,未溶渗碳体逐渐溶解使奥氏体平均碳浓度升高,奥氏体晶粒内碳浓度梯度减小,从而增加组织中马氏体相对量,最终得到全部板条马氏体组织.瞬时淬火工艺与传统淬火工艺相比可明显细化试验钢晶粒尺寸,提高升温速率对试验钢晶粒细化作用更明显.     

热处理工艺对16Mn钢性能的影响

本文用力学性能试验，金相分析，断口分析等方法探讨了一次淬火，亚温淬火，高温循环淬火等多种热处理工艺对１６Ｍｎ钢低温韧性的影响，试验结果表明：高温循环淬火＋高温回火工艺具有最佳的韧化效果，其次为亚温淬火＋高温回火，再次为调质。据此提出了该钢用于低温的可能性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of