The inability of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia to oxidize bile salt hydroxyl groups.

In a survey of the intracellular bile salt oxidoreductase activity in fecal bacteria, 16 strains of nuclear dehydrogenating clostridia and 2 strains of non-nuclear dehydrogenating C. paraputrificum were demonstrated unable to oxidize cholate at any of the 3 OH groups. Since nuclear dehydrogenation at the delta-1 and delta-4 position requires a 3-oxo precursor steroid, it appears that these organisms require the presence of a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenating organism for nuclear dehydrogenation.     

Loss of the ability to oxidize hydrocarbons in protoplasts ofCandida lipolytica

Zusammenfassung Aus den Zellen der HefeCandida lipolytica wurden Protoplasten gewonnen, die die Oxydationsfähigkeit gegenüber Hexadekan verloren haben, während diejenige gegenüber Glukose erhalten geblieben ist. Der Verlust der Fähigkeit, den Kohlenwasserstoff zu oxydieren, wird entweder durch eine Veränderung der Oberfläche der zytoplasmatischen Membran und Destruktion des an sie gebundenen Oxydationsenzyms erklärt oder dadurch, dass die Protoplasten die Fähigkeit verloren haben, Kohlenwasserstoffe in die Zelle zu transportieren.     

Exchange of tritium from randomly tritiated taurocholate by microbial bile salt oxidoreductases

Summary Tritium distribution on randomly labelled taurocholate (TC) was estimated at 28%, 4%, 1% and <0.5% on the hydrogens opposite the 3-, 7- and 12-OH groups and taurine moiety respectively. Anomalously,C. perfringens 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HSDH) catalyzed tritium loss of 36% on formation of 7-, 12-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-cholanoate, implying additional losses of tritium at other sites by this enzyme.This work is supported by the National Cancer Institute.     

Exchange of tritium from randomly tritiated taurocholate by microbial bile salt oxidoreductases.

Tritium distribution on randomly labelled taurocholate (TC) was estimated at 28%, 4%, 1% and less than 0.5% on the hydrogens opposite the 3alpha-, 7alpha- and 12alpha-OH groups and taurine moiety respectively. Anomalously, C. perfringens 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSDH) catalyzed tritium loss of 36% on formation of 7alpha-, 12alpha-dihydroxy-3-keto-5beta-cholanoate, implying additional losses of tritium at other sites by this enzyme.     

Reconsideration of a test for dopaminergic stimulation: inability of apomorphine to induce mouse jumping

Apomorphine was administered parenterally to mice in an unsuccessful attempt to induce amphetamine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-like elicited jumping. The efficacy of jumping behavior as an indicator of dopaminergic overstimulation is criticized in light of the results.     

Intraluminal bile salt increases rate of firing in afferent fibers from the small intestine of the rat

Summary Perfusion of a rat intestinal segment with a solution containing sodium deoxycholate (8 mM) increases the rate of firing in periarterial afferent nerves from the gut. This observation indirectly supports our earlier proposal that bile salt evokes a net fluid secretion in the small intestine via an activation of the enteric nervous system.This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (2855), The Medical Council of Swedish Life Insurance Companies and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Göteborg.     

Intraluminal bile salt increases rate of firing in afferent fibers from the small intestine of the rat

Perfusion of a rat intestinal segment with a solution containing sodium deoxycholate (8 mM) increases the rate of firing in periarterial afferent nerves from the gut. This observation indirectly supports our earlier proposal that bile salt evokes a net fluid secretion in the small intestine via an activation of the enteric nervous system.     

The location of the ring C hydroxyl group in fusidic acid

Zusammenfassung Durch Herstellung der zwei Verbindungen IX und XI wurde erwiesen, dass die Hydroxylgruppe im Ring C der Fusidinsäure an C₁₁ haften muss. Daraus sowie aus früheren Experimenten¹ lässt sich für die Fusidinsäure die revidierte Konstitutionsformel XII ableiten.     

The amino acid composition of rat bile

Summary The pattern of amino acids in the bile of rats differs from the pattern in the serum of these animals, since bile contains significantly greater amounts of acidic and sulphur-containing amino acids and glycine than serum, while the serum contained more basic amino acids than bile, indicating that secretion of amino acids into bile may involve specific transport processes.Acknowledgments. We thank Mr M. Earlam of Pharmaceuticals Division, Imperial Chemical Industries Limited for the aminoacid analyses, and Dr J. S. Morley for helpful discussion. URF gratefully acknowledges a grant (FO 73/2) from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Fed. Rep. of Germany. KGW is recipient of a grant from the Scottish Hospital Research Endowments Trust.     

Addition of sulphydryl groups to biliverdin

Summary Sulphydryl groups add to the central methine bridge of biliverdin in organic solvents as well as in aqueous solution (pH 7.4). The addition reaction is favoured by albumin but reversed in acid media.     

The transport capacity for bilirubin in rat liver and its relation to bile flow

Résumé La capacité de transport de la bilirubine dans le foie de rat a été mesurée par différents auteurs. Dans nos expériments leT _m était variable selon les conditions expérimentales. En stabilisant la température à 38 C pendant les 10 h qui suivent l'opération, le T_m s'avère 50% plus élevé que les valeurs données dans la littérature. En plus la valeur du T_m était étroitement correlée au débit biliaire.     

The N-terminal groups of glutamic aspartic transaminase

Riassunto Su una preparazione altamente purificata di glutammico aspartico transaminasi del cuore di porco sono stati determinati i gruppi N-terminali con il metodo diSanger. È stata dimostrata la presenza di una mole di alanina N-terminale per 58 000 g di proteina, cioè per una mole di coenzima. La transaminasi risulterebbe pertanto costituita da due catene polipeptidiche.     

Photoaddition of sulphydryl groups to bilirubin in vitro

Riassunto Viene descritta l'addizione fotochimica dei tioli al doppio legameeso della bilirubina. Si prospetta l'ipotesi che una reazione di questo tipo sia responsabile della rapida riduzione della bilirubinemia nei neonati itterici sottoposti a fototerapia.     

Insensitivity to external hydroxyl ions of Na efflux from the toad oocyte into K-free ringer

Zusammenfassung An einzelnen Oozyten vonBufo bufo wird gezeigt, dass der Natriumtransport in kaliumfreier Ringerlösung gegenüber einer Zunahme des äusseren pH relativ intensiv ist.     

Different salt concentration requirement of nuclear and cytoplasmic Mn++-stimulated poly(A) synthetase activities from rat liver

Summary Mn⁺⁺-stimulated poly(A) synthetase activity of dialyzed ammonium sulfate fraction (0–50% saturation) of nuclear extracts from rat liver is dependent on salt addition to the incubation mixture. The corresponding soluble cytoplasmic activity is inhibited by the salt concentration required for nuclear activity.