PI/TiO2纳米复合膜的H2/CH4和H2/N2分离性能

以可溶性聚酰亚胺为基质 ,经乙酸修饰后的钛酸丁酯为TiO2 溶胶前体 ,NMP为共溶剂 ,采用溶胶凝胶法可制得PI/TiO2 纳米复合膜。采用XPS、TEM和气体透气性能测试等手段 ,对复合膜的结构和H2 分离性能进行了表征。结果表明 ,复合膜中钛酸丁酯已转化为TiO2 ,PI与TiO2 两相结合完好。TiO2 以颗粒状均匀分布在PI基质中 ,其颗粒粒径约为 1 0nm。复合膜的H2 ,N2 和CH4 透气系数随着TiO2 含量的增加而明显增加。当TiO2 含量为2 2 3 %时 ,对H2 的透气系数为 1 4 .1Barrer,对H2 /N2 和H2 /CH4 的分离系数分别为 1 87.5和 1 4 3 .2 ,因此 ,该复合膜是一种较为理想的H2 分离和回收膜材料     

Excitatory amino acids inhibit stimulation of phosphatidylinositol metabolism by aminergic agonists in hippocampus

Since the initial observations in the 1950s a large number of neurotransmitters and hormones have been shown to influence phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolism in brain and peripheral ganglia (see ref. 3 for review). This has led to the suggestion that PI is part of an intracellular second messenger system for some types of diffusible chemical factors. Consistent with this are recent reports that one of the products of PI turnover (diacylglycerol) stimulates the Ca-dependent phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (kinase C) while a second (inositol trisphosphate) causes the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Thus it is possible that at least some brain neurotransmitters utilize the PI system to produce functional effects that are in addition to and which outlast the very brief physiological responses they elicit. Although it had been anticipated that another class of receptors might inhibit receptor-mediated stimulation of PI breakdown, no clear examples of such effects have been described. We now report that acidic amino acids, which are that acidic amino acids, which are thought to be excitatory neurotransmitters at the majority of brain synapses, strongly inhibit the stimulation of PI metabolism elicited by carbachol, histamine, or by potassium-induced depolarization, without changing the response to noradrenaline. As well as indicating a novel function for the excitatory amino acids, these results suggest that the central nervous system possesses cell-cell interactions of a previously unsuspected type.     

双偶氮苯聚合物(PGMA-DO13)合成及其光学性能研究

偶氮苯侧链聚合物作为一类典型分子光开关、高容量数据存贮、非线性光学以及太阳能电池等材料得到广泛研究.文章合成了4-苯基偶氮-1-萘胺(DO7)、4-[4-(苯基偶氮基)-1-萘基偶氮基]-p-苯酚(DO13)及聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚(PGMA)与上述双偶氮(DO13)的共聚物(PGMA -DO13);利用元素、核磁共振...     

A common sequence of calcium and pH signals in the mitogenic stimulation of eukaryotic cells

When normal quiescent (G0) cells are stimulated by mitogens to enter the cell cycle, the metabolic derepression which occurs is similar in a variety of cells. The mechanisms initiating these responses and their relationship to subsequent progression through G1 to DNA synthesis in S phase, however, are generally undefined. The clearest evidence has been obtained in sea urchin eggs, where fertilization by sperm causes a rapid, transient increase in the concentration of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ [(Ca]i), followed by a sustained increase in cytoplasmic pH (pHi). It has been demonstrated clearly that these ionic responses are obligatory for progression to DNA synthesis by the normal pathway after fertilization, although the Ca2+ signal can be bypassed by parthenogenetic agents which elevate directly pHi (for example, NH+4 ions). These observations raise the questions of whether other eukaryotic cells show the same sequence of ionic responses when stimulated by mitogens and whether such signals are an obligatory component of their mitogenic pathways. We show here that a common sequence of [Ca]i and pHi responses occurs in both quiescent mouse thymocytes and Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts stimulated by appropriate mitogens. Furthermore, 'opportunistic' mitogens (those that do not act on the cells in vivo, such as concanavalin A (Con A), the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate CTPA] that are mitogenic for both mouse thymocytes and 3T3 fibroblast, each produce characteristic ionic responses that are the same in both types of cell.     

Structure of a protein determined by solid-state magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy

The determination of a representative set of protein structures is a chief aim in structural genomics. Solid-state NMR may have a crucial role in structural investigations of those proteins that do not easily form crystals or are not accessible to solution NMR, such as amyloid systems or membrane proteins. Here we present a protein structure determined by solid-state magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR. Almost complete (13)C and (15)N resonance assignments for a micro-crystalline preparation of the alpha-spectrin Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain formed the basis for the extraction of a set of distance restraints. These restraints were derived from proton-driven spin diffusion (PDSD) spectra of biosynthetically site-directed, labelled samples obtained from bacteria grown using [1,3-(13)C]glycerol or [2-(13)C]glycerol as carbon sources. This allowed the observation of long-range distance correlations up to approximately 7 A. The calculated global fold of the alpha-spectrin SH3 domain is based on 286 inter-residue (13)C-(13)C and six (15)N-(15)N restraints, all self-consistently obtained by solid-state MAS NMR. This MAS NMR procedure should be widely applicable to small membrane proteins that can be expressed in bacteria.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 7-benzylamino-4,5-dihydro-［1,2,4］triazolo［4,3-a］quinolines

A series of 7-substituted-benzylamino-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity.The subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole test(sc-PTZ)demonstrated that the most effective compound in controlling the sc-PTZ induced seizure was 7-(3-bromine-benzylamino)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline(4j)with an ED50 of 5.0 mg/kg and the PI of 20.7,which was also safer than the reference drugs.And the maximal electroshock test(MES)demonstrated that among these derivatives,7-(3-fluorobenzylamino)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]trizolo[4,3-a]quinoline(4i),with an ED50 of 15.3 mg/kg and the PI of 7.2,was the safest in MES test.Furthermore,their neurotoxicities were measured by the rotarod neurotoxicity test,and the results showed that all derivatives possessed lower neurotoxicity.     

MTMP熔融态光聚合反应动力学研究

以可聚合型受阻胺哌啶醇衍生物 4- (甲基丙烯酰氧基 ) - 2 ,2 ,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯( MTMP)作为单体 ,利用光差动热分析法 ( DPC)系统地研究了 MTMP的光聚合反应活性和反应动力学规律 .结果表明 :反应条件如光引发剂的种类及浓度、聚合温度、气氛和辐照光强等对 MTMP光聚合动力学有显著的影响 ;在反应初期 MTMP光聚合速率同引发剂浓度和辐照光强的平方根成正比 ,这一规律与光引发自由基聚合的动力学理论相吻合 ;利用稳态法和非稳态相结合的方法测定了光聚合过程的动力学常数 ( kp 和 kt) .随着转化率的增加 ,MTMP的链增长速率 ( kp)和链终止速率 ( kt)均呈现增加态势 ,但 kp 增加的幅度大于 kt     

Angiogenesis selectively requires the p110alpha isoform of PI3K to control endothelial cell migration

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) signal downstream of multiple cell-surface receptor types. Class IA PI3K isoforms couple to tyrosine kinases and consist of a p110 catalytic subunit (p110alpha, p110beta or p110delta), constitutively bound to one of five distinct p85 regulatory subunits. PI3Ks have been implicated in angiogenesis, but little is known about potential selectivity among the PI3K isoforms and their mechanism of action in endothelial cells during angiogenesis in vivo. Here we show that only p110alpha activity is essential for vascular development. Ubiquitous or endothelial cell-specific inactivation of p110alpha led to embryonic lethality at mid-gestation because of severe defects in angiogenic sprouting and vascular remodelling. p110alpha exerts this critical endothelial cell-autonomous function by regulating endothelial cell migration through the small GTPase RhoA. p110alpha activity is particularly high in endothelial cells and preferentially induced by tyrosine kinase ligands (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A). In contrast, p110beta in endothelial cells signals downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands such as SDF-1alpha, whereas p110delta is expressed at low level and contributes only minimally to PI3K activity in endothelial cells. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for p110-isoform selectivity in endothelial PI3K signalling during angiogenesis.     

含有生物质纤维的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备及性能测试

聚酰亚胺(polyimides,PI)是以二酐或二胺合成的耐高温聚合物,因其耐高温性能强成为使用温度最高的工业化聚合物材料之一。针对目前PI薄膜在强度方面存在的断裂延伸率低、拉伸强度低等问题,通过调节聚合物的质量浓度、比例、加料方式、加入生物质纤维等方式制得了不同强度的聚酰亚胺薄膜。以4,4-二氨基二苯醚和3,3,4,4-联苯四甲酸二酐作为反应的前驱体,在交联剂的存在下,采用正加料法制备聚酰胺酸(polymer polyacrylic acid, PAA),将制备好的PAA放置在表面铺有均匀藕丝的培养皿中,加热使其亚胺化,制得聚酰亚胺薄膜。结果表明含有藕丝的聚酰亚胺薄膜的断后标距和弹性模量均低于未掺杂藕丝的薄膜,其中PI-2%藕丝断裂延伸率为6.49%,抗拉强度达67.33 MPa,最大力数据为57.47 N,远高于未掺杂藕丝薄膜力学数据。研究表明藕丝纤维的加入在一定程度上增强了薄膜的力学性能。     

有机电发光二聚体的合成研究

以1，4-二己氧基苯或1．4-二(2-乙基己氧基)苯和甲氧基取代的苯甲醛为原料，经三步反应合成了共轭二聚体2，5-二[1(Z）-1-氰基2-(邻或间-甲氧基苯基)乙烯基]1．4-二己氧基苯及2，5-二[1(Z)-1-氰基2-(邻或间-甲氧基苯基)乙烯基]-1，4-二(2-乙基己氧基)苯．经IR，^1HNMR，^13CNMR，MS和HRMS确定了这些化合物的结构．并通过荧光光谱测定了其发光效率。     

用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术监测府南河水质的研究

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对成都市府南河水质进行监测,测定各采样点水样的蚕豆根尖细胞微核千分率(MCN‰)及污染指数(PI),并进行F检验,结果表明:各样点MCN‰有显著性差异,13个样点中有7个采样点的PI在2以上,和对照组相比差异极显著(p<0.01),表明府南河水质受到不同程度的污染.     

纳米SiO2/PI复合薄膜低温热膨胀系数的实验研究

高热膨胀系数是聚酰亚胺薄膜在低温下作为热绝缘和电绝缘使用的主要不利因素之一.为了降低其热膨胀系数,选用低热膨胀系数的无机纳米SiO2对其进行改性,利用溶胶凝胶技术,制备了不同SiO2含量的纳米SiO2/PI复合薄膜.利用自行设计的一套薄膜样品低温热膨胀系数测量装置,对纳米SiO2/PI复合薄膜室温至低温(77 K)的热膨胀系数进行了测量,给出了SiO2含量、外加载荷对复合薄膜热膨胀系数的影响关系.     

Essential role for Gab2 in the allergic response.

Dos/Gab family scaffolding adapters (Dos, Gab1, Gab2) bind several signal relay molecules, including the protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp-2 and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K); they are also implicated in growth factor, cytokine and antigen receptor signal transduction. Mice lacking Gab1 die during embryogenesis and show defective responses to several stimuli. Here we report that Gab2-/- mice are viable and generally healthy; however, the response (for example, degranulation and cytokine gene expression) of Gab2-/- mast cells to stimulation of the high affinity immunoglobulin-epsilon (IgE) receptor Fc(epsilon)RI is defective. Accordingly, allergic reactions such as passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis are markedly impaired in Gab2-/- mice. Biochemical analyses reveal that signalling pathways dependent on PI(3)K, a critical component of Fc(epsilon)RI signalling, are defective in Gab2-/- mast cells. Our data identify Gab2 as the principal activator of PI(3)K in response to Fc(epsilon)RI activation, thereby providing genetic evidence that Dos/Gab family scaffolds regulate the PI(3)K pathway in vivo. Gab2 and/or its associated signalling molecules may be new targets for developing drugs to treat allergy.     

运动细胞初始极化阶段胞内信号分子双向积聚的分子机制及动态数值模拟

真核细胞（Eukaryotes）,如盘基网柄菌细胞（Dictyo stelium）和白细胞（Leukocyte）等,受到前方传来的外信号刺激后,胞内物质发生两种方向相反的运动：胞质中与质膜结合的磷酸激酶PI3K及其在质膜上的生成物磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸PI（3,4,5）P3以向前扩散的方式积聚到前沿;而胞质中与质膜结合的磷酸酶PTEN及其在质膜上的生成物磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-双磷酸PI（4,5）P2以向后扩散的方式积聚到质膜的后边.通过这种＂双向积聚＂,细胞形成头部和尾部,并在前沿生出伪足,完成初始极化.本文根据已知的实验,分析了＂双向积聚＂的分子机制,建立了相应的数学模型,通过数值模拟加以分析.以胞内被激活的小G蛋白（Rac）为触发信号,其梯度与外信号场的梯度一致;PI3K和PTEN作为调控因子,PI（3,4,5）P3和PI（4,5）P2作为标识细胞极化的信号分子,它们的浓度变化由一组耦合的非稳态二维反应-扩散方程描述.该反应-扩散体系源项中包含：PI（3,4,5）P3对PI3K,PI（4,5）P2对PTEN的识别和结合过程,是由蒙特-卡诺（Monte-Carlo）法处理;质膜结合态PI3K和PTEN对PI（3,4,5）P3和PI（4,5）P2施加的酶催化作用,由Michaelis-Menten动力学过程描述.反应-扩散方程组采用格子Boltzmann方法进行数值求解.数值试验显示,产生＂双向积聚＂的关键是受外信号梯度刺激后的胞内信号分子相互激发或抑制所形成的正反馈或负反馈回路：给细胞质膜头部一个较高的Rac激活率,Rac→PI3K？PI（3,4,5）P3将形成短程正反馈回路（亦即＂局部激励＂）,引起PI3K和PI（3,4,5）P3快速在细胞头部积聚;头部PI（3,4,5）P3增多,限制了PTEN与PI（4,5）P2结合,使得PI（3,4,5）P3？PTEN→PI（4,5）P2形成长程负反馈回路（亦即＂全局抑制＂）;引起PTEN和PI（4,5）P2慢慢在细胞尾部积聚.同时发现,PI3K和PTEN含量对细胞极化有明显的影响,并存在使细胞正确极化的最佳值.     

口服降糖药曲格列酮的核磁共振谱学表征

利用NMR,IR,UV及MS等实验技术研究了胰岛素增敏剂曲格列酮的波谱学特征.结合DEPT谱及1H-1H COSY 13C-1H HETCOSY,13C-1H LC-HETCOSY对曲格列酮的氢谱和碳谱进行完全归属.     

Half-sandwich rhodium polychalcogenide complexes and a carbon insertion into Te-Te bond

Treatment of CptRh(PMe3)Cl2(1) (Cpt = 5(- tBu2C5H3) with [Et4N]2Se6 in DMF solution leads to the formation of cyclo-tetraselenido half-sandwich rhodium complexes CptRh(PMe3)(Se4) (2). The elimination of 2 with excess of nBu3P results in cyclo-diselenido rhodium complex CptRh(PMe3)(Se2) (3). 1 reacts with [nBu4N]2Te5 in DMF solution to yield cyclo-ditellurido rhodium complex CptRh (PMe3)(Te2) (4) in which carbon atom from CH2Cl2 can be inserted into Te-Te bond to form CptRh(PMe3)(TeCH2Te) (5). The new complexes 2-5 have been characterized by their IR, EI-MS, and 1H, 13C, 31P, 103Rh NMR spectra as well as elemental analysis.     

Cyclic nucleotides control a system which regulates Ca2+ sensitivity of platelet secretion

Cellular responses to extracellular signals are mediated by changes in the intracellular concentrations of one or more second messengers. In platelets, inhibitory agonists increase intracellular cyclic-3',5'-AMP [( cyclic AMP]i (refs 2, 3] whereas excitatory agonists increase [Ca2+]i and/or [1,2-diacylglycerol]i (refs 4-9), and in some cases decrease [cyclic AMP]i (refs 10, 11). Both activation and inhibition of platelet responses have been attributed to an increase in [cyclic-3',5'-GMP]i (refs 8, 12). The activity of protein kinase C, which is associated with the platelet secretory response, is increased by both 1,2-diacylglycerol and Ca2+ (refs 4, 7, 8). The role of cyclic AMP may involve either inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization to the cytosol or stimulation of intracellular Ca2+ uptake, and in addition inhibition of 1,2-diacylglycerol formation. The relationship between cyclic-3',5'-GMP (cyclic GMP) and other second messengers in platelet activation has not been defined. Using platelets made permeable by exposure to an intense electric field, we demonstrate here modulation of the Ca2+ sensitivity of platelet secretion by thrombin, and by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 1-oleyl-2- acetylglycerol ( OAG ), both potent activators of protein kinase C. The effect of thrombin is selectively modified by cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP. The response to OAG and TPA is also modulated by cyclic AMP but to a much lesser extent.     

双端丙烯酸酯基聚异戊二烯液体橡胶的合成与紫外光固化

以双锂引发剂引发异戊二烯进行活性阴离子聚合,之后依次使用环氧乙烷和丙烯酰氯封端合成双端丙烯酸酯基聚异戊二烯（ATPI）,并以其为预聚体,以丙烯酸甲酯为稀释剂,在紫外光照下制备了光固化弹性体。采用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振氢谱（¹H-NMR）对产物ATPI进行了表征分析,结果表明：当采用机械搅拌方式,环氧乙烷加入10倍量（相比与活性种数量）,封端6 h,丙烯酰氯加入1.5倍量（相比与活性种数量）,封端1 h时,可制备丙烯酸酯基官能度达1.87的液体橡胶,其分子量约为3 000,分子量分布达1.25;当稀释剂占光固化胶液质量分数的65%时,光固化弹性体的拉伸强度达到6.16 MPa,断裂伸长率为138%,邵氏硬度为90.5。