通过碳正离子的重排反应

本文简要介绍了碳正离子的五种基本化学反应。重点讨论了碳正离子的重排反应:重排的方向和推动力;重排的历程和立体化学;基团的迁移能力和其它有关的重排反应。最后给出应用碳正离子的有关知识分析和解决问题的若干实例。     

克莱森重排反应机理的研究

本文对克莱森重排反应的历程进行了综述．着重介绍了芳香过渡态理论．同时讨论了影响该反应的因素．     

OCRCR‘CO重排反应的量子化学研究

用ＭＩＮＤＯ／１方法研究ＯＣＲＣＲ’ＣＯ的热重排反应，给出了反应的活化能和内禀反应坐标途径。     

乙二醇重排反应的量子化学研究

用ａｂｉｎｉｔｉｏ方法研究了乙二醇在酸性条件下的反应过渡态，讨论了反应机理     

论嚬呐醇重排反应

综述了呐醇重排反应的定义，机理，规律，立体化学和类呐醇重排反应，反呐醇重排反应．     

非对称核物质系统中的重排化学势

本文证明了在非对称核物质系统中各种组份的重排化学势相等，而且表述形式与单组份核子系统完全相同．     

九宫重排问题的代数解决

九宫重排问题是一个经典的问题,目前国内尚有人尝试用计算机去解决它.本文将该问题代数化,用置换群的方法彻底地解决了这一难题.     

过氧二甲酰重排反应的理论研究

用ＵＨＦ／ＡＭ１方法研究过氧二甲酰热排反应的机理,结果表明,由自由基对路径是热重排所循的最侍戏,其速控步骤的活化能为９０．１４５ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１。     

ATM stabilizes DNA double-strand-break complexes during V(D)J recombination

The ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) protein kinase mediates early cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during metabolic processes or by DNA-damaging agents. ATM deficiency leads to ataxia-telangiectasia, a disease marked by lymphopenia, genomic instability and an increased predisposition to lymphoid malignancies with chromosomal translocations involving lymphocyte antigen receptor loci. ATM activates cell-cycle checkpoints and can induce apoptosis in response to DNA DSBs. However, defects in these pathways of the DNA damage response cannot fully account for the phenotypes of ATM deficiency. Here, we show that ATM also functions directly in the repair of chromosomal DNA DSBs by maintaining DNA ends in repair complexes generated during lymphocyte antigen receptor gene assembly. When coupled with the cell-cycle checkpoint and pro-apoptotic activities of ATM, these findings provide a molecular explanation for the increase in lymphoid tumours with translocations involving antigen receptor loci associated with ataxia-telangiectasia.     

DDR相关蛋白缺陷引起的原发性免疫缺陷表型研究进展

在细胞内可变区基因(多样化基因)连接区基因片段重组(variable(diversity)joining recombination,V(D)J)与免疫球蛋白的类别转换重组(class switch recombination,CSR)过程中会产生程序性DNA双链断裂(DNA double strand break,DSB).当检测到DSB发生时DNA损伤反应(DNA damage response,DDR)被启动.DDR缺陷的病人具有原发性免疫缺陷表型(primary immunodeficiency,PID).总结了V(D)J重组与CSR产生DDR的分子机制,综述了V(D)J重组与CSR过程中DDR相关蛋白缺陷引起的原发性免疫缺陷表型.     

Transposition of hAT elements links transposable elements and V(D)J recombination

Transposons are DNA sequences that encode functions that promote their movement to new locations in the genome. If unregulated, such movement could potentially insert additional DNA into genes, thereby disrupting gene expression and compromising an organism's viability. Transposable elements are classified by their transposition mechanisms and by the transposases that mediate their movement. The mechanism of movement of the eukaryotic hAT superfamily elements was previously unknown, but the divergent sequence of hAT transposases from other elements suggested that these elements might use a distinct mechanism. Here we have analysed transposition of the insect hAT element Hermes in vitro. Like other transposons, Hermes excises from DNA via double-strand breaks between the donor-site DNA and the transposon ends, and the newly exposed transposon ends join to the target DNA. Interestingly, the ends of the donor double-strand breaks form hairpin intermediates, as observed during V(D)J recombination, the process which underlies the combinatorial formation of antigen receptor genes. Significant similarities exist in the catalytic amino acids of Hermes transposase, the V(D)J recombinase RAG, and retroviral integrase superfamily transposases, thereby linking the movement of transposable elements and V(D)J recombination.     

"N(非施)的V"与"N(非施)V"的比较

“N(非施)的V”结构与“N(非施)V”结构都是由名词性成分(N)修饰动词性成分(V)组成的偏正结构,“的”字 的有无有时似乎比较自由。通过这两种结构的对比,得出二者之闽并不存在一一对应的关系,并从结构、语义、句法、语 用多个层面入手,对偏正结构“N(非施)的V”与“N(非施)V”的特点进行了较为全面的分析和研究。总之,“N(非施)的 V”与“N(非施)V”分属两种不同的偏正结构类型。     

53BP1 facilitates long-range DNA end-joining during V(D)J recombination

Variable, diversity and joining (V(D)J) recombination and class-switch recombination use overlapping but distinct non-homologous end joining pathways to repair DNA double-strand-break intermediates. 53BP1 is a DNA-damage-response protein that is rapidly recruited to sites of chromosomal double-strand breaks, where it seems to function in a subset of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase-, H2A histone family member X (H2AX, also known as H2AFX)- and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1)-dependent events. A 53BP1-dependent end-joining pathway has been described that is dispensable for V(D)J recombination but essential for class-switch recombination. Here we report a previously unrecognized defect in the joining phase of V(D)J recombination in 53BP1-deficient lymphocytes that is distinct from that found in classical non-homologous-end-joining-, H2ax-, Mdc1- and Atm-deficient mice. Absence of 53BP1 leads to impairment of distal V-DJ joining with extensive degradation of unrepaired coding ends and episomal signal joint reintegration at V(D)J junctions. This results in apoptosis, loss of T-cell receptor alpha locus integrity and lymphopenia. Further impairment of the apoptotic checkpoint causes propagation of lymphocytes that have antigen receptor breaks. These data suggest a more general role for 53BP1 in maintaining genomic stability during long-range joining of DNA breaks.     

V2V三维宽带信道建模与统计特性分析

针对5G车对车(vehicle to vehicle, V2V)无线通信系统,基于几何随机建模方法,提出一种改进的三维宽带多输入多输出(multiple-input and multiple-outpit, MIMO)信道模型。引入多共焦半椭球体模型用于研究不同传播延迟下的V2V信道统计特性,结合时变的路径长度、信号角度和莱斯因子表征V2V信道的非平稳特性。推导了空-时相关函数、多普勒功率谱密度等关键信道统计特性的数学表达式。分析了城市和高速场景下信道相关特性的差别,并研究了车流密度、运动方向、天线角度、传播延迟等因素对信道统计特性的影响。结果表明,城市场景下的时间相关性和空间相关性明显低于高速场景;不同传播延迟下的V2V信道统计特性有明显差异;信道相关性同天线阵列角度、收发车运动方向和时间变化密切相关。模型仿真结果为车载通信提供了一些有价值的结论,可以作为未来V2V通信系统设计、优化和评估的有效指导。仿真结果与实测数据较好地吻合,证明模型能正确表征V2V无线信道的相关特性。     

Keggin型结构的钼钒杂多酸盐的合成与表征

本文介绍了以Na2MoO4·2H2O和NH4VO3为原料，在丙酮／乙醇-HC1体系中合成（n－Bu4N）3VMo12O40，开利用红外、紫外-可见、差热-热重、循环伏安和X-射线衍射对此进行了表征。     

二安替比林—邻—氯苯基甲烷与钒（V）显色反应的研究

合成了二安替比林-邻-氯苯基甲烷(DACPM),红外光谱和元素分析数据证明为目的产物,用此试剂建立了测定钒(Ⅴ)的新光度法。在H_3PO_4介质中,有吐温-20和Mn(Ⅱ)存在下,V(Ⅴ)与DACPM形成黄色产物,其λ_(max)在480nm,摩尔吸光系数ε=4.14×10~5 Lmol~(-1)cm~(-1).钒量在0～2.5μg/25ml符合比尔定律。方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,用于钢铁和炉渣中微量钒的测定,结果满意。