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1.
基因组印迹是一种表观遗传学调控方式.依据亲源性的不同机体仅表达来自亲本一方的等位基因,而来自另一方的等位基因不表达,这类基因称为印迹基因.印迹基因成簇存在,受该簇内的印迹控制区(imprintingcontrolregion,ICR)调控.基于ICRs的功能,研究者提出两种模式解释基因组印迹的机制:绝缘体印迹模式和非编码RNA印迹模式.印迹基因的正确表达对哺乳动物的正常发育极为重要,错误的印迹会引起严重的遗传性疾病和癌症.克隆动物发育异常也可能与之相关.结合本研究组最近的研究,文中综述了基因组印迹的调控机制及其对动物克隆的影响. 相似文献
2.
基因组印迹是一种表观遗传学调控方式.依据亲源性的不同机体仅表达来自亲本一方的等位基因,而来自另一方的等位基因不表达,这类基因称为印迹基因,印迹基因成簇存在,受该簇内的印迹控制区(imprinting Ccontrol region,ICR)调控.基于ICRS的功能,研究者提出两种模式解释基因组印迹的机制:绝缘体印迹模式和非编码RNA印迹模式,印迹基因的正确表达对哺乳动物的正常发育极为重要,错误的印迹会引起严重的遗传性疾病和癌症.克隆动物发育异常也可能与之相关.结合本研究组最近的研究,文中综述了基因组印迹的调控机制及其对动物克隆的影响. 相似文献
3.
报道将从人类鼻咽癌细胞系(CNE-2Z)分离出的不同克隆株细胞悬液,分别移植于严重联合免疫缺陷(scid)小鼠和BALB/c裸鼠的背侧皮下,于56天后处死所有小鼠,进行了大体和组织学检查。结果发现当每只scid小鼠移植2×10~6个瘤细胞时,CNE2-L2克隆株为高转移株,其淋巴转移率为100%,肺转移率为71%;而CNE2-L4克隆株为低转移株,其肺转移为13%,淋巴结未见转移;而当每只小鼠移植2×10~5个瘤细胞时,CNE 2-L2也为高转移克隆株,但比上者为低,其淋巴结转移率为71%。肺转移率为14%;CNE2-M2克隆株为中转移株。其淋巴转移率为43%,肺转移率为14%。与其裸鼠相比,当给每只BALB/c移植2×10~6个瘤细胞后56天时,尚未查见转移。说明两种免疫缺陷动物对恶性瘤细胞表型的表达,scid小鼠比BALB/c裸鼠为敏感。另外,皮下移植瘤细胞的数量也可能与转移出现的时间有密切关系。在相同时间内移植瘤细胞数越多,转移率也相对地增高,反之亦然。 相似文献
4.
<正>螟蛉有子,蜾赢负之这句话出自《诗经·小雅·小宛》。螟蛉,泛指稻螟蛉、棉铃虫、菜粉蝶等多种鳞翅目昆虫的幼虫。蜾赢,一类昆虫的通称,属于昆虫纲、膜翅目、胡蜂总科。蜾赢蜂捕螟蛉为食,并以产卵管刺入螟蛉体内,注射蜂毒使其麻痹,然后负之置于蜂巢内,作为蜾赢的幼虫的食料。古人错认为蜾赢养螟蛉为子。因而把螟蛉或螟蛉子作为养子的代称。生物之间的种间关系包括竞争、捕食、互利共生等。捕食是指一种生物以另一种生物作为食物。从广义上来讲,捕食包括以 相似文献
5.
领导人同时也是一个国家的首席推销员,出访国外却空手而回,对领导人来说是最大的耻辱,是无能的体现。尽管法国总统奥朗德以前从未来过中国,但在这次短短37个小时的访问里,他依然收获了丰厚的订单:中国航空器材集团公司和空客签署60架空客飞机订单;核能巨头阿海珐和法国电力与广东核能集团签署三方长期合作协议;甚至还得到了阿海珐和中国核工业集团签署建造核废料处理设施意向书。 相似文献
6.
张洪涛 《科技导报(北京)》2019,37(11):6-8
2019年1月15日,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)授予了一款在研的布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶(BTK)抑制剂泽布替尼(Zanubrutinib)突破性疗法认证,用于治疗先前接受至少一次疗法的成年套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)患者,这也成为首个在FDA获得突破性疗法认定的中国自主研发抗癌新药。介绍了突破性疗法认证的定义,讲述了新型布鲁顿氏酪氨酸激酶抑制剂泽布替尼的特点,阐述了其对中国医药研发企业的意义。 相似文献
7.
正A:试电笔是判断照明电路中的火线和零线、检验低压电气设备是否漏电的常用而又方便的工具。典型的试电笔构造如图所示。氖管中充有稀薄的氖气,两端是两个金属电极。当电极间的电压达到一定值时,氖气电离导电,产生辉光反应,发出红光。使用时,手指按住试电笔末端的金属笔卡或金属帽,用笔尖接触被测的导线,如果氖管发光,即说明被测导线为火线,或被测设备带电。 相似文献
8.
本文总结了HCF《语言机能》一文的主要内容,包括对语言机能的理解需要学科间的合作;对狭义和广义语言机能的区分;FLN为人类特有;语言的对比研究方法等。另外,本文还对HCF的观点予以简短的评价。 相似文献
9.
<正>A:人是恒温动物,不论周围环境的温度是高至50℃,还是低至-40℃,正常人的体温都保持在37℃左右。许多科学家认为,人体在37℃时,体内大多数酶的活性最高,这样能够维持机体正常的新陈代谢。还有的科学家推测,体温在37℃时,机体维持体温恒定所需要吸收或散发的热量较少,这在一定程 相似文献
10.
11.
哺乳动物克隆的现状和研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
哺乳动物细胞克隆是20世纪末生命科学领域最引人注目的高新技术,该技术对于优良种畜的复制、减少试验用动物数目、动物遗传多样性保存及濒危动物挽救、转基因动物培育等方面具有重要意义。近年来克隆技术发展迅速,多种哺乳动物相继克隆成功,但也存在克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常的问题。本文详细阐述了克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常问题,介绍了当前动物克隆技术的发展现状,并对动物克隆涉及的技术进行了总结和概括,着重介绍了卵母细胞的去核方法和重组胚的构建方法。 相似文献
12.
Effects of different nuclear transfer and activation methods on the development of mouse somatic cell cloned embryos 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wang ErYao YU Yang Li XueMei JIAO LiHong Wang Liu 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(2):209-214
A group of adult somatic cell cloned mice were obtained by using cumulus cells as nuclei donor cells. To study the effect of different nuclear transfer (NT) and activation methods on the development of mouse cloned embryos, embryos were reconstructed using two traditional NT methods (electrofusion and direct injection) and four activation treatments (electric pulse, ethanol, SrCl2 and electric pulse combined with SrCl2). The data showed that the efficiency of reconstruction using the direct injection method is significantly higher (90.7%) than that of the electrofusion method (49.7%). Parthenogenetic embryos can develop to blastocyst stage with three activation conditions, including ethanol, electric pulse and SrCl2; however, the rates of development to blastocyst after ethanol and electric pulse acti-vation (52.4%, 54.2%) are significantly lower than after SrCl2 activation (76.9%). Treatment of embryos for 6 h with 10 mmol/L SrCl2 was found to be the best condition for activation of parthenogenetic as well as reconstructed embryos. By contrast, reconstructed embryos failed to develop to blastocyst stage after being activated by ethanol. The use of either injection or electrofusion for embryo reconstruction affected the pre-implantation development. However, after transfer in pseudopregnant mice, cloned mice were obtained from both methods. 相似文献
13.
Lei Lei Liu Zhonghua Zhu Ziyu Kou Zhaohui Wu Yuqi Xu Ying Wen Duancheng Bi Chunming Xia Guoliang Chen Dayuan 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(5):469-471
Somatic cell nuclear transfer has been succeeded in procedures of nuclear transfer. One is single nucleartransfer, the other is serial nuclear transfer. Viable animals have been cloned in different species using both me-thods[1—6]. Different nuclear recipients and donors wereused in serial nuclear transfer, namely, transferring thenuclear of reconstructed embryo into enucleated MⅡoocytes[7], transferring the nuclear of reconstructed em-bryos at one cell stage into enucleated zygote[4] and t… 相似文献
14.
In the past ten years, great breakthroughs have been achieved in the nuclear reprogramming area. It has been demonstrated that highly differentiated somatic cell genome could be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, which indicates that differentiated cell fate is not irreversible. Nuclear transplantation and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell generation are the two major approaches to inducing reprogramming of differentiated somatic cell genome. In the present review, we will summarize the recent progress of nuclear reprogramming and further discuss the potential to generate patient specific pluripotent stem cells from differentiated somatic cells for therapeutic purpose. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2005AA210930) 相似文献
15.
Production of transgenic calves by somatic cellnuclear transfer 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
GONGGuochun DAIYunping FANBaoliang ZHUHuabing WANGLili WANGHaiping TANGBo LIUYing LIRong WANGRong HUANGYinghua LINing 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(2):161-166
Bovine fetal oviduct epithelial cells were transfected with constructed double marker selective vector(pCE-EGFP-IRES-Neo-dNdB) containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and neomycin-resistant(Neo^r) genes by electroporation, and a transgenic cell line was obtained. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was cartied out using the transgenic cells as nuclei donor. A total of 424 SCNT embryos were reconstructed and 208 (49.1%) of them developed to blastocyst stage. 17 blastocysts on D 7 after reconstruction were transferred to 17 surrogate calves,and 5 (29.4%) recipients were found to be pregnant. Three of them maintained to term and delivered three cloned calves.PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of transgene in all of the three cloned calves. In addition, expression of EGFP was detected in biopsy isolated from the transgenic cloned calves and fibroblasts derived from the biopsy. Our results suggest that transgenic calves could be efficiently produced by SCNT using transgenic cells as nuclei donor. Furthermore, all cloned animals could be ensured to be transgenic by efficiently pre-screening transgenic cells and SCNT embryos using the constructed double marker selective vector. 相似文献
16.
Reconstruction of human embryos derived from somatic cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GONGFei ZHOUHong TANYueqiu LUGuangxiu LUChangfu LINGe XIEChanqqing 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(17):1840-1843
Reconstruction of human nuclear transfer embryos is a necessary step of therapeutic cloning. In this study we injected somatic cell nuclei into M Ⅱ oocytes and activated reconstructed oocytes with calcium ionophore A23187 (CaA) and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). After oocyteactivation and 2PN formation, we removed the female PN.By using this method, we avoided the application of DNA fluorescent stain and ultraviolet light for oocyte enucleation,and over elimination of ooplasm was also mitigated. Some reconstructed embryos developed into the blastocyst stage in vitro. 相似文献
17.
利用培育的干细胞(SC)来实现组织再生和器官修复对于许多重大疾病如糖尿病、心脏疾病、老年性痴呆(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、神经损伤等的治疗具有重要意义,同时也是新药研发的重要工具.使用体细胞核转移技术(SCNT)克隆人类早期胚胎和提取干细胞,即所谓的\"治疗性克隆\"(Therapeutic cloning)技术,是目前进行干细胞个性化治疗的重要手段,具有广泛的临床应用前景.通过这种方法获得人胚胎干细胞的研究尚处于基础阶段,仍面临着许多有待解决的科学问题和技术挑战.在此主要就用于\"治疗性克隆\"人胚胎干细胞的研究进展做了简要综述,着重探讨了在该研究领域面临的主要困难,特别是在获得人成熟卵细胞方面,并提出了可能的解决办法. 相似文献
18.
目的比较不同类型体细胞对生产转基因克隆胚胎效率的影响。方法利用脂质体介导的方法将质粒pEGFP-N1转染到五指山小型猪胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞,经过G418筛选后均获得了阳性细胞株。然后分别以两种类型转基因细胞以及未转基因细胞为核供体进行体细胞核移植,比较不同类型供体细胞克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率。结果胎儿成纤维细胞和骨髓间充质细胞克隆胚的囊胚发育率差异不显著(P>0.05,8.3%vs.7.1%);转基因胎儿成纤维细胞(9.6%)和转基因骨髓间充质细胞(9.9%)克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率差异不显著(P>0.05,9.6%vs.9.9%);每一种类型供体细胞转基因与否对克隆胚的囊胚发育率无影响(P>0.05)。结论通过体细胞核移植技术,小型猪骨髓间充质细胞与胎儿成纤维细胞均可有效地生产转基因囊胚。 相似文献
19.
Dayuan?Chen "mailto:chendy@panda.ioz.ac.cn " title= "chendy@panda.ioz.ac.cn " itemprop= "email " data-track= "click " data-track-action= "Email author " data-track-label= " ">Email author Jinsong?Li Zhiming?Han Lei?Lei Zhonghua?Liu Zhaohui?Kou Shiyuan?Ma Qike?Du Qingyuan?Sun 《科学通报(英文版)》2003,48(6):549-554
Nuclear transfer (NT) is an efficient technique for assessing the developmental potential of a nucleus and for analyzing the interactions between the donor nucleus and the recipient cytoplasm. In amphibians, thought nuclei of adult kerationocytes support development to the juvenile, tadpole stage, no development to the adult stage was re- ported[1], leaving open the question of whether a different- tiated adult nucleus can be fully reprogrammed. The first cloned offspring developed from differ… 相似文献
20.
Yong Fan Man Tong ChunLi Zhao ChenHui Ding Jie Hao Zhuo Lv XiangPeng Dai Tang Hai XueMei Li RuQiang Yao Yang Yu ZanDong Li Liu Wang Jouneau Alice Qi Zhou 《科学通报(英文版)》2008,53(23):3648-3655
Therapeutic cloning, whereby embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from patient-specific cloned blastocysts via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), holds great promise for treating many human diseases using regenerative medicine. Teratoma formation and germline transmission have been used to confirm the pluripotency of mouse stem cells, but human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have not been proven to be fully pluripotent owing to the ethical impossibility of testing for germ line transmis- sion, which would be the strongest evidence for full pluripotency. Therefore, formation of differentiated cells from the three somatic germ layers within a teratoma is taken as the best indicator of pluripotency in hESC lines. The possibility that these lines lack full multi- or pluripotency has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we established 16 mouse ESC lines, including 3 genetically defective nuclear transfer- ESC (ntESC) lines derived from SCNT blastocysts of infertile hermaphrodite F1 mice and 13 ntESC lines derived from SCNT blastocysts of normal F1 mice. We found that the defective ntESCs expressed all in vitro markers of pluripotency and could form teratomas that included derivatives from all three germ layers, but could not be transmitted via the germ line, in contrast with normal ntESCs. Our results in- dicate that teratoma formation assays with hESCs might be an insufficient standard to assess full pluripotency, although they do define multipotency to some degree. More rigorous standards are required to assess the safety of hESCs for therapeutic cloning. 相似文献