玉米胚性愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的研究

采用生产上推广的14个基因型的玉米为材料,由幼胚诱导出胚性愈伤组织并再生植株。其中原齐722×5003等单交种在适宜条件下,胚性愈伤组织的诱导率可达90%,愈伤组织分化苗频率高于80%。在加有1ppm 6BA 和0.1%活性碳的改良 N_b 培养基上,分化出的幼苗长成健壮的小植株。接种幼胚的大小和基因型、基本培养基成份及蔗糖浓度、激素种类和浓度等对胚性愈伤组织的诱导、继代和分化幼苗均有明显的影响。另外,将培养7-8天的幼胚抉碎,可显著提高胚性愈伤组织的诱导率,并能使较大的幼胚产生胚性愈伤组织。随着胚性愈伤组织继代次数的增多,再生植株中畸形苗频率也升高     

山苦菜无性系建立的研究

以山苦菜无芽嫩茎为外植体诱导愈伤组织,经过继代培养后,以生长状态良好的愈伤组织进行分化培养,继续进行分化苗的生根培养,建立起山苦菜的无性系.结果表明:MS+BA(1.0mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L)+蔗糖(30g/L)是愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的最佳培养基;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS+蔗糖(15g/L);诱导不定芽生根的最佳培养基是1/4MS+IAA(0.2mg/L)+蔗糖(20g/L);山苦菜试管苗移栽的最佳基质为1/2园土+1/2河沙.     

大花君子兰单细胞培养再生绿色植株

以大花君子兰（ｃｌｉｖｉａ ｍｉｎｉａｔａ） 瘤状结构的胚性愈伤组织为单细胞培养来源,在附加２ ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ、１ｍｇ／Ｌ２ ,４ —Ｄ 及３ ％ 蔗糖的ＭＳ基本培养基上培养,诱导出的愈伤组织经同一诱导培养基长期继代培养后形成幼苗,将较大的幼苗转入状苗生根培养基（ 附加０－５ ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ 和０－１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的１／２ ＭＳ培养基） 上继代培养形成再生绿色植株。绿苗再生频率随继代时间的延长而提高。     

葡萄胚性愈伤组织无性系的建立、保持及其植株再生的研究

以葡萄“胜利”品种的花药、花丝为外植体，采用附加２ｍｇ／１６－ＢＡ和０．５ｍｇ／１２，４－Ｄ的改良Ｂ５培养基诱导葡萄胚性愈伤组织，诱导频率约为２０％．具有胚性的愈伤组织，经过五年以上的继代培养，至今无性系仍保持着很强的分化和再生植株的能力．激素成份对胚性愈伤组织的建立、长期保持、胚状体发生及产生丛生芽均有明显影响．利用一种简易高效的试管苗移栽技术，使葡萄试管苗的移栽成活率高达９５％以上．     

高羊茅高频再生体系的建立

目的建立高频再生体系,为相关基因的转化提供良好的受体系统。方法以高羊茅(Fes-tuca.arundinacea)成熟种子为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,进行高羊茅胚性愈伤组织诱导、继代、分化及生根培养。结果初生愈伤组织在MS 2,4-D5 mg/L CH400 mg/L 蔗糖60 g/L 琼脂12 g/L的继代培养基诱导出体细胞胚后,在含6-BA2.0 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L的MS培养基上分化形成丛生苗,分化率达78.9%;再生苗在1/2 MS NAA0.5 mg/L生根培养基上生根,生根率达100%。结论MS 2,4-D 9 mg/L为最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基,MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L为最佳分化培养基,1/2 MS NAA0.5 mg/L为最佳生根培养基。     

曲阜香稻胚性愈伤组织培养及悬浮细胞系的建立

水稻 (OryzasativaL .)曲阜香系 10 3成熟胚在MS1培养基上诱导培养 ,初始愈伤组织为深黄色、瘤状 ,非松脆类型 .当在MS2 培养基上继代培养 ,经 3～ 4月初始愈伤组织转变为浅黄色、小颗粒状 ,松脆型胚性愈伤组织 .将胚性愈伤组织置于液体培养基中悬浮培养 ,经 4月多可得分散性好、生长快的胚性悬浮细胞系 .     

玉米幼胚组织培养及其转化的研究

对6个玉米自交系和15个杂交组合的幼胚在不同培养基中进行了愈伤组织诱导、继代、分化培养,所试材料都能诱导出状态良好的愈伤组织,并在继代培养中生长正常.使用D icam ba和A gNO3能促进和改善愈伤组织的诱导数量和质量,二者对愈伤组织的良好状态和分化能力的保持具有协同效应.在分化培养基中提高蔗糖的浓度和附加细胞分裂素有利于胚状体的形成和苗的分化.杂交组合的愈伤组织生长状态遗传了双亲的特点,正反交试验表明,其特征更接近母本.对自交系Z3和Z31进行基因枪转化,PCR及PCR-Sou thern检测证实外源基因的导入.     

NaCl对高蛋白糯稻品系H1701胚培养力的影响

以糯稻Ｈ１７０１为材料,通过胚培养诱导愈伤组织,继代培养并分化,实验结果表明,ＮａＣｌ对胚性愈合伤组织的诱导和生长有不同程度的抑制作用,ＮａＣｌ浓度越高,抑制越明显,转人发化培养基后以后,除含１０ｇ／Ｌ及以上浓度ＮａＣｌ的诱导培养基中愈伤组织分化为零外,其余均能分化出苗,其中,含ＮａＣｌ２ｇ／Ｌ的诱导培养基中诱导出愈伤组织分化率最高。     

枸杞体细胞胚高频发生体系的建立

实验以枸杞种子为材料,培育成无菌苗后,取叶片和下胚轴进行诱导愈伤组织,在含有2,4-D的MS培养基上继代培养并诱导体细胞胚发生.通过从不同时期的胚性愈伤组织中剥离不同时期的体细胞胚,对它们进行形态学观察和发生频率统计,进而研究不同枸杞品种、2,4-D质量浓度、继代培养次数、不同部位和温度对枸杞体细胞胚发生的影响.结果表明:在含有0.2 mg/L2,4-D的MS培养基上,继代3次的愈伤组织经诱导分化体细胞胚可达496个/g;同时还探讨了枸杞体细胞胚高频发生再生体系建立的关键影响因素,为体细胞胚发生机理的研究和应用提供依据.     

日本结缕草茎节和愈伤组织再生体系的优化

分别以日本结缕草的成熟胚和茎节为外植体,建立并优化了2套组培再生体系.实验结果表明:利用成熟胚诱导愈伤组织,适宜诱导培养基为MS基本培养基添加2 mg/L 2,4-D配合0.2 mg/L 6-BA,诱导率为42.5%;继代培养可改善愈伤组织状态,增加胚性,其中增加培养基渗透压,并适当添加ABA(0.2 mg/L),可明显提高胚性愈伤组织比率;继代2次后的愈伤组织在3种细胞分裂素6-BA,KT,ZT适当配比的分化培养基上,分化率可达到50%~75%.在以茎节为外植体的组培体系中消毒处理和预培养是比较关键的环节;预培养时MS培养基效果优于1/2 MS,在MS基本培养基中添加0.25 mg/L KT,1.0 mg/L ZT和0.1 mg/L NAA为比较适合的芽诱导培养基,诱导率可达37.9%.同时,比较了两套再生体系的优缺点,为日后日本结缕草的遗传转化奠定基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the