垃圾渗滤液MBR出水的单独过硫酸盐体系深度处理技术

研究了过硫酸盐(PMS)体系对垃圾渗滤液MBR出水中污染物(COD、NH⁺₄-N等)的处理效能及机理,同时对该处理体系的生物毒性变化和经济性进行了分析.结果表明,单独PMS能够有效氧化垃圾渗滤液MBR出水中的主要污染物,其中COD的去除效能随PMS投量的增加而提高,并在PMS投量为20.36 g/L时达到最高78.3%的去除率;在氧化剂投量为5.09 g/L条件下,降解了97.2%的NH⁺₄-N,同时脱除了97.6%的色度. PMS体系会优先去除MBR出水中的小分子有机物,腐殖酸和富里酸也几乎被完全去除(>99%).该体系中,对NH⁺₄-N和色度降解起主要贡献的是HClO和ClO^-,对有机物去除起主要贡献的组分则是未活化的PMS.若以去除90%的COD为目标,则PMS最佳投量为1.018 g/L,对应的最小成本为3 835元/t.经PMS体系处理后的MBR出水生物毒性大幅增加,应着重考虑如何降低出水的环境影响.     

Ag掺杂Co3O4催化活化过硫酸盐降解双酚A研究

考察了 Ag-Co₃O₄复合材料催化活化过硫酸盐降解双酚 A 的效能与机制。研究发现银离子的质量分数为 2.5%、水热反应时间为 8 h 和水热反应温度为 180℃时的催化剂(Ag-Co₃O₄)活化过硫酸盐对双酚 A 的降解效率最佳。研究了水环境共存阴离子(Cl^-、NO₃^-、HCO₃^-和 SO₄^2-)对双酚 A 降解效果的影响。通过实际水环境的模拟实验和稳定性实验发现，催化剂在过硫酸盐体系下对含双酚 A 的水体表现出较强的降解效能与更稳定的特性。在猝灭实验中，在过硫酸盐体系下，该催化剂降解双酚 A 的活性氧化物种类型为羟基自由基、硫酸根自由基、超氧自由基和单线态氧。     

电化学法处理蚀刻液中高氨氮废水研究

蚀刻液处理过程中所产生的废水残留有高浓度氨氮,其环境污染风险大且难治理.电化学氧化法因其快速、高效的处理效率受到学术界的广泛重视.文章系统地探讨了电化学氧化法去除蚀刻液处理过程中高含氮废水的机理和影响因素.结果表明：针对初始质量浓度为2 000 mg·L^-1的模拟氨氮废水,电化学氧化法去除其中氨氮的最佳条件为质量浓度ρC l-=6 000 mg·L^-1、初始pH=9、电流密度60 mA·cm^-2,电解3 h后,氨氮去除率达到86.87%;针对实际废水,氨氮去除率可达75.42%.此外,向电化学体系中引入沸石材料后,模拟废水和实际废水中氨氮去除率可分别提高到92.79%和83.17%.     

模拟太阳光/ClO2高级氧化技术降解卡马西平及其水环境适用性

基于ClO₂光解的高级氧化技术在微污染物去除方面得到了广泛研究,一般通过ClO₂光解产生的活性物种(Cl·、ClO·、¹O₂、O₃和HO·等)来实现水体中目标污染物的降解.抗癫痫药卡马西平(CBZ)难以被生物降解和自然光降解,在水环境中具有持久性.该文系统研究了模拟太阳光/ClO₂体系中活性物种对CBZ去除效率及降解路径的影响,同时评估了水基质(如pH的变化及Cl^-、HCO₃^-、腐殖酸和富里酸等的存在)对污染物降解效率的影响.研究结果表明¹O₂、O₃和HO·等在CBZ降解过程中发挥重要作用,模拟太阳光/ClO₂体系中CBZ降解效率随着pH的增大而减小,Cl^-的存在对CBZ降解影响较小,HCO₃^-的存在不利于CBZ降解,天然有机质中的腐殖酸对...     

三维电极-电Fenton法去除垃圾渗滤液中有机物

采用三维电极-电Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液,考察了垃圾渗滤液中有机物去除的影响因素及处理效果,优化了实验条件,并探讨了有机物的降解机理。结果表明,电流密度、极板间距、初始pH、Fe²⁺投加量、曝气量等参数对垃圾渗滤液中化学需氧量(COD)和总有碳量(TOC)的去除率均有一定的影响,其最佳运行参数为：电流密度57.1mA/cm²、极板间距10cm、初始pH为4.0、Fe²⁺ 投加量1mmol/L、曝气量0.2m³/h,在此条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达80.80%和73.26%。气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)定性分析结果显示,电解对垃圾渗滤液中芳烃、烷烃、羧酸、酯类等主要有机物具有很好的去除效果,可生化性(BOD5/COD)从电解前的0.125增大到0.486,有利于后续的生化处理。     

废铁屑活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮染料RB5废水

采用废铁屑活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解偶氮染料废水,研究铁屑投加量、过硫酸盐浓度和初始pH值对活性黑5(RB5)降解过程的影响及动力学模型.结果表明:初始pH值为6,PS浓度为0.5 mmol·L^-1,废铁屑投加量为1 g·L^-1条件为最优的反应条件;反应50 min后,活性黑5去除率可达到90.22%,180 min后去除率可达到96.97%,反应后溶液中总铁的溶出量为97.32 mg·L^-1;RB5降解后,产生的副产物苯胺的质量浓度为0.13 mg·L^-1,反应后出水的pH值从初始的6变为4.01,废铁屑/PS体系降解RB5的降解动力学符合一级动力学反应;采用废铁屑活化过硫酸盐工艺降解偶氮染料废水具有反应速度快,不需调整初始pH值、运行成本低等优势.     

电絮凝法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能和工艺强化

采用电絮凝法处理生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液,考察铁铝电极的组合方式、极板间距、电流密度对渗滤液中COD、UV254、色度和磷去除效果的影响.研究发现,在最佳反应条件下,即铁电极、极板间距4 mm、电流密度为5.487 A/m2、反应1 h,对磷、COD、UV254和色度的去除率分别达到99.4％、61.2％、37.0％、7...     

钛基氧化铅阳极电化学降解富里酸的研究

采用钛基PbO2阳极,分别以Cu和不锈钢为阴极进行了电化学去除富里酸的研究.结果表明PbO2/Cu电解池的去除效果较好.重点考察了PbO2 /Cu电解池中电解时间、外加电压、电解质浓度、pH等对TOC去除率的影响. 结果表明,最佳工艺条件下,TOC去除率接近100%.富里酸电化学降解符合表观一级动力学模型,其速率常数kobs与富里酸初始浓度C呈线性关系.     

Mn-Bi25FeO40催化活化过硫酸盐高效降解抗生素磺胺嘧啶的研究

活化过硫酸盐的高级氧化工艺因其可以生成活性氧已经成为当前降解抗生素的前沿性技术，而开发新型高效的催化剂又是此技术发展的关键。向 Bi₂₅Fe O₄₀中掺杂 Mn 元素，采用水热法合成 Mn-Bi₂₅Fe O₄₀复合材料，并将其作为一种高效的 PDS 活化催化剂，用于快速降解磺胺嘧啶。结果表明，掺杂 Mn²⁺后的 Bi₂₅Fe O₄₀催化剂，可在 25 min内将磺胺嘧啶的降解效率从 60.72%提升到 97.69%。通过自由基猝灭实验发现 Mn-Bi₂₅Fe O₄₀/PDS 体系降解 SDZ 时产生了·OH、SO₄·^-、O₂·^-和¹O₂四种活性物种，其中，·OH 和 SO₄·^-自由基在该体系中发挥主要作用。     

Cr合金在含Cl-和SO42-离子溶液中的腐蚀行为

 为研究Fe-Cr 合金在含Cl^-和SO₄^2- 离子溶液中浸泡的腐蚀行为,采用显微激光拉曼光谱技术进行腐蚀产物分析,并进行线性极化和交流阻抗电化学测试明确腐蚀机理。研究结果表明,Fe-Cr 合金含有大量Cr 更容易形成钝化膜,在浸泡初期Fe-Cr 合金腐蚀速度很小。随着浸泡时间增加,维钝电流密度呈现先增加而后明显减小的趋势,说明钝化膜不断加强,钝化膜起到较好的阻碍Cl^-和SO₄^2- 阴离子侵蚀作用。在酸性溶液中,Fe-Cr 合金钝化的同时也发生着点蚀,且随着浸泡时间的增长而加剧。Fe-Cr合金在浸泡150 h 后,在三角晶界及其附近的晶界更易出现腐蚀产物,这是由于模拟溶液中含有大量Cl^-离子,致使钝化膜破损。而在Fe-Cr 合金的腐蚀产物中出现CrOOH,对腐蚀有抑制作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that