试论地理学研究的“人文化”趋势

本文首先讨论了地理研究的“人文化”趋势的概念．在此基础上分析了出现这一现象的历史渊源．中国古代地理著作一开始就注重人文化的研究,人-地关系这一地理学的核心也要求出现地理研究“人文化”趋势。     

从"和亲"政策看中国古代妇女社会地位的发展轨迹

“和亲”是中国古代民族关系中特有的政治现象，是中国古代民族交往和文化融合的一个缩影，也是中国古代妇女社会地位发展演变的分水岭。中国古代妇女在特定历史时期所处的社会地位在一定程度上反映了中国古代历史的发展方向。“和亲”政策推行后中国古代妇女社会地位的衰落，反映了农业社会夫权的高度膨胀与扩张。中国古代妇女在“和亲”政策前后社会地位发展轨迹说明，古代妇女社会地位的衰落有其深刻的历史背景和文化动因。她们在历史上所作出的贡献也必须得到公正、客观的评价。     

寒山一带伤心碧——关于《碧奴》的善、泪水及人道主义

首位入选全球“重述神话”项目的中国作家苏童,根据中国古代的神话传说“孟姜女哭长城”,创作了《碧奴》。在重述的过程中,苏童将叙事的重点从传统的“哭倒长城”结局巧妙地置换到“在路上”的过程,并为我们重现了满载一幕幕“苦难与生存”的路途。在这路途中,作者所想要表达的是善、爱及苏童们的人道主义。     

“因俗而治”型政区：中国历史上“一体”与“多元”的空间互动

任何政权条件下的行政区划都是社会政治经济文化发展要求的表现，是为当时的统治集团巩固政权、发展经济提供组织保障的空间格局。古代中国政治的根本特性就在于对大一统政治结构的持续追求，正是这一追求导致了其政治统治区域内多元性的存在。“因俗而治”型政区的存在、发展和演变，为“政治一体”与“社会多元”的互动提供了空间构架。也使“一体”与“多元”在空间布局上形成了实际的共生关系。     

北方草原重要古文化区氏族的经济形态——兼论北狄与西戎何时成为游牧部落

广义的北方，指包括我国东北、北部、西方及西南偏北的一部分，地垮西藏至黑龙江的辽阔地区，基本与通常所说的“草原”或古代“游牧”部落地域相当。狭义的北方，指辽宁省辽河以东至内蒙古西境及陇西，即考古界称的“以燕山南北长城地带为重心的北方文化区。”相比而言，黄河中游、下游的农耕氏族部落先民，迁入“狭义”北方与中原交界地带者较多(尤其是耕牧交错地区)，迁入其它的北方地域者较少。按传统说法，父系氏族社会(即“五帝”时代)形成的“五大民族集团”中，“西戎”与“北狄”是以畜牧业为主的游牧民族，而广义北方区域内的新石器时代文化遗存，却反映出绝大部分地区的氏族或部落还处在渔猎、农业或农牧并重的阶段。     

《中国古代度的文化》一文续补

中国古代“度”有着丰富的文化内涵，游庆学先生在《中国古代度的文化》一文中做了概括，部分地揭示了中国古代的“度”所蕴涵的民族文化特质。但游先生的考释还不够完备，在对中国古代的度制重新梳理后可以看出：“度”的行为除统称为“度”外，就其方式来看可细分为：“度”、“絮”、“揣”和“仞”；而作为中国古代尺度单位的还有“肘、弓、围、幅”等等。     

关于匈奴人种问题的几点认识

“中国北方长城地带”青铜时代居民的人类学资料表明。匈奴人的人种构成具有突出的地域性，不同地区的匈奴人基本延续了较早时期的人种类型。“中国北方长城地带”东周时期南下的牧人在人种类型上属于“古蒙古高原类型”，来源上应与蒙古高原以及外贝加尔石板墓的居民有一定的渊源关系。到战国晚期以后，当长城以北强大的匈奴联盟形成的时候，这部分古代居民很有可能最终加入到了匈奴联盟当中。     

论渤海国的吮吸文化

唐朝初年，东北白山黑水之间，麻路族人建立了一个少数民族的政权——渤海国（698－926年）。和历史上出现过的众多边疆少数民族政权一样，与中央政府的关系不是很严格的实行所谓“万代皆敏索政制”。它与唐王朝驹关系不管是作为一个“地方封建政权”也好，“地方民族政权”也好，“区域性民族政权”也好。总体上虽属唐王朝的组成部分，但一开始它就具有很大有独立性、自主性。“即其部落列置州县，其大者为都督府，以其首领为都督、刺使，皆得世袭”［1］。它还可以有自己的年号、自己的军队，甚至可以自由地与其他国家建立“外交关系”等…     

我国古代“家训”与当代家庭教育

中国古代“家训”是古人向后代传统修身治家、为人处世道理的基本方法，也是我国古代长期延续下来的家长教育后代的基本形式。中国古代“家训”包含有以“孝悌”为中心的伦理教育，以勤俭为主的个人品德教育和以耕读为主的处事方式教育。其教育的方式采用普遍性与针对性相结合，言传与身教相结合和训诫与引导相结合。封闭性、连贯性、传承性和双重性是中国“家训”的独有规律和特点。中国古代“家训”中的积极因素对当代的家庭教育仍有十分重要的借鉴意义。     

关于“中国古代史”与“中国历史地理”课程合并研究的几点思考

中国古代史与中国历史地理这两门课程是历史系的专业基础必修课 ,在面对教学改革、课时大量压缩的情况下 ,如何更好地完成这两门课的教学任务 ,是历史专业教师需要重点解决的问题之一。经过长期的教学实践与研究 ,我们感到中国古代史课程体系中存在一些值得深入探讨的问题 ,同时也发现中国古代史和中国历史地理两门课程进行合并既有必要 ,又是可能的。通过对中国古代史课程体系的重新“整合”,可以使中国古代史课程建设更趋完善     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the