大鼠前庭核群亚核界定及其投影联系

前庭系统是脊椎动物中高度保守的感觉系统，对保持身体的空间位置、姿势平衡，调节肌紧张及协调眼球运动、自主神经活动的调节等起着重要作用。前庭神经核是前庭传入的初级中枢，与中枢的很多核团和区域有传入，传出联系，简述了近年来大鼠前庭核群在分区及其纤维联系等形态学上的研究进展。     

孤束核的结构与功能

孤束核是一个位于延髓背侧、包绕于孤束周围的Y字形柱状核团。在吻尾方向上分为吻、中、尾3段，根据细胞构筑将其分为7个亚核。孤束核有广泛的传入传出联系，是内脏的初级传入及调节中枢，与呼吸、血压、胃肠道活动的调节以及镇痛等多种功能有关。笔者就近年来对孤束核的形态学和生理学的研究成果做了简要的综述。     

速激肽1型受体（NK1 R）在斑胸草雀脑干鸣唱控制相关核团及部分听觉核团内的分布

采用免疫组织化学的方法研究了速激肽1型受体(NK1R)在斑胸草雀脑干发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内的分布及阳性标记特征.结果显示,NK1R广泛分布于斑胸草雀发声控制核团和部分听觉中枢内;1)发声控制相关核团:中脑丘间复合体背内侧核(DM)有大量的NK1R免疫阳性胞体标记,极少出现纤维;中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)、黑质致密部(SNc)及周围脑区有大量的NK1R阳性胞体和NK1R免疫阳性纤维分布;2)听觉中枢:中脑背外侧核(MLd)和耳蜗核前庭外侧核(NM)有密集的胞体标记;而耳蜗核层状核(NL)及角核(NA)有少量NK1R阳性胞体分散分布,且角核可见大量密集深染纤维.本实验结果提示NK1R可能在鸣禽的发声控制及听觉中枢内具有重要的生理功能.     

大鼠前庭脊核经脑桥核接替向旁绒球的间接投射

探讨大鼠前庭脊核经脑桥核接替后向小脑旁绒球投射的间接通路,为揭示眼平稳跟踪运动的调控机制提供形态学基础.应用顺、逆行追踪结合偏离垂直轴旋转刺激激发脑内相关神经元Fos表达的方法,观察前庭脊核向脑桥核投射的顺行标记纤维与脑桥核内向小脑旁绒球投射的神经元是否有重叠.在脑桥外侧核发现前庭脊核投射来的纤维及终末与Fos/荧光金双重标记细胞有重叠.大鼠脑内存在前庭脊核经脑桥外侧核中继后投射至小脑旁绒球的间接通路.该通路有传递直线变速运动信号的作用,可能是眼平稳跟踪运动的调控途径之一.     

黄喉鹀（Emberiza elegans）发声控制中枢─—中脑背内侧核的纤维

用ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪方法，研究黄喉中脑背内侧核的中枢联系。将ＨＲＰ微电泳入中脑背内侧核，在同侧古纹状体粗核内见到密布的逆行标记细胞，在同侧延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部出现了密集的标记终未，上述结果表明，中脑背内侧核接受古纹状体粗核的传入投射，由它发出的纤维投射至延髓舌下神经核气管鸣管部．因此中脑背内侧核是发声控制通络中的重要中继站。     

鸣禽栗Wu前脑高级发声中枢及其架区的纤维联系

用ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪的方法,研究了鸣禽栗Ｗｕ前脑高级发声中枢（ＨＶＣ）及其周围架区的传入,传出投射,结果表明,ＨＶＣ接受丘脑葡萄形核、新纹状体前部巨细胞核内侧部,新纹状体界面核的传入投射,并发出纤维投射至旁嗅叶的Ｘ区和古纹状体粗核（ＲＡ）;还通过架区间接联系听区复合体（Ｌ区）及脑桥的蓝斑核等。     

面神经核神经纤维联系及功能

面神经核作为一个传统意义上的运动性神经核团,在咀嚼、吞咽、吸吮、表情和发音等方面发挥重要作用.近年来的研究表明,面神经核内除了有运动性神经元外,还有形态较小的非运动性神经元,它们可能参与机体呼吸等其他功能活动的调节.本文主要介绍面神经核的形态结构,纤维联系及功能,以便更深入、全面的认识面神经核.     

黄喉鹀、黄雀巨细胞核和层状核的听觉传入联系及反馈环路

本文用HRP顺、逆行追踪方法,研究黄喉鵐、黄雀延髓巨细胞核(NM)及层状核(NL)的听觉传入联系。将HRP微电泳入NM,在同侧听神经、上橄榄核和双侧丘脑内侧螺旋核等处见到逆行标记细胞及纤维。将HRP微电泳入NL,密集的标记细胞分布于双侧NM等处。结果表明,听神经传入巨细胞核,经换元后投射至双侧层状核,巨细胞核还接受上橄榄核和丘脑内侧螺旋核的传入投射。因此,在低位脑干内形成巨细胞核→层状核→上橄榄核→巨细胞核的听觉反馈环路。     

下丘脑室旁核NOS／NO系统对心血管活动的调节（综述）

下丘脑室旁核（PVN）是重要的心血管活动调节中枢。PVN分布有一氧化氮（NOS）神经元,合成并释放一氧化氮（NO）。NO通过抑制各级交感神经中枢,以及影响神经内分泌活动,对心血管活动进行调节。     

鸣禽栗巫鸟前脑高级发声中枢及其架区的纤维联系

用ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ顺、逆行追踪的方法,研究了鸣禽栗巫鸟前脑高级发声中枢（ＨＶＣ）及其周围架区（ｓｈｅｌｆ）的传入、传出投射．结果表明,ＨＶＣ接受丘脑葡萄形核（Ｕｖａ）、新纹状体前部巨细胞核内侧部（ｍＭＡＮ）、新纹状体界面核（ＮＩｆ）的传入投射,并发出纤维投射至旁嗅叶的Ｘ区和古纹状体粗核（ＲＡ）;还通过架区间接联系听区复合体（Ｌ区）及脑桥的蓝斑核（Ｌｏｃ）等．     

复杂情境下的核电系统可靠性

为提高复杂情境下的核电系统可靠性,保证核电系统安全运行,采用证据网络(evidence network,EN)对核电不确定信息问题进行分析、建模、推理和评估,有效地处理和表达专家语言变量,同时解决非布尔逻辑关系和多状态变量的问题,建立核电系统可靠性模型.提出一种将语言数据转换成基本信度指派函数的方法,对于在故障树映射到证据网络中存在的非布尔逻辑关系,建立一种新的条件信度表,解决复杂情境下的核电系统可靠性问题.研究结果表明,实验结果符合预期,建立的可靠性模型对研究核电系统可靠性有一定的借鉴作用.     

Stimulating illusory own-body perceptions

'Out-of-body' experiences (OBEs) are curious, usually brief sensations in which a person's consciousness seems to become detached from the body and take up a remote viewing position. Here we describe the repeated induction of this experience by focal electrical stimulation of the brain's right angular gyrus in a patient who was undergoing evaluation for epilepsy treatment. Stimulation at this site also elicited illusory transformations of the patient's arm and legs (complex somatosensory responses) and whole-body displacements (vestibular responses), indicating that out-of-body experiences may reflect a failure by the brain to integrate complex somatosensory and vestibular information.     

复杂社会技术系统人因组织行为安全控制模型

为了对核电、航空、航天、化工和石化等复杂社会技术系统进行有效控制,运用组织行为学原理知识,结合组织行为学学科,对复杂社会技术系统组织行为安全控制模型进行了初步探讨·建立了组织行为安全控制两级模型,将人的因素融合到安全控制模型中;探讨了个体、群体和结构对安全控制的深层次影响,认为人因对于复杂技术系统尤其是在出现紧急情况时的控制有重要意义·     

Influence of DC Supply Systems on Unplanned Reactor Trips in Nuclear Power Plants

IntroductionMany factors influence the economics ofnuclear power plants.Unplanned reactor trips arethe most important factors,so it has beeninvestigated from various aspects because oftheirinfluence on the operating capacity factor inNuclear Power Plants ( NPPs ) .Operationalexperience has shown thatsome components in theNPPs are so importantthattheir failure may causethe entire plantto shutdown.Such shutdowns haveoften occurred in the pastin the NPPs.So,nuclearpowerplantauthorities have…     

Brassinosteroid signal transduction: An emerging picture

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that have similar structures and functions with Brassino-lide (BL). BR signaling is complicated, and the input of BR signal is under fine control. The active BR level is regulated at the levels of BR biosynthesis and metabolic inactivation[1,2]. BR biosynthetic pathway consists of a metabolic grid, and the expression of several genes for BR biosynthesis is feedback regulated by BR signaling[3,4]. The sequential events of BR action inclu…     

中国核能现代化发展战略

 中国自主三代核电品牌开发不断取得突破、先进核能系统创新稳步持续推进，核能对中国能源清洁低碳转型和整体创新发展的战略支撑作用已充分体现。面对党中央和国务院对中国能源中长期发展的重大战略决策，面向2035年，对标全球技术发展趋势，主动应对复杂国际形势，紧密结合核能与经济社会发展及其能源供应需求、构建清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系和构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统（“两个构建”）的发展路径，开展能源领域核能发展战略的多种情景研究，依据行业发展规律，总结提出中国核能产业现代化发展的标志和路径建议。重点围绕行业内部在实现零碳规模化发展、核能引领科技创新、实现核燃料闭式循环和长远发展等方面的发展趋势分析，提出核能现代化发展战略目标；在新型电力系统安全稳定运行、拓展核能供应体系多样化保障城镇化、核能工艺热助力能源消费领域实现能效提升、核能制氢和构建低碳复合能源系统促进能源向资源转型等领域进行发展情景预测，力争用15年左右的时间基本实现核能产业现代化，并在更长时间内支撑中国“双碳”等战略目标实现。     

运动病的神经通路研究进展

由失重和头部运动而引起的前庭植物神经的反应称为运动病,其症状常表现为恶心、呕吐、肠胃不适、食欲低下、头痛等．前庭一内脏神经通路活动的异常是运动病的主要诱因,揭示前庭信号影响内脏活动的神经通路是阐明运动病发生机理的基础．综述了近年来关于运动病神经基础研究的进展．     

Structural basis for the assembly of a nuclear export complex

The nuclear import and export of macromolecular cargoes through nuclear pore complexes is mediated primarily by carriers such as importin-beta. Importins carry cargoes into the nucleus, whereas exportins carry cargoes to the cytoplasm. Transport is orchestrated by nuclear RanGTP, which dissociates cargoes from importins, but conversely is required for cargo binding to exportins. Here we present the 2.0 A crystal structure of the nuclear export complex formed by exportin Cse1p complexed with its cargo (Kap60p) and RanGTP, thereby providing a structural framework for understanding nuclear protein export and the different functions of RanGTP in export and import. In the complex, Cse1p coils around both RanGTP and Kap60p, stabilizing the RanGTP-state and clamping the Kap60p importin-beta-binding domain, ensuring that only cargo-free Kap60p is exported. Mutagenesis indicated that conformational changes in exportins couple cargo binding to high affinity for RanGTP, generating a spring-loaded molecule to facilitate disassembly of the export complex following GTP hydrolysis in the cytoplasm.     

Alp7/TACC is a crucial target in Ran-GTPase-dependent spindle formation in fission yeast

Microtubules are essential intracellular structures involved in several cellular phenomena, including polarity establishment and chromosome segregation. Because the nuclear envelope persists during mitosis (closed mitosis) in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), cytoplasmic microtubules must be reorganized into the spindle in the compartmentalized nucleus on mitotic entry. An ideal mechanism might be to take advantage of an evolutionarily conserved microtubule formation system that uses the Ran-GTPase nuclear transport machinery, but no targets of Ran for spindle formation have been identified in yeast. Here we show that a microtubule-associated protein, Alp7, which forms a complex with Alp14, is a target of Ran in yeast for spindle formation. The Ran-deficient pim1 mutant (pim1-F201S) failed to show mitosis-specific nuclear accumulation of Alp7. Moreover, this mutant exhibited compromised spindle formation and early mitotic delay. Importantly, these defects were suppressed by Alp7 that was artificially targeted to the nucleus by a Ran-independent and importin-alpha-mediated system. Thus, Ran targets Alp7-Alp14 to achieve nuclear spindle formation, and might differentiate its targets depending on whether the organism undergoes closed or open mitosis.     

有效核电荷数的编程计算及应用

有效核电荷数（Z^＊）是元素最重要参数之一，由于它的人工计算比较复杂，作者利用Visual Basic语言编写的程序来完成该计算，从而使Z^＊的计算变得方便、快捷．并且将得到的Z^＊数据用Excel的作图功能绘制成曲线，讨论周期表中Z^＊的递变规律．最后，还讨论了与Z^＊相关的一些原子结构参数（如电子能量、电离势和电负性等）．