大地电磁测深法探测地下油气资源的解释模型

基于空间源直接探矿仪探测地下油气资源的基本原理,建立了地层岩性解释模型,剖析了各种岩石的岩性探测曲线特征,探讨了根据地下不同深度岩性综合能量值判别地下岩层性质和位置的方法.研究区3口井的实例验证结果表明,地下油气储层探测符合率总体达到78.5%,证明了该模型的正确性和有效性.最后,就地层倾角对地下油气资源探测误差的影响进行了理论分析,结果表明,地层倾角为30°时,地下油气储层探测误差接近30%～40%,由此说明,探测层段平均地层倾角为26.3°是造成探测误差的主要原因.     

高倾斜地层储层压力下降对储层及上部盐层套管等效应力的影响研究

储层压力下降引起的地层压实会导致上部盐层变形,再加上地层倾斜的影响,进一步加剧了盐层套管的损坏。针对这一技术难题,采用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立了上部盐岩、下部储层的套管-水泥环-倾斜地层三维模型,研究了不同倾角地层储层压力下降对储层及上部盐层套管等效应力的影响。得出以下结论:由于分界面处岩性变化,导致界面附近套管等效应力变化剧烈;分界面以上(含盐层)套管等效应力大于分界面以下(含储层)套管等效应力;储层压力下降幅度一定,套管等效应力随地层倾角的增加而增加;地层倾角一定,随着储层压力下降幅度增加,当下降幅度低于20%时,套管等效应力增加缓慢;下降幅度超过20%,套管等效应力增加剧烈。将该方法应用于中国西部某油田db204井盐下储层压力衰竭分析,完善了盐层套管设计理论,为盐层井筒完整性提供了有力的保障。     

井中偶极声源激励下的反射声场影响因素分析及仪器关键参数优选

根据远探测测井的实际背景,利用三维有限差分数值模拟方法精确考察井中偶极声源条件下声源激发频率、反射界面水平位置、地层界面倾角及偶极声源偏振方向对反射横波幅度的影响。结果表明:偶极横波远探测测井仪的最佳工作频率应选择在井孔挠曲波的截止频率以下,可解决来自地层深部的反射信号相对于沿井传播的直达波信号过于微弱的问题。按照现有的仪器范围设置(源距小于4m),可有效地探测地层倾角为40°～90°的井旁反射体。     

跨不同倾角软弱层隧道围岩变形规律

山区隧道与地下工程的建设中多会穿越软弱夹层或破碎带等软弱地层。此类软弱地层几何形态变化大,力学性能差,隧道开挖后的收敛变形往往难以控制,这也成为山岭隧道施工以及结构设计的难点所在。本文着眼于软弱地层倾角对隧道围岩开挖变形的影响规律,利用模型试验,对无支护条件下软弱层围岩的拱顶、拱腰进行研究,监测了软弱层倾角分别为45°、60°、90°、120°、135°时隧道开挖造成的收敛变形;并结合数值模拟方法,进一步对比验证了模型试验的检测规律。结果表明：软弱层倾角对隧道围岩变形的影响十分显著。随着软弱层倾角的增加,隧道拱顶、拱腰以及仰拱的围岩位移先减小后增大。不同软弱层倾角下,通过归一化处理发现,拱顶和拱腰位置数值计算和模型试验的围岩位移变化结果呈现出高度的一致性。且根据监测面的塑性区云图,剪切破坏的区域贯通,分布于隧道一周,其面积随着软弱层倾角的增加,先减少后增大。     

基于多矿物模型分析的最优化测井解释

多矿物模型分析的最优化解释能采用多种测井信息和多种模型来研究和评价复杂油气层。与传统测井解释方法相比,它能将所有的测井信息、误差及某些地区地质经验综合成一个多维信息复合体,运用最优化的数学方法,进行多维寻优处理,来求取地层参数。将该方法应用到乌尔禾低效油田克拉玛依组复杂岩性低渗碎屑岩储层参数解释中,成功解释了该地区一百多口井的测井资料,得到了可靠的地层矿物(岩性)剖面和储层参数。与试油资料、录井资料等对比证实,该方法提供了一种比较有效的地层岩性和物性参数及流体性质的解释方法,效果较好。     

英买2~3构造侏罗系至志留系测井储层评价

为了对塔里木盆地英买2~3构造侏罗系至志留系的测井储层与油气资源进行研究和评价,描述了该构造上侏罗系至志留系各地层的基本电性特征;进行了构造上及周边井重要层系地层的构造倾角和古水流研究。通过岩心物性分析和油气描述,结合地层对比和地层倾角资料的研究,结果表明:英买2~3井区侏罗系地层从北西向南东逐渐抬升;横向上,古水流方向是南东东—北西西,物性特征是北西往南东逐渐变好,标识物源方向与古水流方向一致;纵向上,底部物性较中上部好,说明了沉积时底部较中上部水动力强的特点;英买3井油气显示好于其它各井,可望在英买3井南部高点地区获得新的油气显示。     

柴窝堡凹陷油气藏形成条件及成藏模式研究

改造型盆地评价是近年来石油地质研究的难点和重点.以成盆、成烃和成藏理论为指导,应用盆地分析、有效烃源岩评价、储层预测、改造型盆地模拟等技术和方法,综合研究分析了改造型盆地柴窝堡凹陷油气藏形成条件,预测了油气资源潜力,建立了油气成藏模式.结果表明:该区主要烃源岩层为上二叠统芦草沟和红雁池组,是油气资源分布的主要层位;主要储集层亦为上二叠统芦草沟和红雁池组,物性较差,总体为较好含气储层,是主要勘探目的层;存在构造、地层、岩性、复合4大类油气藏类型和自源—侧向排烃、它源—垂向排烃两类油气成藏模式.     

三维地层构造发展现状

 三维地层模型在地下空间开发、油气资源开发和岩土工程问题分析中具有重要作用。论文系统总结了国内外学者在三维地层构造方面的研究,从3个方面系统阐述了三维地层构造的研究现状：①几种常用三维地层的面模型和体模型的建模原理、数据结构和各自的优缺点;②三维地层层面、层体的构造方法以及对特殊地质的处理方法;③三维地层模型误差产生的原因及其修正问题。最后,指出了三维地层构造研究中存在的一些问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

塔北隆起奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩刻度区油气资源评价

根据塔北隆起奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩刻度区储层及油气富集的特殊性,对碳酸盐岩刻度区油气资源评价方法及关键参数分布模型等进行研究,并计算刻度区油气资源量。研究表明:塔北隆起奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩层系整体上可划分为风化壳岩溶型及内幕岩溶型储层;碳酸盐岩层系油气纵向上多层段叠置发育、横向连片,大面积分布,油气分布和富集程度主要受有效储层的发育控制;对刻度区油气资源评价的关键参数进行统计模拟确定的关键参数分布模型包括有效储层厚度系数模型、有效储层面积系数模型、有效储层面积丰度和有效储层体积丰度模型等;计算奥陶系风化壳型刻度区油气资源量为油1.47343×10^9t,气2.766×10¹¹ m³,展现出塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩层系良好的勘探潜力。     

射孔间距-倾角对深煤层水力裂缝扩展影响的离散元分析

研究煤岩储层裂缝扩展的影响因素,对提高煤层气采收率十分重要。为探究不同射孔间距-倾角对深层煤岩裂缝扩展规律的影响,利用离散元分析方法,考虑井周煤岩应力变化特征、最大周向应力准则、原始储层等条件,研究射孔间距-倾角对压裂缝网扩展形态及延伸范围的影响规律。模拟结果表明：随射孔间距从40 mm变化至100 mm,当间距为60 mm时裂缝条数数量最多;当射孔倾角从15°到60°变化时,当射孔角度为45°时,缝网形态最为复杂;即射孔间距为60 mm且射孔倾角为θ=45°时,水力裂缝的缝网形态复杂度显著增大,缝网扩展范围最大。通过神府北木瓜区Y-1井验证,预测结果与实测数据具有一致性,证明所建煤岩数值模型的正确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the