低质量船成因和表现形式(英文)

低质量船是指在船体本身物理性能标准不符合,或者船舶操作及船员的表现不能满足适航的最低标准,从而对生命安全和环境构成威胁的船舶.低标准船产生原因有多种,主要包括低规范的船旗国,不负责任的船东,低标准的船舶及不称职的船员.     

论船员责任意识的教育与船舶海洋污染的控制

随着经济和贸易的迅猛发展,海洋承受着不同程度的污染和损害。国际海事组织(IMO)及船旗国、沿海国和港口国等为了进一步做好对海洋生态环境的保护,不断有新的规范出台。这就对我们的船舶管理和船员素质提出更高的要求,加强对船舶防污染的监管;重视船员对防污染知识学习教育,增强船员环保责任意识;控制海洋污染事故的发生。     

论船旗国如何应对低标准船舶(英文)

低标准船舶是导致海上事故发生的一个重要原因.船旗国对控制、消除低标准船负有重要责任.针对我国造船市场、船员素质、履约情况、保险行业、主管机关、船检机构等主体采取相应措施,逐步取缔低标准船舶.     

浅议港口国监督(英文)

随着国际贸易的日益繁荣,应运而生的航运业全球化进程也在不断加快.船旗国的法律体系不同,造成各国对船舶、船员等要求也不尽相同.为使国际间的法律体系有利于航运业的公平竞争和健康发展,分析港口国监督的特点,对比船旗国监督存在的相对优势,充分肯定港口国监督的模式和效果,并建议在互相理解备忘录的框架下制订更多的新措施来履行港口国监督职责.     

缔造我国PSCO新形象

PSC-港口国监督指港口所在国对进入本国港口的外国籍船舶所实施的核实其是否符合相关安全公约要求的监督检查。通过对船舶技术状况和船员操作状态的监督检查，对低标准船舶采取包括滞留在内的强制性整改措施，以确保海上航行安全，防止船舶污染环境，维护港口国利益，监督船旗国履约。作为港口国监督的直接执行者，港口国监督检查官（下称PSCO）水平的高低直接决定了检查质量的高低。PSCO的检查主要对象是进入我国港口的外国籍船舶，其涉外性显而易见，PSCO素质的直接影响到一个主权国家的对外形象，     

浅析船舶安全检查与船舶检验

船舶安全检查是海事主管机关为保障水上人命财产的安全,防止水域污染而对船舶技术设备状况和人员配备及适任状况进行的监督检查,它是海事主管机关行使国家主权、履行政府监察职能,实施行政管理的主动行为,按照实施对象的不同分为港口国监督检查（PSC）和船旗国监督检查（rsc）。而船舶检验是为了保证船舶、海上设施和船运货物集装箱具备安全航行、安全作业的技术条件,保障人命生命财产的安全和防止水域环境污染,由国家海事主管机关授权的船舶检验机构所实施的检验。就国内而言,船舶检验机构有中国船级社和各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府交通主管部门所属的地方船舶检验机构。就国际而言,船舶检验机构通常是船旗国政府授权的船级社。     

船舶消防设备的操作使用与管理

船舶消防设备对船舶应急状态下生命力有至关重要的作用。船舶海上事故的发生给国家和集体带来巨大的损失,也给遇难船员家属及亲人们带来巨大的痛苦和灾难。在海上船舶是船员和旅客最好的生存基地,船员在工作中应细致地做好船舶安全工作,以保证船舶和人员生命安全。该文通过对某船消防设备的配备、状态、使用管理等情况的分析,提出对消防设备使用和管理的意见。     

船舶消防中船员心理素质和随机应变能力的培养

当前我国海上船舶数量不断增加,船舶火灾发生也越来越频繁,而海上船舶火灾的成功救助主要依靠船员自身的素质,而在这之中船员的稳定心理素质和随机应变能力起关键作用,所以培养和提高船员的消防心理素质和随机应变能力是目前减少海上船舶火灾损失的有效方法之一.     

基于GM（1,1）模型的浙江省海船船员需求预测

通过采用灰色预测GM(1,1)模型对未来10年浙江省沿海、远洋运输船舶的拥有量进行预测,并根据船舶最低安全配员要求计算未来10年浙江省海船船员的需求量,对不同船舶吨位、主推进装置功率船舶高级船员的需求量进行了结构性预测.     

浅析检验主体的选择对船舶法定检验的影响(英文)

船舶证书是用来界定船舶是否满足安全航行的最基本要素之一,也是船舶检验合格的证明.法定检验是以法律形式规定的强制性检验,可以由船旗国主管机关进行检验和发证,也可以由主管机关授权给个人或其他认可组织.比较三种检验主体组合的优缺点,讨论检验主体的选择对缔约国的重大影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with