AN ALGORITHM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY IN A TWO-LEVEL SUPPLY CHAIN WITH TRANSPORTATION COSTS： COMPARISON OF DECENTRALIZED WITH CENTRALIZED DECISION

This paper considers a two-level supply chain consisting of one warehouse and one retailer. In this model we determine the optimal ordering policy according to inventory and transportation costs. We assume that the demand rate by the retailer is known. Shortages are allowed neither at the retailer nor at the warehouse. We study this model in two cases; decentralized and centralized. In the decentralized case the retailer and the warehouse independently minimize their own costs; while in the centralized case the warehouse and the retailer are considered as a whole firm. We propose an algorithm to find economic order quantifies for both the retailer and the warehouse which minimize the total system cost in the centralized case. The total system cost contains the holding and ordering costs at the retailer and the warehouse as well as the transportation cost from the warehouse to the retailer. The application of this model into the pharmaceutical downstream supply chain of a public hospital allows obtaining significant savings. By numerical examples, the costs are computed in MATLAB to compare the costs in the centralized case with decentralized one and to propose a saving-sharing mechanism through quantity discount.     

Collaborative supply chain planning under dynamic lot sizing costs with capacity decision

Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply chain planning problem with capacity acquisition decision under asymmetric cost and demand information. A simple negotiation-based coordination mechanism is developed to synchronize production/order strategies of a supplier and a buyer. The coordination scheme shows how the supplier and the buyer modify their production and order policy in order to find a joint economic lot sizing plan, which saves the overall supply chain cost. The allocation of the cooperation benefit is determined by negotiation. Due to the complexity of the multiple periods, multiple level supply chain lot sizing with capacity decision, a heuristic algorithm is developed to find coordination solutions. Finally, the results of the numerical study indicate the performance of supply chain coordination scheme.     

模糊供应链批量生产计划问题

描述了模糊单位生产成本、模糊生产能力以及模糊需求下的分布式多工厂供应链批量生产计划问题。根据不同的决策准则建立了模糊期望值模型和模糊相关机会约束规划模型。当模糊变量是三角模糊数时,讨论了模糊规划模型的清晰等价形式,并采用遗传算法给出了求解模型的具体步骤。最后通过一个数值例子验证了方法的有效性。     

考虑多运输方式的供应链生产计划多目标模型

描述了考虑多运输方式的分布式多工厂、多分销商的供应生产计划,以实现最小化提前／拖期惩罚费用、生产成本、产品运输费用三者的总额以及最小化供应链的活动时间为目标建立了多目标优化模型,通过模型转换和利用加权和法求解多目标规划得到了其生产计划调度方案。计算结果说明了模型的有效性和可行性。     

随机回收和有限能力下逆向供应链定价及协调

综合考虑回收量为回收价格的随机线性函数及回收商或制造商的设施有容量限制,分别针对回收商或制造商租用设施的两种情况,分析了Stackelberg博弈和集中式决策下逆向供应链中回收商的最优回收价格、制造商的最优回购价格及最优设施容量．研究表明,与集中式决策相比Stackelberg博弈情形下的系统效益非最优．然后利用收入一费用共享契约进行逆向供应链的协调．通过算例验证了该契约的有效性,并对回收敏感系数进行了灵敏度分析．