Solid Freeforming and Combinatorial Research

A view of manufacturing processes is presented in which five distinct categories are defined as casting, deformation, machining, joining, and solid freeforming. Solid freeforming is essentially biomimetic and shares problems of morphogenesis with natural processes. Our team in University of London has been exploring three mechanisms of solid freeforming. In dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing, the emphasis has turned to the problem of delivering a complex shape in which the three dimensional spatial arrangement of composition is delivered from the design file. In extrusion freeforming, the aim is to control microstructure at hierarchical levels also from the design file. The quest for 3-D functional gradients is satisfied by acoustic and ultrasonic dispensing and mixing of powders so that each layer can be patterned. These methods could be extended to deliver the complex patterns demanded by left-handed microwave metamaterials. Dry powder deposition and direct ink-jet printing are turning towards combinatorial methods in which multiple sample libraries are used to accelerate discovery. In turn, this paves the way for ’autonomous research machines’ which steer their own search refinements in response to our requests for new materials. In this way, solid freeforming used for sample preparation can give an ’arm’ to an intelligent machine so that it can conduct its own experimentation and learning; an idea that originated with Alan Turing in the late 1940s.     

Perusing Piezoelectric Head Performance in a New 3-D Printing Design

Rapid prototyping (RP) is a computerized fabrication technology that additively builds highly complex three-dimensional physical objects layer by layer using data generated by computer, for example CAD or digital graphic. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is one of such technologies that employ ink-jet printing technology for processing powder materials. During fabrication, a printer head is used to print a liquid on to thin layers of powder following the object’s profile as generated by the system computer. This work looks at redesigning 3DP machine, using piezoelectric demand-mode technology head in order to improve accuracy, surface finishing and color quality of constructed models. The layers created with aforesaid system are between 25 to 150 μm (steps of 25 μm).     

Perusing Piezoelectric Head Performance in a New 3-D Printing Design

Rapid prototyping (RP) is a computerized fabrication technology that additively builds highly complex three-dimensional physical objects layer by layer using data generated by computer, for example CAD or digital graphic. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is one of such technologies that employ ink-jet printing technology for processing powder materials. During fabrication, a printer head is used to print a liquid on to thin layers of powder following the object's profile as generated by the system computer. This work looks at redesigning 3DP machine, using piezoelectric demand-mode technology head in order to improve accuracy, surface finishing and color quality of constructed models. The layers created with aforesaid system are between 25 to 150 μm (steps of 25 μm).     

研磨条件对陶瓷喷墨墨水分散性的影响研究

采用机械分散法制备了钴蓝陶瓷喷墨墨水,在固定油墨配方的条件下,考察了研磨珠的大小以及研磨时间对油墨分散性的影响,实验结果表明：当固含量为30％,纳米砂磨机的转速为2 086转/分,研磨珠的大小为0.6～0.8 mm,研磨时间为10h,研磨得到的油墨分散性最好,测得油墨的粒径D50为0.48 μm,D90为0.77 μm,粘度为27.9 mPa·s,表面张力为27.8 N/m,符合陶瓷喷墨打印的性能要求,经上机打印实验,效果较好.     

不同分散剂对涂布喷墨打印性能的影响

大多数喷墨打印墨水是阴离子型的,在涂料中需要加入阳离子固色剂来提高打印质量.本研究中直接采用阳离子型分散剂聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（poly-DADMAC）分散颜料,提高了涂料的稳定性,改善了纸张对打印墨水的固色性,增加了打印颜色密度,扩大了颜色密度范围,同时也避免了传统阴离子分散剂与阳离子固色剂不能兼容而导致的结块现象.     

利用图像分析法研究不同浆料配比对打印质量的影响

利用图像分析方法研究浆料配比和填料的种类对喷墨打印纸的打印质量的影响.根据油墨的渗透和扩散行为而导致的点的边缘锐化值、文字的羽化程度和点的喷墨打印质量指数等研究喷墨打印质量.研究结果表明：加填是影响喷墨打印纸打印质量的最重要因素.浆料配比对于以打印点的边缘锐化值、纸页的打印文字面积和点的喷墨打印质量指数表示的打印质量没有明显影响,但对于不加填和研磨碳酸钙加填的纸页,纸页打印点的边缘锐化值随着针叶木浆料占混合浆料的比值的增大而增加,这表明对于不加填纸,阔叶木浆有利于提高以点的边缘锐化值表示的打印效果.     

悬浊液进样原子吸收法测定茶叶中铜和锰的研究

本文介绍了一种操作简单、省时的茶叶中铜、锰的快速分析方法.经烘干、粉碎后的茶叶样品在60%甘油——水体系中制成均匀的悬浊液,然后直接被引入石墨杯原子化器内,进行原子吸收测定.作者对用该法测定茶叶中的铜、锰的各种实验条件进行了充分研究,包括悬浊液体系的组成,茶叶样品颗粒大小的影响及石墨炉升温程序等.实验结果表明,该法除具有粉末直接进样原子吸收法的各种优点外,还保持了溶液进样法的精度高等许多特点.该法不仅可用于茶叶中金属元素的快速分析,同样还可用于其它样品中各种元素的测定.     

悬浊液进样原子吸收法测定茶叶中铜和锰的研究

本文介绍了一种操作简单、省时的茶叶中铜、锰的快速分析方法。经烘干、粉碎后的茶叶样品在60％甘油——水体系中制成均匀的悬浊液,然后直接被引入石墨杯原子化器内,进行原子吸收测定。作者对用该法测定茶叶中的铜、锰的各种实验条件进行了充分研究,包括悬浊液体系的组成,茶叶样品颗粒大小的影响及石墨炉升温程序等。实验结果表明,该法除具有粉末直接进样原子吸收法的各种优点外,还保持了溶液进样法的精度高等许多特点。该法不仅可用于茶叶中金属元素的快速分析,同样还可用于其它样品中各种元素的测定。     

3D打印技术专利侵权问题研究

3D打印技术对于产品设计、制造和销售方式产生了变革作用,同时可能引发较高的专利侵权风险。根据现有的专利侵权构成要件,3D打印侵权产品和传播3D打印模型文档的行为难以构成直接侵权和间接侵权,专利权人所采用的技术措施也没有明确法律依据对其给予保护,网络经营者也不能在链接侵权产品设计行为中得到侵权豁免。有必要取消专利侵权行为的生产经营目的要件,建立并拓展间接侵权制度,构建专利领域的避风港规则,并对专利权人采取的技术措施给予合理保护。     

利用Word自动化服务器实现基于模板的文书打印

介绍了一种可以利用Word的强大排版打印功能的模板文书打印方法，Word作为服务器而应用软件作为客户．用于打印的模板文件只是一个原始文件而不是最终文件，需要应用软件根据实际需要对它进行若干替换项的查找替换然后生成最终文书，而查找替换的实现者也是Word．     

用Auto LISP建立专业图形库

本文介绍在Auto CAD内建立图形库的方法。针对形文件法和图块法无法满足按系列尺寸绘制图形的要求的缺点,提出使用Auto LISP建立图形库,找到了AutoCAD从数据文件中检索数据的方法,实现了Auto LISP与dBASEⅢ的联结。按本文所述方法建立的图形库,可以象使用Auto CAD内部命令一样调用图形库中的图形,因而实用性较强。     

Solution-processed silicon films and transistors

The use of solution processes-as opposed to conventional vacuum processes and vapour-phase deposition-for the fabrication of electronic devices has received considerable attention for a wide range of applications, with a view to reducing processing costs. In particular, the ability to print semiconductor devices using liquid-phase materials could prove essential for some envisaged applications, such as large-area flexible displays. Recent research in this area has largely been focused on organic semiconductors, some of which have mobilities comparable to that of amorphous silicon (a-Si); but issues of reliability remain. Solution processing of metal chalcogenide semiconductors to fabricate stable and high-performance transistors has also been reported. This class of materials is being explored as a possible substitute for silicon, given the complex and expensive manufacturing processes required to fabricate devices from the latter. However, if high-quality silicon films could be prepared by a solution process, this situation might change drastically. Here we demonstrate the solution processing of silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) using a silane-based liquid precursor. Using this precursor, we have prepared polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films by both spin-coating and ink-jet printing, from which we fabricate TFTs with mobilities of 108 cm2 V(-1) s(-1) and 6.5 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), respectively. Although the processing conditions have yet to be optimized, these mobilities are already greater than those that have been achieved in solution-processed organic TFTs, and they exceed those of a-Si TFTs (< or = 1 cm2 V(-1) s(-1)).     

EIGA法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末,研究了雾化气压对粉末收得率、粒径、粉末形貌、松装密度、流动性及空心球率等特征的影响.结果表明:随着雾化气压的增加,粉末收得率、球形度增加,而粉末平均粒径减小.雾化气压为6.0MPa时,粉末收得率超过50%,平均粒径小于100μm,松装密度为2.950 g/cm~3,流动性为2.242 g/s,空心球率低于3%.雾化气压为7.0 MPa时,非球形缺陷粉末和空心球率增加.对比雾化气压为6.0 MPa制备的不同粒径粉末,以及激光3D打印后的拉伸曲线与断口形貌,发现50~100μm粉末打印TC4合金的抗拉强度达907.7 MPa,延伸率最大达15.3%,具有良好的强韧性.     

亚硝酸钠多晶与粉末中铁电相变的研究

对NaNO 2粉末与多晶材料的复介电常数随温度的变化情况进行了讨论,并研究了其铁电相变过程.结果表明：1）高温（420K以上）低频（100Hz以下）条件下,NaNO2粉末及多晶材料复介电常数的变化主要是由离子扩散引起的.而高频（105Hz,106Hz）复介电常数实部的值在相变温度附近基本与频率无关,能够反映材料的极化和结构信息.2）在443K～450K范围内, NaNO 2粉末样品的激活能U为0.70eV,NaNO 2多晶的激活能U为1.58eV,NaNO 2多晶的激活能要大于NaNO2粉末的激活能,这说明NaNO2粉末与多晶中离子扩散可能起源于材料的本征缺陷.3） NaNO2粉末中铁电相变在复介电常数曲线上的表现比NaNO2多晶明显;临界温度Tc以上437K至440K范围内,NaNO 2多晶的复介电常数实部随温度的变化曲线偏离居里-外斯定律,说明该铁电相变过程中存在反常现象,这一现象与NaNO 2单晶的结果相吻合.     

3D打印金属材料研究进展

3D打印技术是快速原型制造技术的一种,也被称为增材制造技术,被誉为"第三次工业革命"的核心技术,其中金属3D打印被认为是将来制造业的主导方向.金属粉末材料是金属打印的物质基础,同时也是3D打印技术发展的突破点.综述了3D打印金属粉体材料的研究现状,重点介绍了钛合金、铝合金、不锈钢、高温合金和镁合金等5种金属粉体材料在3D打印技术中的应用,并对金属粉体材料的运用进行总结和展望.     

具象性思维方式在成语中的体现

汉语符号系统中所映射出来的是汉民族独特的思维方式。成语是汉语符号系统重要的组成部分,是汉民族文化的精华,在它的形成与演变中,汉民族具象性的思维方式起了决定性的作用。成语中包含大量的“象”,生动而具体,它们所具有的性状和特征就是这些成语所要表达的意义所在。     

数码印前PDF/X输出模式的优势与实践

针对数码印前文件输出的实际应用问题,基于PDF/X数字化文件处理与交流格式的特点,对比分析了PDF/X作为一种数码印前设计文件交流与输出方式时的应用优势;并在教学与应用实践基础上,提出了相关工作建议;解决了数码印前设计教学和实践中的PDF/X主要技术应用问题.     

Microperiodic structures: direct writing of three-dimensional webs

Applications are emerging that require the creation of fine-scale structures in three dimensions--examples include scaffolds for tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices and photonic materials that control light propagation over a range of frequencies. But writing methods such as dip-pen nanolithography and ink-jet printing are either confined to two dimensions or beset by wetting and spreading problems. Here we use concentrated polyelectrolyte inks to write three-dimensional microperiodic structures directly without using masks. Our technique enables us to write arbitrary three-dimensional patterns whose features are nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than those attained with other multilayer printing techniques.     

用内存文件映射实现两进程间的内存共享

文件映射是两进程共享内存的重要方法。用文件映射实现了ＵＳＥＲ和ＮＥＴＷＯＲＫ两进程之间的共享内存,并对其函数和函数的参数进行了解释。     

宋代古船的三维激光扫描技术重建与模型3D打印

针对古文物的完整有效保存,文物研究、修复,以及其可能造成的毁损,提出采用三维激光扫描技术对文物进行数字化重建.构建文物真实三维模型,并通过3D打印技术制作文物的高精度实体复原模型.以宋代古船实体模型重建为例,对所提出的方法进行验证,研究结果表明:三维激光扫描技术和3D 打印技术可以提高文物历史信息的保存和修复效率,避免接触式测量文物造成的表面损坏,提高研究人员对文物分析研究的参与度.但是,对于表面纹理比较复杂的文物,这项技术依然存在精度上的缺陷.