Aerodynamically Assisted Tip-Pen Direct Writing

Scaffolds require individual external shape and well-defined internal structure, which is of great importance for tissue engineering. Rapid prototyping (RP) uses layer-manufacturing strategies to create physical objects and has the advantage on scaffold fabrication. A new RP technology called aerodynamically assisted tip-pen direct writing was developed to construct the complex architectures. Compared with the traditional nozzle, the new nozzle has a micro-tip in the center of the micro-hole. The flow is determined by the gap between the micro-hole and micro-tip, which makes it practical for more accurate flow control. A highly accurate three-dimensional (3-D) micro-positioning system was employed with the new nozzle to deposit maltose structures. 3-D architectures had been made by this method, the width of fiber in which is about 120 μm. The results show that this method provides a possibility to construct 3-D scaffolds with tissue-scale features (i.e., 10-100 μm) without bad influence on the biological activities.     

喷雾冷却沸腾传热强化试验

随喷雾流量及过热度增加,热流密度增大,但热表面中心干涸区变大、液膜覆盖区减小,表面利用率降低,传热性能有提升空间。基于此,通过改变单喷嘴高度、设计微孔阵列喷嘴两种途径,探讨热表面液膜均匀性和喷雾冲击强度对传热的影响规律。结果表明单喷嘴高度存在最佳值(4 mm),此时热表面无干涸区,喷雾冷却沸腾传热性能最强;与喷嘴高度6 mm相比,在喷雾流量为50 mL/min、过热度为20 K时,热流密度提高了13%;微孔阵列喷嘴形成的液膜分布更均匀,使得表面温度也较均匀,当过热度大于10 K,微孔阵列喷雾传热性能更优,比上述工况下单喷嘴的热流密度提高16%。强烈冲击的均匀薄液膜是决定喷雾冷却沸腾传热的关键,为进一步强化喷雾冷却沸腾传热提供了可行的方向。     

3-D Design and Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in the Laser Rapid Prototyping Coaxial Powder Delivery System

The metal powder direct and rapid prototyping technology is one of the most developing methods in the laser rapid prototyping technique. The coaxial powder delivery system is the key technique. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new type of coaxial powder delivery system and simulate the metal powder and shield gas flow in the powder nozzle. 2-D and 3-D model of the new coaxial powder delivery system are established. Then gas-solid two-phase flow model and the k-? turbulent model are selected to simulate the flow of metal powder in powder nozzle. The Euler-Lagrange method is used in the simulating computation. The results show that the new coaxial powder delivery system has stable performance, uniform powder flux, high cooling efficiency, and long useful life.     

离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中7种阴离子研究

研究化学抑制电导-离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中7种阴离子的分析方法．将水样经0．45μm微孔滤膜过滤,经过RP柱处理后连续进样,利用离子色谱仪ICS-3000同时测定F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、Br^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-、PO4^3- 7种阴离子的浓度．试验采用IonPac AS11A分离拄和IonPac AG11A保护柱,淋洗液由淋洗液自动发生器产生,流速为1．2mL／min．保留时间的RSD为0．06％～0．59％,峰面积的RSD为1．06％～2．36％,各离子加标回收率为87．6％～105．7％,标准曲线的相关系数为0．9959～0．9998．该方法具有灵敏、准确、简便等优点,可用于饮用水中7中阴离子的同时分析．     

基于活塞挤出的组织工程支架低温沉积制造工艺

快速成形(RP)工艺可实现个性化制造和可控的材料、结构组成,因此在组织工程中得到广泛应用。该文设计开发基于活塞挤出的材料喷头,对挤出工艺进行探讨与研究,提出采用压力自释放方案解决其流涎问题,并将其应用于低温沉积制造(LDM)工艺。实验表明,基于活塞挤出的LDM工艺可以成形组织工程支架,并且具有广泛的材料适应性,可成形多种生物材料,尤其可成形其他RP工艺难于成形的胶原材料。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定栀子黄、柠檬黄和日落黄色素

采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）法同时测定栀子黄、柠檬黄和日落黄色素.色谱柱采用Symmetry Shield RP8柱（5μm,3.9 mm×150 mm）,流动相：乙腈：水（25：75）,检测波长：440nm,流速：0.8 mL/min,室温下检测,三者在5 min内达到基线分离.此方法具有简单、快速、准确以及灵敏度高等优点.     

肉苁蓉中麦角甾苷含量的测定方法

用HPLC法测定肉苁蓉中麦角甾苷的含量.采用Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(V(甲醇)∶V(水)=35∶65)为流动相(水中含有0.4 mL/L磷酸)等质洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长331 nm,柱温35℃.检测结果表明:麦角甾苷在0.34~2.04μg范围内呈良好线性关系,回归方程为A=192.57C-2.896(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为98.1%,RSD为1.99%(n=5).本方法用于测定肉苁蓉中麦角甾苷的含量,重现性良好、结果准确可靠.     

基于动力沟道追踪的地下流体运移预测方法初步研究

地下流体的分布运移预测既是重要的科学问题,又是重要的应用技术问题.作者提出并发展了基于地震图像分析与动力沟道追踪的地下流体运移预测方法.该方法包括两个主要的步骤:(1)由三维地震振幅数据进行岩石裂缝预测,然后据此构造岩石的视渗透率模型;(2)假设地下流体在压力的驱使下主要沿连通的裂缝系统迁移,通过引入假想的源(与汇),以总阻力最小为准则进行流体迁移路径的动力沟道追踪.该文介绍了所提方法的思路与步骤,给出了流体迁移动力沟道追踪的离散格式、追踪准则及数值实验结果.     

离心式中间包流场的大涡模拟研究

为了研究离心式中间包的流动过程,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法针对3种不同情况,即(a)电磁力加直水口注流;(b)利用钢液的位能使用弯水口注流;(c)电磁力和弯水口注流共同作用,考察了影响旋流强度和中间包内流动结构的工艺参数.结果表明,LES方法可以成功模拟离心式中间包的三维湍流流场.与单纯电磁力或单纯弯水口相比,旋转电磁力和弯水口共同作用时可使水平面的旋流强度显著增强.在原有电磁力作用的基础上,使用弯水口注流可比原流场最大速度值增加约15%~19%.     

Numerical Calculation of Flows in Turbomachinery with Three-dimensional Viscous Codes

A fast and accurate three-dimensional (3-D) viscous code for calculating flows in turbomachinery has been established. In this code, H meshes are adopted to build the discrete equations, and the conservation equations are solved on grid nodes at the corners of cuboid elements. In order to accelerate convergence, local time stepping, residual smoothing and multigrid method are also applied, and the viscous effects are approximated by a very simple mixing length model. For verification of the accuracy and applicability of the method, transonic flows through compressor cascades of NASA rotor 37 and flows through a turbine stator of NASA have been calculated. The good agreement between experimental results and design data has demonstrated the reliability and applicability of the present method, which can be used for simulating the complex 3-D viscous flow phenomenon in turbomachinery.     

微型旋风器分离超细粉尘的性能

针对分级领域中存在的问题,研究微型旋风分级器的分级性能,目的是利用微型旋风分级器将1μm左右的超细粉体从细粉中分离出来.首先建立旋风分级器的分离二维数学模型,模型方程解析证实粉尘分级效率只与Stk数有关,对3种微型旋风器在不同进口风速下进行实验研究.实验结果表明:分级效率与Stk数之间的关系在Rosin-Rammler坐标上为一条直线,用新理论计算的分级效率值较其他理论能更好地接近实验值,是一个相对比较准确的分离效率计算方法.对3组微型旋风器在入口风速为15~25 m/s范围内分级时,分级粒径可以达到0.6μm.     

Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Mold with a Configured Nozzle

The influence of a configured nozzle on the turbulent fluid flow in a continuous casting mold was investigated using the simulation program Visual Cast, which used the finite difference method and the SIMPLER algorithm. CAD software was used to construct the complicated nozzle in the calculational region.The simulation accuracy was validated by comparison with the classic driven cavity flow problem. The simulation results agree well with water modeling experiments. The simulations show that the velocity distribution at the nozzle port is uneven and the jet faces downward more than the nozzle outlet. Simulations with a configured nozzle and the inlet velocity at the nozzle entrance give precise results and overcome the traditional difficulty in determining the nozzle outlet velocity.     

秋葵荚中两种黄酮苷的分离鉴定及含量测定

目的：首次从秋葵荚中分离制备异槲皮苷和槲皮素-龙胆二糖苷对照品并应用高效液相色谱法建立秋葵荚中两种黄酮苷含量的测定方法.方法：色谱柱：Welch Materials XB-C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）;流动相∶甲醇-水（42∶58）;检测波长：256 nm;流速：1 mL.min-1;柱温：30℃.结果：异槲皮苷和槲皮素-龙胆二糖苷进样量分别在0.165μg～0.825μg和0.155μg～0.775μg范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999,r=0.9995）,平均回收率（n=6）分别为99.2%、100.3%.结论：该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于测定秋葵中异槲皮苷和槲皮素-龙胆二糖苷的含量.     

可压缩轴对称冲击射流流场的数值模拟

数值模拟一种可压缩轴对称冲击射流。所构造的数值模拟方法是:直接求解柱坐标系下的二维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的差分离散方程,其中对流项采用基于非等距网格上的五阶精度迎风紧致型差分格式,黏性项采用基于非等距网格上的六阶精度对称紧致型差分格式,时间项采用3步三阶精度Runge-Kutta方法。模拟不同雷诺数、马赫数条件下冲击射流大尺度涡结构的演化过程。结果表明:流体从喷嘴射出后卷起形成一个独立的大尺度负涡,即初生漩涡,它会在壁面处逐渐激发出一个具有正涡量的壁面二次生成涡;初生漩涡和二次生成涡互相旋转挤压,壁面二次生成涡的力量很快占优势,带动初生漩涡向流场内部发展;随马赫数的增大,初生漩涡具有更强的力量,抑制了壁面二次生成涡和其他小尺度负涡的发展;随雷诺数的增大,初生漩涡的力量有所减弱,促进了壁面二次生成涡和其他小尺度负涡的发展。     

运用极值搜索法模拟地震勘探中的二维随机溶洞介质

缝洞型储层是一种很重要的油气储层,但其非均质性很强,目前的随机介质理论已经无法描述缝洞型介质,需要进一步发展缝洞介质建模理论。首先给出了极值搜索法建立二维随机溶洞介质的基本理论;其次,以目前常用的4种随机介质为基础,运用极值搜索法构造了4种二维随机溶洞介质模型;最后,以高斯型随机介质为例,通过建立几种二维随机溶洞介质模型来讨论自相关长度、孔隙度、分区边长对模型的影响。模拟的结果表明,通过选择不同的参数,极值搜索法可以更加方便、灵活、完整地模拟复杂溶洞介质模型。针对渤海某地区浊积扇非均质性强的特点,利用极值搜索法建立了随机溶洞介质,对浊积扇的非均质性进行精细刻画。正演模拟结果表明,浊积扇地震剖面上的反射特征与物源的距离关系密切,从而为浊积扇的识别提供了一定的参考依据。     

[Cd(phen)(NO3)2(H2O)]n:从一维多核配位链通过氢键和芳环堆积相互作用构筑三维超分子网络

通过Cd(NO3)2与邻二氮杂菲(phen)和丁二酸在水-甲醇溶剂中反应制备了一个新型硝酸根桥联配位聚合物[Cd(phen)(NO3)2(H2O)]n(1).用X-射线衍射技术在室温下测定了标题化合物的晶体结构单斜晶系,P21空间群(No.4),晶胞参数a=1.029 79(10)nm,b=0.725 41(7)nm,c=1.030 16(10)nm,β=110.486 0(10)°,V=0.720 88(12)nm3,Z=2.CdⅡ中心离子为六配位,处于由螯合phen配体、硝酸根离子和水所构成的CdN2O4扭曲多面体中.CdⅡ离子之间通过硝酸根离子连接形成一维无限锯齿形配位链,这些一维链通过phen和硝酸根离子间的C H…O相互作用进一步连接成二维结构.此外,这些二维结构之间存在芳环堆积相互作用,且通过层间水-硝酸根离子所组成的O-H…O氢键连接而形成三维超分子结构.     

Middle or low water pressure direct spiral double helix converging nozzle structure optimization and flow field analysis

In order to solve the problem of using middle or low water pressure to form fine water mist,a new nozzle is proposed in fire rescue robot.Existing water mist nozzles are basically used for high pressure and in large size,complex structure and poor low pressure atomization effect in comparison with requirement of snake-like fire rescue robots.On the basis of comprehensive typical spray nozzles,a direct spiral double helix converging nozzle(DSDHCN) is proposed,which has the advantages of small volume,light weight,simple structure,and convenient installation.To make the spray nozzle have good performance,and meet the requirements of more efficient fire extinguishing,a numerical study is carried out to analyze the internal and external full flow field of nozzle.A gas-liquid two-phase flow is applied to simulate the external full flow field of nozzle with VOF model in fluent software.The simulation results show the real situation of water flow out of the atomization nozzle and the water jet trajectory.Some simulations about middle or low water pressure direct spiral double helix converging optimized nozzle have been done in 30 bar pressure.The simulation results show that the optimized nozzle structure not only makes the spray droplets have a good cone angle,but also have a sufficient axial velocity,which proves the structure rationality of the proposed optimized nozzle.     

双辊铸轧铸嘴型腔的三维流动分析

建立了双辊铸轧铸嘴型腔的三维流体流动的数学模型 ,应用数值方法计算铸嘴型腔的流场 ,分析了三维流动现象及其特点 ,把计算的铸嘴出口处的流体速度与实验结果相比较 ,两者基本吻合 并得出结论 :铸嘴型腔的结构是影响流体流动的主要因素之一 常规铸轧常用铸嘴出口处熔体速度相对误差达 2 0 %以上 ,不能满足超薄快速铸轧技术的需要 图 6 ,参 5     

3-D Shape Measurement of Complex Objects by Combining Color-Coded Fringe and Neural Networks

A new approach for three dimensional (3-D) shape measurement was proposed based on color-coded fringe and neural networks. By applying the phase-shift technique to fringe projection, point clouds were generated with high spatial resolution and limited accuracy. The picture element correspondence problem was solved by using projected color-coded fringes with different orientations. Once the high accurate corresponding points were decided, high precision dense 3-D points cloud was calculated by the well trained net. High spatial resolution can be obtained by the phase-shift technique and high accuracy 3-D object point coordinates are achieved by the well trained net, which is not dependent on the camera model and will work for any type of camera. Some experiments verify the performance of this method.     

HPLC法测定丹聪颗粒中丹参素含量

建立了丹聪颗粒中丹参素的含量测定方法:色谱柱为DiamonsilC18柱,(250 mm×6.0 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈—水—冰醋酸(9∶160∶1),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长280 nm.结果表明:该测定方法快速、准确、灵敏、重现性好,实际测定3批样品,丹参素在0.184~1.656μg范围内进样,线性关系良好(r=0.9994),平均加样回收率为97.91%,RSD%值为1.59%.