形状记忆高分子材料的应用现状和发展趋势

形状记忆高分子材料的技术参数可通过物理和化学手段加以激发而改变。综述了形状记忆高分子材料种类、应用、形状记忆机理及展望应用前景。     

形状记忆高分子材料在自拆卸构件中的应用进展

形状记忆高分子材料是一种新型刺激相应型智能材料。本文首先介绍了形状记忆高分子材料的形状记忆效应及其产生该效应的分子机理;并探讨形状记忆高分子材料在自拆卸构件中的应用。同时,展望了其在自拆卸构件设计、应用中的发展趋势。     

形状记忆聚氨酯(PUs)及其在纺织上的应用

对形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆机理及其过程进行了探讨,重点阐述了形状记忆聚氨酯的形状记忆功能及其影响因素,讨论了它在纺织上的应用及有待深入研究的问题。     

新型生物医用高分子材料

我们研制出可生物降解PLLA及其与PCL共聚物。系统分析了该材料的形状记忆特性及其影响因素。探讨了形状记忆特性与微观结构之间的内在关系和本质,同时对其降解行为进行了评价。为开发在力学性能、降解性能及形状记忆特性等方面综合性能更适宜于生物医学应用的可生物降解形状记忆聚合物奠定理论基础。     

天然气水合物井完井用形状记忆材料研制

为了能够更加有效地解决天然气水合物井在完井过程中的出砂问题,保证天然气水合物井的稳产与高产,开展天然气水合物井完井用形状记忆材料的研制。选用PCL/PM 200-体系,采用物理发泡与化学发泡并用的方法,一步法合成了开孔型形状记忆聚氨酯泡沫;在此基础上,对其力学性能、玻璃化转变温度、形状记忆性能、泡孔结构、耐温性能等性能进行了表征与测试。实验测试结果表明,该材料体系合成工艺简单,形状恢复率高,力学性能好,开孔性均匀,耐温性能好,具有玻璃化转变温度,符合温敏型形状记忆材料的变化规律,能够满足天然气水合物完井用形状记忆材料的性能要求。将该体系用于生产天然气水合物井完井用的形状记忆材料,制造形状记忆筛管,为日后天然气水合物的试采和商业开发提供了一种新型的且行之有效的完井手段。     

高韧性形状记忆树脂的制备与性能

通过不同结构的2种固化剂的混杂应用,制备形状记忆树脂.研究形状记忆环氧树脂增韧性能,对不同组份和增韧剂的环氧树脂力学性能和形状记忆性能进行动态力学性能、拉伸性能、形状记忆性能考察,并通过扫描电子显微镜进行断口形貌微观分析.拉伸试验结果表明,增韧剂质量分数为12%的形状记忆环氧树脂的断裂伸长率可达41%,从拉伸应力-应变曲线中可观察到明显的屈服平台,断口形貌的扫描电镜观测结果也表明发生明显的韧性断裂.形状记忆折叠展开实验与动态力学测试表明,玻璃化温度(Tg)在61.1~78.4℃所制备的所有样品均具有良好的形状记忆恢复性能,可满足较广泛应用环境的需求.     

形状记忆合金的宏观力学本构模型

结合作者提出的形状记忆因子的概念,阐述了形状记忆合金（SMA）超弹性和形状记忆效应的微观机理,将SMA的超弹性和形状记忆效应统一归结为形状记忆效应.重新定义了形状记忆因子,并明确了其物理意义.利用SMA在相变过程中马氏体体积分数和相变自由能间的微分关系,建立了描述SMA相变行为的形状记忆演化方程.该形状记忆演化方程能同时考虑相变峰值温度、相变开始和结束温度对SMA相变行为的影响,并能描述SMA从孪晶马氏体向非孪晶马氏体的转变过程,克服了现存SMA相变方程或形状记忆方程的局限性,能更全面准确地描述SMA的相变行为.从宏观力学角度,建立了能全面描述SMA实现形状记忆效应的热力学本构方程,在假设SMA为各向同性材料的基础上,将该本构方程从一维推广到三维.该本构方程中的所有材料参数都可以通过宏观实验测定,比现存三维本构方程更便于工程实际应用.     

Fe—Cr—Ni—Mn—Si不锈铁基合金的形状记忆效应

利用热膨胀仪、光学金相和透射电子显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪等测试方法研究了Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｓｉ不锈铁基合金的形状记忆效应，探索了形变量、形变温度和热处理工艺等因素对其形状记忆效应的影响规律、并对不锈铁基合金的形状记忆机理进行了初步探讨。试验结果表明，经１０５０℃固溶处理，室温拉伸形变在２％（或弯曲角在１２０°）以内，于３５０℃回复后，可获得较好的形状记忆效应。其形状记忆效应来源于形变时产生的大量     

形状记忆智能织物系统热防护性能评价

为提升热防护服的防护性能，该研究基于形状记忆合金丝，开发了10种形状记忆织物，并构建适用于热防护服的温度响应型智能织物系统，探究相邻合金丝间距、形状记忆织物密度和芳纶纱线种类3个因素对形状记忆智能织物系统热防护性能的影响。结果表明：智能织物系统相较于传统热防护织物系统显著降低了织物内表层的温升速率，延长了温升12℃和温升24℃的时间。当合金丝间距为2 cm且使用芳纶1414织造的形状记忆织物纬密为20根/cm时，形状记忆智能织物系统的热防护性能最优。     

溶液法合成聚氨酯的形状记忆材料及其性能

为了得到玻璃化转变温度高于 75℃、可在工程上应用的聚氨酯形状记忆材料 ,以 MDI、双酚 A环氧丙烷加成物和 1,4丁二醇为原料 ,甲苯为溶剂由两步溶液聚合法制备了一种新型的聚氨酯形状记忆材料 ,用 Fourier红外光谱对聚合物的结构进行了分析。以本工艺合成的聚氨酯形状记忆材料的玻璃化转变温度由 TMA方法测得 ,其温度范围在75～ 90℃之间。该聚合物试样在 10 0℃的记忆形状恢复时间不超过 10 s。研究表明 ,当 MDI的比例增加时 ,所得聚氨酯形状记忆材料的玻璃化转变温度升高 ,形状记忆恢复所需的时间缩短。用这种材料试制了铆钉 ,铆合效果相当好     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with