脂肪酶粉催化酯化合成三羟甲基丙烷酯

以辛酸、癸酸和三羟甲基丙烷作为反应底物，利用 Candida sp. 99-125脂肪酶粉催化反应，研究了反应条件对酶法合成三羟甲基丙烷三辛癸酸酯的影响，并在实验中找到一种可以提高酶粉稳定性的添加剂β-环糊精。结果表明，加入0.01 mol三羟甲基丙烷(TMP) (1.34g)，n_{三羟甲基丙烷}/n _{(癸酸+辛酸)}=1∶4，其中n_癸酸∶n_辛酸=1∶1，添加水的质量分数为0.05%(以底物总质量为基准)、脂肪酶粉的质量分数为12%(以底物总质量为基准)、β-环糊精的质量为酶粉质量的1.5倍，40 ℃下在恒温摇床中，振荡反应130 h，转速130r/min。在此条件下，反应产物三羟甲基丙烷三辛癸酸酯(三羟基酯)的质量分数可达到80% 左右，酸与酯分离后收率可达96%；连续使用6批添加了 β-环糊精的脂肪酶粉，三羟基酯的质量分数可保持在60%以上，与固定化酶的使用寿命相当。     

产碱假单胞菌碱性脂肪酶的克隆表达及酶学性质

【目的】为获得可应用于酯类水解及合成的脂肪酶资源,本研究通过筛选分离得到能够水解长链脂肪酸酯的脂肪酶产生菌,克隆表达其脂肪酶基因并研究脂肪酶的酶学性质。【方法】从环境中筛选分离出可水解三硬脂酸甘油酯的菌株,利用16SrDNA对其进行分子鉴定,并扩增其脂肪酶基因和脂肪酶分子伴侣基因。以pET-22b(+)为表达载体,构建共表达重组质粒,转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行异源表达,并对重组酶进行酶学性质研究。【结果】经16SrDNA鉴定该菌株为产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes。通过PCR成功克隆到该菌的脂肪酶基因(lipPA-9A)和脂肪酶分子伴侣基因(lipPA-9B),并构建共表达重组质粒pET22b-lipPA-9A-9B,实现脂肪酶LIP-9A的活性表达。酶学性质研究表明LIP-9A的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH值为10.5,最适反应底物为对硝基苯酚辛酸酯(pNPO);同时,LIP-9A还可以催化醇和羧酸发生酯化反应产生酯类物质。【结论】LIP-9A在碱性条件下具有较高活力,且可以催化酯化反应,在洗涤行业和酯合成领域具有一定的应用价值。     

利用脂肪酶Novozym 435催化转酯反应对映选择性合成(R)-α-硫辛酸的手性前体

利用商品脂肪酶Novozym 435介导的对映选择性转酯反应催化拆分(R,S)-6-羟基-8-氯辛酸乙酯(ECHO),以合成(R)-α-硫辛酸的手性前体。对酶促拆分反应的条件进行了优化,确定了该酶的最适反应条件:以乙酸乙烯酯为酰基供体,最适反应温度为50°C,以异丙醚为反应介质,酶最适上载量为100g/mol ECHO,可以耐受的底物浓度为1mol/L。在产品的克级制备反应中,6h底物转化率为47%,产物(R)-6-乙酰氧基-8-氯辛酸乙酯的对映体过量值(eep)为90%,时空产率高达471g/(L·d),产品总收率为36.3%。该酶法催化的转酯化反应为(R)-α-硫辛酸的合成提供了一条新的途径。     

工业脂肪酶催化菜籽油制备生物柴油的研究

利用工业脂肪酶,以菜籽油为原料,研究甲醇的加入方式、脂肪酶加入量、温度变化、醇油比、有机溶剂用量对生物柴油产率的影响,并根据以上因子进行正交实验,得出了最佳实验条件.结果表明,温度为45℃,脂肪酶添加量为菜籽油量的3%,醇油比为2∶1,用与菜籽油的摩尔比为1∶1的正己烷作为溶剂,同时间歇性滴加正己烷,反应至40h,转化率达到72%.     

脂肪酶催化制备丁酸乙酯的研究

利用脂肪酶BSL2作为催化剂,在有机介质中催化合成丁酸乙酯.考察了反应温度、底物浓度、底物摩尔比、反应介质和初始水活度等反应条件对酶促合成丁酸乙酯的影响.试验结果表明:以正己烷为溶剂,初始水活度为0.33,加酶量为100 mg,丁酸浓度为40 mM,底物摩尔比(丁酸/乙醇)为1∶1.5,在40℃条件下振荡反应30 h,合成丁酸乙酯的的转化率可达到94.8%.     

酿酒酵母表面展示脂肪酶LipB52的酶学性质

酿酒酵母表面展示脂肪酶重组菌株EBY100-pLHJ026在含半乳糖(20 g/L)的YNB-CAA培养基中进行诱导表达,脂肪酶在诱导48 h时酶活达到最高。以不同碳链长度的对硝基苯酚酯为底物对全细胞酶活进行性质检测,结果表明:对硝基苯酚癸酸酯(C10)为最适反应底物;全细胞脂肪酶在pH 8.0时的最适反应温度为37℃,在60℃保温2 h酶活保持90%,在60℃保温3 h酶活保持55%,表现出较好的热稳定性。在等体积二甲基亚砜中处理3 h后酶活保持28.4%。     

正交优化脂肪酶催化菜籽油制备生物柴油

研究了影响脂肪酶LVK催化菜籽油乙醇解的因素,即醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间。并通过正交优化,得出脂肪酶LVK催化菜籽油乙醇解制备生物柴油的最佳反应条件为:醇油摩比4:1、催化剂用量6%、反应温度40℃、反应时间为36 h,产率为79.8%。并利用气相色谱分析了产物中脂肪酸乙酯的组成。     

木瓜脂肪酶催化洛芬类药物的酶促拆分

利用木瓜脂肪酶(CPL)作为催化剂对布洛芬类药物进行手性拆分,建立了底物布洛芬、布洛芬乙酯及其他洛芬类底物的手性检测方法,重点研究了拆分过程中反应温度、有机溶剂、底物结构对拆分效果的影响,并结合动力学分析揭示了木瓜脂肪酶催化手性拆分的分子基础。动力学分析表明对同一底物的不同构型而言,反应速率常数k2S及k2R的差异是木瓜脂肪酶具有手性拆分能力的基础,而不是由于酶对不同构型的底物具有不同的Km值;对一系列化合物的拆分结果表明2-芳基丙酸类手性化合物2位上空间位阻较大的底物比空间位阻小的化合物具有更好的拆分效果。实验表明CPL对洛芬类底物均具有拆分能力,对萘普生的拆分效果最好,经过30h的反应转化率达到49%,反应的对映体选择值(E值)为173。     

酶促棕榈酸鲸蜡酯合成的底物抑制作用

对实验室自制的固定化Candida sp. 99-125脂肪酶在正己烷中催化棕榈酸和鲸蜡醇的酯化反应的动力学机制进行了初步研究,结果表明：反应为动力学控制,不存在扩散限制,底物浓度对反应速率的影响符合Ping-Pong Bi-Bi反应机制。但在不同的底物浓度范围内存在不同程度的底物抑制作用,其中以长链醇的抑制为主。本文根据底物浓度由低到高,划分了三个底物浓度范围,在不同的范围内分别研究了两个底物的抑制作用,并选择不同的动力学模型,求得了动力学常数。     

假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida sp.99-125)催化合成人乳脂替代品及酶重复使用的研究

以三棕榈酸甘油酯(PPP)和油酸(O)为原料,假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida sp.99-125)为催化剂合成人乳脂替代品1,3-二油酸2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)。研究了Candida sp.99-125脂肪酶的催化机理、酶使用量以及Candida sp.99-125脂肪酶的重复使用。研究结果表明：Candida sp.99-125脂肪酶的催化机理是先酸解PPP sn-1位的棕榈酸,然后再与sn-3位的棕榈酸反应;当脂肪酶用量为37500U,反应温度为43℃,经过3h反应后,OPO的转化率可达41.24%;补加初次反应脂肪酶使用量50%的脂肪酶后,重新加入底物反应48h,OPO的转化率可维持在40%左右,且平均反应速率保持稳定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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