家庭联产承包责任制与农业现代化

党的十一届三中全会以来,我国农村发生了许多重大的变化,其中影响最深远的是广泛推行了联产承包责任制。近年来,家庭联产承包责任制以旺盛的生命力在广大农村迅速发展。家庭联产承包责任制(以下简称家庭承包制)受到了广大农民的热烈欢迎,促进了生产,这已是人所共睹的。但是,从长远来看,家庭分散经营,会不会妨碍农业现代化的进程,本文从以下两个方面进行分析探讨:一、农业现代化与农业生产规模之间的关系;家庭承包制与小农经济的关系;农业现代化与劳动组织形式之间的关系。二、中国应该走怎样的农业现代化道路,家庭承包制是否能适应农业现代化的要求。     

我国当前农地产权制度存在的问题分析

我国农地实行家庭联产承包责任制以后，在一定程度上规范了人民公社时期有名无实、残缺不全的农地产权关系，使我国农业在20多年间获得了巨大的经济效益。但时至今日，在工业化和城市化浪潮来袭之际，承包制遇到了出乎意料的挑战。针对面临的挑战本文详细分析了承包制所面临的问题。提出创建现代农地产权制度的基础和前提是明晰土地产权的主体。     

苏联农业承包制

苏联农业多年来一直是国民经济的薄弱环节。为了增加农作物产量,提高农业劳动生产率,苏联政府采取过许多办法,但收效不大。现在苏联正在积极推行农业集体承包制,希望以此提高苏联农业产量。1982年年底,苏联公布了苏联农业部关于农业集体承包制的建议书,以全面推动实行农村集体承包制。实行的结果,已初见成效。1985年11月公布的《苏联1986至1990年和2000年经济和社会发展基本方针草案》肯定了这一农业集体承包制。《草案》在回顾1981—85年的情况时指出,“集体组织和刺激劳动的     

试析我国农村土地制度变革的新路径

在现代市场经济条件下,随着土地社会化和市场交易的发展,我国农村现有的土地制度存在着缺陷,改革势在必行。基于此,本文先阐述了当前家庭承包制的缺陷,接着以马克思的地租理论为依据,提出了完善我国农村土地制度的新路径。     

农业现代化转型进程中的土地制度调整

中国农业正面临着从传统农业向现代农业的转型。现行的家庭联产承包责任制却对实现农业现代化有阻碍作用，如何破解这个难题？这篇文章给我们以启迪：土地股份承包制——新型土地制度模式的设计和实践，将土地所有权和使用权很好地结合起来，且符合中国国情，有很大的生命力。     

试论企业的承包经营

近几年,承包经营责任制在全国迅速推行,取得了显著的成效.现在我们所面临的任务已经不再是要不要推行承包经营责任制,而是如何总结实践经验,使承包制进一步发展完善.本文通过对我国承包经营责任制的系统总结和对中国金杯汽车股份有限公司下属的承包制企业的实地调查,力图从理论与实践相结合的角度,提出完善和发展承包制的基本方法和基本设想.     

全面启动新的农业科技革命（下）——新的农业科技革命对再次振兴农业和农村经济的时代意义

二、在我国全面启动新的农业科技革命，再次振兴农村经济的紧迫性 在世界性新的农业科技革命的进程中，我国有自己的特点和需要。 （一）再次振兴农村经济的客观需要 我国的农业具有极大的复杂性和广泛性，存在着巨大的潜力，每遇到适合的政治、经济、社会和科技的大环境，以及相应的重大举措，就会使农业爆发出强大的生产力，形成一次快速成长期和革命性进展，并持续一个阶段。改革开放以来，农业发生了两次革命性进展，在很大程度上解放和发展了生产力，农业出现阶段性的跃进。第一次是农业家庭承包制的建立，理顺了农村的经济关系，是农…     

贵州家庭农场培育的制度经济学探究

2013年中央一号文件提出,鼓励和支持承包土地向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社流转.“家庭农场”概念首次在中央一号文件中出现.如何对家庭农场这种新型农业经营主体进行政策扶持和制度保障,确保家庭农场健康发展,是当下贵辩农业现代化面临的一个理论和实践课题.笔者通过对贵州家庭农场发展的现状、问题、成因及发展对策进行了分析,初步从制度经济学的层面为贵州家庭农场的发展进行了探究,得出了有益的思考和结论.     

完善草原家庭承包制与北方天然草地可持续管理

北方放牧草地与农田存在本质的区别,农田是私有可再生自然资源,而北方放牧草地是具有显著正外部性的公共可再生自然资源,因此在草原地区简单套用农区家庭承包制存在严重弊病,承包以后没有解决反而恶化了草原的“公地的悲剧”问题,这是导致我国草原近几十年严重退化的主要原因之一。建议:对于北方放牧草地,应主要由政府和管理部门承担维护产权排他性的责任;草原地区的家庭承包制应有所创新,可以家庭为单位承包,但不应鼓励以家庭为单位来利用,应在完成草原土地产权初始配置的基础上允许牧户自主治理,鼓励牧户合作生产;在完善草原家庭承包制的基础上,可能通过多样化的地方自主治理,实现放牧草地多功能优化管理,实现在利用前提下的北方干旱半干旱地区放牧草地的长久治理。     

承包制围而不下的城市——对承包制在农村和城市两种不同结果的分析

从城市工商经济以及农村农业经济生产和组织方式的不同角度，重新审视承包制这一初级制度安排形式在两种架构下的组织效率和激励作用，认为承包制的确是一种和我国农业生产方式结合得非常好的制度安排，但是却不适合中国的城市工商经济。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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