电弧炉粉尘直接还原炉渣氧化和脱硫能力计算热力学

电孤炉炼钢粉尘中含有多种重金属，若填埋弃置会对环境造成污染．将粉尘与还原剂碳粉混合制粒后返回电弧炉，并补充硅铁还原粉尘中难还原的金属，有价金属还原后回收于钢液中，不仅能生产不锈钢或特种钢，而且能保护环境．制粒时使用木质磺酸钙作为粘结剂，而木质磺酸钙中含有硫，可能影响钢材质量，影响程度取决于冶炼过程中炉渣的条件．经改变初始熔铁、球团、硅铁和石灰加入的量比关系进行实验，采用X射线荧光分析仪检测炉渣成分进行计算热力学研究，确定了1550℃时CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe     

皮革厂和线路板厂水处理污泥的固化和浸出毒性研究

工业危险固体废物在进行安全填埋前，需要进行固化／稳定化处理，文章针对皮革厂和线路板厂含重金属的水处理污泥用不同比例的水泥、粉煤灰进行固化／稳定化处理，为模仿酸雨环境，浸出实验采用TCLP标准，线路板厂污泥单独固化时，其漫出液铜离子浓度由2．580mg／L下降为315mg/L，但仍高于危险废物允许进入填埋区的控制限值(50mg／L)，线路板厂污泥与皮革厂污泥混合后固化，浸出毒性明显降低，铜离子的浸出浓度降到1．9mg／L，大大低于国家危险废物允许进入填埋区的控制限值，可直接进行填埋。     

水泥固化铅污染土的碳化机理及碳化度评价

为了探究水泥固化处理重金属污染场地在碳化作用下的微观结构演变规律及碳化度表征指标,选取典型加速碳化7d后的铅污染土试样进行分析.采用X射线衍射、电镜扫描和热重分析等测试方法,分析了碳化作用对矿物成分、铅的赋存形态、孔隙分布特征及孔隙溶液pH值的影响规律.结果表明:固化重金属污染土中Pb主要以硅酸盐、氢氧化物等化学沉淀的...     

废干电池中不可回收再利用物质的无害化处置技术研究

文章研究了采用湿法工艺回收废干电池中Ni、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Ag等过程中产生的不可再利用物质的无害化处置技术的条件和效果。实验结果证明,净化废水所产生的污泥、碳粉粉尘及残渣经固化填埋处理,可达到危险废物安全填埋标准要求,产生的废水采用PAFCS净水剂净化后,可达到国家污水综合排放一级标准要求。     

钻井废物的固化处理

本文在分析钻井废物特性的基础上,选用水泥基和石灰基两种固化体系,以烟灰、蒙脱土为添加剂进行固化试验。实验表明,经处理后的钻井废物,重金属格和COD的浸出量都降低了95%以上,产物稳定性好,从而能减少它时环境的污染。文中还讨论了影响固化效果的一些因素。     

固化/稳定化重金属污染土力学及浸出特性试验研究

为解决传统固化剂在固化/稳定化法处理重金属复合污染土和重度污染土方面存在的不足,研发了一种新型固化剂。以人工制备的Pb、Cd、Cu复合重金属污染土壤为研究对象,开展了室内无侧限抗压强度试验、毒性浸出试验。在此基础上分析了固化体力学特性、浸出特性等随养护龄期、污染土粒径、重金属污染水平的变化规律。以某金矿区三处重金属污染土壤为治理对象,开展了相关测试,验证了新型固化剂对于重金属污染土的固化效果。研究表明：新型固化剂对于复合重金属污染土和重度污染土的效果较好;固化体无侧限抗压强度随养护龄期的增加而增大,随重金属污染水平、污染土粒径的增加而降低,固化体强度达17.35-33.45 MPa,均能满足固废填埋标准及建筑材料强度要求;重金属浸出浓度随养护龄期的增加而降低,随着污染土粒径和污染水平的增加而增加,浸出浓度均远低于（<0.1%）浸出安全标准限值,固化率>99.99%。所研发的高效重金属污染土固化剂,可用于重金属污染场地的固化修复及资源化利用。     

电镀行业污染土固化体无侧限抗压强度演化规律研究

电镀行业在生产过程中会对周边区域的土壤造成严重的重金属污染。以电镀行业重金属复合污染土壤为研究对象,选用水泥作为固化/稳定化胶凝材料对污染土进行固化稳定化处理,以污染土固化体的无侧限抗压强度(UCS)为目标,通过对固化材料配比的优化,在实验室中对不同养护龄期重金属污染土固化体的UCS进行了测试,并通过X射线衍射分析,探讨了重金属对固化体强度的影响及水泥对重金属的稳定化机理。结果表明：材料配比优化后的重金属污染土固化体在养护3天时的UCS即可满足EPA的推荐值;重金属离子会在养护初期(1天)对水泥的水化形成明显的阻滞作用,从而使固化体在养护初期的UCS显著降低;此外,重金属离子会使水泥的水化向次级反应进行,生成强度较低的钙钒石,并降低固化体在整个养护期内的UCS;水泥的水化反应对于重金属Pb的稳定化作用除了会使其转化氢氧化物的沉淀之外,还会使其转化为稳定的化合物。     

成分对垃圾飞灰熔融过程重金属迁移的影响

熔融处理可以有效控制垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属污染 ,飞灰成分对重金属的迁移特性有重要影响 ,研究了飞灰成分和碱度对 6种重金属迁移固化的影响规律。在自行设计的小型实验台上开展飞灰熔融实验 ,飞灰碱度在 0 .6～4 .6范围内变化。为评价多种重金属综合固化效果提出一个简明的评价模型。在 14 6 0℃、空气气氛下熔融处理时 ,加入Ca O后除了 Cd外各种重金属的固化率均下降 ,而加入 Si O2后多数金属固化率增加。存在一个临界碱度值可以实现重金属的最佳固化 ,实验得到的临界碱度在 1.0附近     

电镀行业污染土固化体无侧限抗压强度演化规律

电镀行业在生产过程中会对周边区域的土壤造成严重的重金属污染。以电镀行业重金属复合污染土壤为研究对象,选用水泥作为固化/稳定化胶凝材料对污染土进行固化稳定化处理,以污染土固化体的无侧限抗压强度(UCS)为目标,通过对固化材料配比的优化,在实验室中对不同养护龄期重金属污染土固化体的UCS进行了测试,并通过X射线衍射分析,探讨了重金属对固化体强度的影响及水泥对重金属的稳定化机理。结果表明:材料配比优化后的重金属污染土固化体在养护3 d时的UCS即可满足EPA的推荐值。重金属离子会在养护初期(1 d)对水泥的水化形成明显的阻滞作用,从而使固化体在养护初期的UCS显著降低;此外,重金属离子会使水泥的水化向次级反应进行,生成强度较低的钙钒石,并降低固化体在整个养护期内的UCS;水泥的水化反应对于重金属Pb的稳定化作用除了会使其转化为氢氧化物的沉淀之外,还会使其转化为稳定的化合物。     

城市垃圾焚烧飞灰理化性质及处理技术

焚烧法处理城市垃圾已在世界先进发达国家广泛采用,而城市垃圾焚烧处理引起的二次污染问题已引起人们的高度关注,特别是垃圾焚烧飞灰的安全有效处置成为急需解决的环境和社会问题．通过分析垃圾焚烧飞灰的物理化学性质,对目前国内外城市垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术进行了系统分析和讨论,归纳出目前国内垃圾焚烧飞灰处理的主要方式为安全填埋、固化稳定化和重金属提取,提出适合于中国垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处理的途径和方式：开发先进的焚烧炉,加强对入炉垃圾的控制：研究稳定效果好、处理成本低的化学稳定剂以及有效的重金属分离提取方法,以减少垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属造成的二次污染．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to