管内四孔通道后不可压湍流流动的LDV测量

运用偏振分离型ＬＤＶ系统对流经管内四孔通道的不可压湍流流动过程进行了测量研究。结果表明，通孔下游附近，流动具有湍动射流特征；管壁附近存在明显的回流再附区、在轴向时均速度分布趋于稳定前后，轴向湍流度由大于切向湍流度变化至两者近似相等。     

轴对称紊流射流流场数值模拟

选取标准的Ｋ－ε二方程模型及优选的紊流模型系数，运用有限差分方法对淹没轴对称紊流射流流场进行数值计算．计算结果表明，射流轴心速度是逐渐衰减的，其衰减规律和射流出口雷诺数无关，无因次等速核长度（Ｌ／Ｄ）约为４～５，和实验数据符合较好．对射流径向速度Ｖ沿径向截面的分布及射流基本段内轴向速度分布的相似住进行了预测．     

高分子添加剂射流结构特性

针对实际钻井过程中洗井液内大都加入了高分子添加剂的特点,探索了高分子聚合物对射流结构特性的影响规律。用试验方法对淹没状态下高分子添加剂射流轴向动压力分布进行了研究。结果表明,在合适的浓度范围内,高分子添加剂可以降低流体在管路中和喷嘴处的能量损耗,提高射流在喷嘴出口处的速度和动压力,并使圆射流的等速核增长。高分子添加剂射流的动压力分布具有自模性,但在淹没条件下,添加剂射流的衰减速度比清水射流快,并存在一个最优添加剂浓度。破岩试验的结果表明,高分子添加剂能够提高射流的破岩能力     

小特征比等温湍流矩形射流的试验研究

本文通过实验对小特征比(2,4,8)的矩形管道喷口射流作了研究;给出了热线风速仪的测量结果,即近场区的时均特性和湍流特性,包括轴心线上的时均速度衰减和湍流量的变化、射流横截面上的时均速度和湍流量的分布、射流半宽度特性及主副轴的转换特性.文中将所得结果与前人完成的大特征比矩形射流的实验结果做了对比,并进行了有益的讨论.     

高分子添加剂射流结构特性

针对实际对钻井过程中洗井液内大都加入不高分子添加剂的特点，探讨了高分子聚合物对射流结构特性的影响规律。用试验方法对淹没状态下高分子添加剂射流轴向压力分布进行了研究，结果表明，在合适的浓度的范围内，高分子添加剂可以降低流体在管道占和喷嘴处的能量抽耗，提高射流在同口处的速度和动压力，并使圆射流的等速核增长，高分子添加射充的动压力分布具有自模性，但在淹没有条件下，添加剂射流的衰减速度比清水射流快，并存在     

空气射流场温度和速度的测量

冲击射流的应用范围很广，但对于轴对称的冲击射流，目前的试验研究工作却进行的很少．这里所描述的试验是用来测定从圆形孔排出的受热空气射流的特性参数．本试验测定了空气射流内的平均轴向速度和滞止温度，以及在一个和射流轴线相垂直的绝热板上的恢复温度，从而了解了空气射流的特性，并为进一步研究空气射流的特性参数对对流换热系数的影响做了充分的准备工作．     

在TMS320C80上实现的一种可变长解码算法

为提高在ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ８０上开发Ｈ．２６３全软件解码系统的解码速度，减少片内ＲＡＭ与片外数据交换，提出了一种可变长解码（ＶＬＤ）算法．该算法根据Ｃ８０的高速并行处理能力和只有很小片内存储空间等特点，对ＶＬＤ码表进行设计．使用该算法，在Ｃ８０的一个片内ＲＡＭ中就能存放Ｈ．２６３的所有ＶＬＤ码表．为与目前较常用的逐位查找解码树方法和ＲｅｚａＨ方法比较，对ＭｉｓＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎ图象序列的７０帧图象进行实验，其解码速度是逐位查找解码树方法的２倍，比ＲｅｚａＨ方法快９．４％，最终可实现ＣＩＦ格式的１２．５帧／ｓ的解码速率．该方法同样适用于分析中需考虑内存及解码速度的其他系统中．     

机舱通风口冲击射流湍流特征分析及验证

以机舱个性化通风口为背景,对自由射流加壁面冲击射流,采用几种湍流模型数值分析了10倍冲击高度、雷诺数为9,000的气流遇到冲击板后湍流脉动、流动转折等流动特征.探讨了湍流模型对冲击射流关键位置平均速度、脉动速度以及雷诺应力等流动参数特征的模拟能力,通过与实验测量结果的对比,确定了湍流模型在冲击射流中的适用性和局限性.综合来看,Relizable k-ε模型可以得到与实验值较好的符合度,但在近壁面区域会略有偏差.分析结果认为将RANS和LES组合将是开展实际机舱内通风口射流研究的最佳策略.     

矩形射流流动的大涡模拟

为探讨矩形射流中的拟序运动特征,用大涡模拟方法(LES)对三维矩形射流流动过程进行了数值模拟。统计平均的流向速度横向分布曲线在发展区某些位置上呈现"马鞍型"分布,速度峰值偏离中心轴线,与圆射流显著不同,这与已有的实验和直接数值模拟(DNS)结果吻合良好。计算结果表明,在发展区湍流脉动最强,且应力的横向分布不均匀。随着流向距离的增大,速度功率谱(PSD)曲线呈现峰值向低频移动的现象。速度的PSD分布表明:矩形射流中拟序运动主要位于射流的核心区末端和发展区,射流发展区中的拟序运动具有明显的时间准周期性。     

离心泵蜗壳内部清水流动测量

利用ＬＤＶ分别测量了最优和小流量工况下矩形断面蜗壳内３个断面内的清水平均流动．实 验发现,蜗壳内部液体绝对速度的圆周分速度比径向分速度大一个数量级;蜗壳内存在螺旋运动; 蜗壳断面内流体角动量不守恒;无论在最优还是在小流量工况,蜗壳内部流动都是扩压流动;在小 流量工况,扩压更为严重．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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