Ai(i-Bu)_3-La(AA)_3-H_2O催化的环氧乙烷聚合作用

详细研究了在 Al( i - Bu) 3- La( AA) 3- H2 O的催化下环氧乙烷的均聚反应和与环氧丙烷的共聚反应情况 .实验发现在该催化剂的作用下 ,以甲苯为反应介质 ,在 n [Al( i - Bu) 3]∶ n [La( AA) 3]为 1 6～ 1 0 ,n [Al( i- Bu) 3]∶ n [H2 O]为 1∶ ( 1～ 3) ,n (单体 )∶ n [La( AA) 3]为 1 0 0 0∶ ( 1～ 3) ,n (单体 )∶ n [Al( i - Bu) 3]为 1 0 0∶ ( 1～ 3) ,45℃预聚 2 h,85～ 90℃聚合 1 0 h的条件下 ,催化剂的活性高 ,聚合速率大 ,所得产物的平均相对分子质量高 .以水为溶剂 ,在 30℃测得环氧乙烷均聚物的 Mv=31 0× 1 0 4 ;在 m (环氧乙烷 )∶ m (环氧丙烷 )为 1 95∶ 1 5时 ,其共聚物的 Mv=380×1 0 4 ,且产物有较好的水溶性     

Ai(i-Bu)3-La(AA)3-H2O催化的环氧乙烷聚合作用

详细研究了在Al(i-Bu)3-La(AA)3-H2O的催化下环氧乙烷的均聚反应和与环氧丙烷的共聚反应情况.实验发现在该催化剂的作用下,以甲苯为反应介质,在n[Al(i-Bu)3]∶n[La(AA)3]为16～10,n[Al(i-Bu)3]∶n[H2O]为1∶(1～3),n(单体)∶n[La(AA)3]为1000∶(1～3),n(单体)∶n[Al(i-Bu)3]为100∶(1～3),45℃预聚2h,85～90℃聚合10h的条件下,催化剂的活性高,聚合速率大,所得产物的平均相对分子质量高.以水为溶剂,在30℃测得环氧乙烷均聚物的v=310×104;在m(环氧乙烷)∶m(环氧丙烷)为195∶15时,其共聚物的v=380×104,且产物有较好的水溶性.     

6066Al/SiC_p复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能

研究了经制粉→混料→真空抽气→热挤压工艺制备的 6 0 6 6Al SiCp 复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能 .复合材料的阻尼特征通过动态机械热分析仪 (DMTA)测量 ,得出了 2种不同SiC含量的 6 0 6 6Al SiCp 复合材料及 6 0 6 6Al合金在温度为 30～ 2 5 0℃ ,频率为 0 .1,1,10和 30Hz时的阻尼值 .利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对复合材料组织特征进行了分析 ,根据组织特征及阻尼数据对复合材料的阻尼机制进行了讨论 .结果表明 :将 2～ 3μm的SiC颗粒加入6 0 6 6Al中 ,当SiC含量为 7% (体积分数 )时 ,增强的SiC颗粒分布较均匀 ,与基体结合良好 ;当SiC含量为 12 %时 ,SiC易聚集成团 .少量SiC能明显提高 6 0 6 6Al的阻尼能力 ,尤其是高温阻尼性能 ;6 0 6 6Al SiCp 复合材料的高阻尼性能主要是SiC颗粒加入后使位错密度大大增加 ,基体晶界及基体与SiC颗粒界面的存在使材料在循环载荷下消耗能量所致 .     

Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)范德华异质结材料的几何结构、电子结构和弹性性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法,系统地研究了Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)范德华异质结材料的电子结构和弹性性质.根据能带结构,电子态密度和Mulliken布局分布情况,分析了Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)的电子性质和价键性质.采用广义梯度近似(GGA)计算方法,计算分析了Ti3SiC2/Zr和Ti3AlC2/Zr两种异质结材料的弹性性质和力学稳定性.研究结果表明,Ti3SiC2/Zr和Ti3AlC2/Zr具有较大的各向异性和较好的力学稳定性.且在相同应力的作用下,Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)范德华异质结材料的形变小于MAX相材料Ti_3AC_2(A=Si,Al)的形变,但大于Zr金属的形变.     

不同纯度Ti3SiC2的摩擦磨损行为

利用盘块式高速摩擦试验机,在滑动速度为20 m/s、法向载荷范围为0.2～0.8 MPa的条件下,试验研究了高纯度钛硅碳Ti3SiC2材料及含碳化钛TiC的Ti3SiC2材料的摩擦与磨损行为.两种材料的摩擦系数随着压力的增大都呈现出先增加后平缓减小的趋势,高纯度Ti3SiC2材料的磨损率随着压力的增加呈减小趋势,而含TiC的Ti3SiC2材料的磨损率随着压力增加呈先减小后增加的趋势.扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)的观察和分析结果表明,在Ti3SiC2的摩擦表面有摩擦生成氧化层的存在.该氧化层具有降低摩擦系数和磨损率的自润滑作用.     

超高石灰铝法去除水中氯离子的实验研究

采用超高石灰铝法去除废水中的氯离子,考察了n(Ca)/n (Al)比、n(Al)/n (Cl)比、反应时间和Cl~-初始浓度对Cl~-去除率的影响,结果显示:当n(Ca)∶n(Al)∶n(Cl)为6. 0∶3. 5∶1. 0,温度为35℃,转速为250 r/min,反应4 h时,废水中的Cl~-浓度可从1 000 mg/L降低到209. 8 mg/L,去除率高达79%,且绝大部分反应发生0 0. 5 h,Cl~-的单位去除速率高达1 375 mg/(L·h),极大地提高了其工程应用价值.     

高纯Ti3SiC2块体的热压原位合成及性能研究

以Ti、Si和石墨粉为原料,以少量的Al为反应助剂,用反应热压(HP)工艺在1 450 ℃和25MPa下2 h制得纯度为97%、相对密度为98.45%、粒度为5～10 μm的Ti3SiC2多晶块体.其弯曲强度为407 MPa、室温电阻率为0.22×10-6 Ω·m、维氏硬度为3.97 GPa.与Barsoum和Ei-Raghy在1 600 ℃和40 MPa下烧结4 h获得的样品相比,本样品显示了较低的弯曲强度,基本相同的纯度、电阻率和硬度.     

稀土改性固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-La2O3的制备及其催化性能

制备了稀土改性固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2-La2O3环境友好催化剂,并以丁酸丁酯的合成作为探针反应,系统考察了原料摩尔比n(La3+)∶n(Ti4+)、硫酸浸渍时间、焙烧温度、活化时间等制备条件对SO24-/TiO2-La2O3催化活性的影响.实验表明:制备催化剂的适宜条件是原料摩尔比n(La3+)∶n(Ti4+)=1∶34,浸渍浓度为0.8 mol.L-1,浸渍时间为24 h,焙烧温度为480℃,活化时间3 h.利用优化条件下制备的催化剂SO24-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成缩醛(酮),在醛/酮与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)的投料摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物总投料质量的0.5%,反应时间为1 h条件下,10种缩醛(酮)的产率为41.4%～95.8%.     

均匀沉淀（尿素水解）法合成CO32-型MgAl-LDH

采用均匀沉淀法(尿素水解法)合成了高结晶度的CO32-型MgAl-LDH,探索了温度和时间对产物的影响.研究发现,n(Mg)/n(Al)进料比为2时,较低反应温度(如100℃)下很难得到n(Mg)/n(Al)=2的LDH.这可能与Mg(OH)2溶解度较高,Mg2+难以与Al3+一同沉淀有关.为提高产物n(Mg)/n(Al),我们采用提高n(Mg)/n(Al)投料比(如3∶1,4∶1,5∶1)的方法.研究发现,反应时间较短时,可得较纯的LDH相,但产物的n(Mg)/n(Al)远低于进料比;若反应时间延长,会出现水菱镁矿(hydromagnesite)和菱镁矿(magnesite,MgCO3)的杂相.由此推断,为得到高n(Mg)/n(Al)的LDH,不能单纯增加n(Mg)/n(Al)进料比,其他条件如尿素浓度,尤其是反应温度等也需改变.     

层状化合物K_(0.81)Li_(0.27)Ti_(1.73)O_4的氢离子交换反应与胺剥层反应

采用固相法合成层状化合物K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4,考察不同原料配比、反应时间及反应温度等条件对其氢离子交换反应和有机胺插层剥层反应的影响.结果表明:在0.1～14mol/L的HNO3溶液中K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4均可以通过氢离子交换生成H1.08Ti1.73O4·H2O固体钛酸,若反应温度高,则产物容易转变成TiO2.合适的氢离子交换条件是:室温下浸泡4～7d,n(HNO3)∶n(KLiTiO)=10～20,c(HNO3)=1～10mol/L.在正丙胺(n-PA)和正丁胺溶液中H1.08Ti1.73O4·H2O均可以进行插层剥层反应.反应温度高和有机胺与H1.08Ti1.73O4·H2O的物质的量比过小都容易使生成物转变成TiO2相.理想的插层剥层反应条件为:120℃,反应1d,n(n-PA)∶n(HTiO)=20～100.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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