轮南周缘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相发育规律

塔里木盆地轮南周缘地区奥陶系发育良好,主要由海相碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑岩组成。沉积相分析表明,中下奥陶统鹰山组为区域性的开阔台地相台内滩夹滩间海沉积,中奥陶统一间房组为区域性的海水变浅的开阔台地浅滩夹点礁沉积,上奥陶统吐木休克组发育沉没台地－斜坡相,上奥陶统良里塔格组是在晚奥陶世海侵背景下碳酸盐岩台地边缘－斜坡相的沉积产物。研究区奥陶系发育两期礁滩体,第一期礁滩体发育于中奥陶统一间房组,第二期礁滩体发育于上奥陶统良里塔格组上部,两期礁滩体的发育环境和分布范围各具特色。奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积相带总体上呈近南北向展布,各相带在近东西方向上错落有序分布,并且随时间发生明显的侧向迁移。     

Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic compositions of Middle–Upper Ordovician sandstones from the Quruqtagh area,eastern Tarim Basin:implications for sedimentary provenance and tectonic evolution

Figuring out whether the sedimentary provenance regions of the thick deep-water turbidite systems deposited during Middle–Upper Ordovician in South Quruqtagh are the intracontinental uplifts or the peripheral orogenic belts is of great significance for us to understand the tectono-sedimentary nature of the northeastern Tarim Basin and basin-range coupling processes in the middle Paleozoic.This paper reports the in situ LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages and Hf isotope data on detrital zircons from two Middle–Upper Ordovician sandstone samples which were collected from the Charchag Formation and the Zatupo Formation in South Quruqtagh,respectively.The results show that the studied two samples have extremely similar U–Pb age patterns and Hf isotopic compositions,reflecting multiphase tectonothermal events with age groups of 527–694,713–870 Ma(peaking at 760 Ma),904–1,090,1,787–2,094 Ma(peaking at 1,975 Ma)and 2,419–2,517 Ma.Combining previous studies,the presence of age groups of 713–1,090 and1,787–2,094 Ma,respectively,demonstrates that Tarim had ever been a part of Rodinia and Columbia supercontinent.Moreover,98%of 713–870 Ma detrital zircons are characterized by negative e Hf(t)values ranging from-38.07 to-0.61,which are highly consistent with those of Neoproterozoic granites from the Quruqtagh area.No Early Paleozoic ages(*470–500 Ma)signifying subduction or collision events in Altyn Tagh were detected in the two samples,indicating that the Middle–Late Ordovician sediments in South Quruqtagh and northern Mangar depression were mainly derived from intracontinental uplifts,i.e.,the North Quruqtagh uplift or the Tabei paleo-uplift,rather than the Altyn Tagh.In conjunction with regional sedimentary-tectonic background and previous studies,we proposed preliminarily that the northeastern Tarim remained as a passive continental margin in Late Ordovician and changed into an active-continental margin in Silurian due to the southward subduction of the South-Tianshan Ocean.     

柴达木盆地西部侏罗系油气勘探前景

柴达木盆地西部的侏罗系发育中、下侏罗统大、小煤沟组和上侏罗统采石岭组、红水沟组两套地层。中、下侏罗统以暗色含煤建造为主,暗色泥页岩发育;上侏罗统以氧化环境下沉积的红色碎屑岩建造为主,不具备生烃能力。区域地质调查及地震解释资料揭示中、下侏罗统湖相暗色泥页岩分布广、残留厚度大, 在清水沟和月牙山北分别发育了288m和256m厚的烃源岩。有机地球化学分析表明烃源岩有机碳含量平均达1.62%;有机质类型以Ⅱ2型为主,部分为Ⅲ型;正处于成熟阶段的生、排烃高峰期,具有较强的生烃能力。该区生储盖匹配良好,圈闭发育,具有较好的石油地质条件和良好的油气勘探前景。     

塔中地区油气资源评价

系统评价了塔里木盆地塔中地区的烃源岩,采用盆地数值模拟方法定量计算了塔中地区的生、排烃数量。研究表明,塔中地区的油气运移聚集主要发生于早古生代和晚古生代的几次构造运动期间,聚集的油气曾遭受过严重的破坏,塔中地区的构造演化对塔中地区的油气聚集起着至关重要的作用。寒武系和下奥陶统烃源岩生排油时间较早,因此对现今已发现的油藏贡献不大,而晚排出的天然气有利于聚集;中上奥陶统烃源岩生排油延续时间较长,对塔中的油气聚集有实质性的贡献。     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower ()rdovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as “oil families“, although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any “oil family“. Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the/rower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new “oil family“ within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

塔里木盆地石油地质基本特征

全面系统地总结并提出塔里木盆地１０大石油地质基本特征：（１）塔里木盆地为一古生界克拉通盆地与中新生界前陆盆地组成的大型叠合复合型盆地；（２）塔里木盆地经历了多期构造运动及多个演化发展阶段；（３）塔里木盆地主要有寒武—奥陶系、石炭—二叠系，三叠—侏罗系３套烃源岩；（４）塔里木盆地发育多套深埋优质储层及５套良好储盖组合；（５）塔里木盆地油气水性质复杂、油气藏类型丰富多样；（６）塔里木盆地富油又富气，天然气藏以凝析气藏为主；（７）塔里木盆地既有陆相油气，又有海相油气，已发现的石油以海相成因为主，天然气以陆相成因为主；（８）塔里木盆地已发现的油气藏以中小型为主，具有埋深大、丰度低、产能高的特点；（９）塔里木盆地具有多个成油气系统、多期成藏及油气多次运移再分配的特点；（１０）塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂，油气聚集受多重因素制约     

新疆三塘湖盆地烃源岩特征

新疆三塘湖盆地主要有三套烃源岩:中生界上三叠统和中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古生界上二叠统湖相低熟烃源岩和古生界下二叠统和石炭系湖相成熟烃源岩.烃源岩在马朗凹陷、条湖凹陷和汉水泉凹陷均有分布,岩性主要为暗色泥岩、煤和碳质泥岩.最有利的烃源岩为马朗凹陷中有机质丰度高、类型好、油气生成量大且碳酸盐岩含量高的上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩.     

A regional tectonic event of Katian (Late Ordovician) age across three major blocks of China

The present paper deals with a tectonic event of Late Ordovician age affecting three blocks of China,i.e.South China,North China and Tarim.In the North China and the Tarim platforms,as well as their marginal belts,there was a regional uplift during the early Katian Stage of the Ordovician.The uplift was indicated by the unconformities between the Ordovician successions and overlying late Paleozoic strata.New biostratigraphic studies of conodonts and graptolites from many sections at Longxian and Yaoxian,North China shows that the youngest Ordovician strata are of the early Katian age corresponding to graptolite Diplacanthograptus spiniferus Biozone.The same level has been recognized to represent the uppermost Ordovician in the platform area of Tarim,whereas in the marginal belt the top boundary of the Ordovician is slightly younger,corresponding to the graptolite Dicellograptus complanatus Biozone.Thus,the regional uplift in North China and Tarim is shown by the disconformity between the early Katian strata and Late Paleozoic strata,the onset coinciding with that of the Kwangsian Orogeny in South China.The designation Kwangsian Orogeny later fell into disuse and was replaced by the term Caledonian Orogeny.However,in terms of geographic location,tectonic nature,and the timing of activity,the Caledonian Orogeny differs significantly from the orogenic event in South China,and the continued use of this term in South China is inappropriate and misleading.     

Molecular fossils and oil-source rock correlations in Tarim Basin, NW China

The distribution of "molecular fossils" (bio-markers) of steroid compounds in extracts from some spe-cific geologic age in the Tarim Basin have been analyzed andare used as the fingerprints for the oil-source rock correla-tion. Having been affected by maturation, migration, phasefractionation and biodegradation, not any molecular fossilsrelated to source and environment can be used as the finger-prints for oil-source rock correlation. Some special bio-markers widely existed in the extracts from Cambrian andOrdovician rocks in the Tarim Basin and showed obviousdifference in each stratum, including dinosteranes (C₃₀),4-methyl-24-ethyl-cholestanes (C₃₀) and their aromatizedsteroids, C₂₄-norcholestanes and C₂₈ steranes originated fromdinoflagellates and diatom. Few oils such as the heavy oildrilled in the Cambrian reservoir from Tadong 2 well (TD2)correlated well with the extracts from the Cambrian. Theamazing similarity of the relative contents of these com-pounds between the marine oils produced in Tazhong andTabei uplifts and the extracts from the Upper Ordoviciansuggests that the Middle-Upper Ordovician is the very likelymain source for the marine oils.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气的运移特征

鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气运移是迄今研究比较薄弱的重要问题 .在前人工作的基础上 ,依据实际的地质和地球化学资料 ,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳天然气的运移特征 .研究认为 ,以靖边为中心的中部气区是天然气运移的有利区 .奥陶系风化壳天然气的运移较为复杂 ,既有奥陶系来源天然气的侧向运移 ,又有上覆石炭—二叠系来源天然气的穿层运移 .这与研究区的构造演化、古流体等研究结果相吻合     

黄骅盆地孔西构造带的构造演化特征

通过平衡剖面技术复原古构造演化 ,并结合区域构造分析 ,可将孔西构造带的发育过程大致分为三个构造变形阶段 :晚三叠世末期为挤压褶皱变形期 ;晚三叠世沉积后至侏罗系沉积前为逆冲构造变形期 ;早—中侏罗世为逆冲构造“轻度”渐进变形期。晚侏罗世以后 ,区域构造作用发生反转。随着晚侏罗—早白垩世、早第三纪裂陷盆地的发育 ,孔西构造带作为潜山构造被掩埋。裂陷盆地时期的伸展构造对孔西构造带前第三系的逆冲构造基本上没有大的改造     

Observation of hydrocarbon generation and migration of highly-matured carbonates by means of laser-induced fluorescence microscopy

Some important information on hydrocarbon generation, inclusion and migration in highly-matured carbonates of lower Palaeozoic age from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin hasbeen analyzed by a newly-combined laser-induced fluorescence microscope (LFM) designed by our laboratory. The following information has been obtained from the lower Ordovician lamellar carbonates with equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Ro) as high as 1.6%-1.7% and residual TOC of 0.14%-0.35% from the Ordos Basin: wide occurrences of oil and source macerals with strong fluorescence, including G. Prisca alginite, lamalginite, telalginite and algae-detrinite; fluorescing asphalt among mineral crystals; some groundmass and spheroid-like reservoir bitumen with high maturation levels in the pores of dolomites. Various kinds of fluorescing organic inclusions and asphalt have been found in the carbonates, calcareous shales and silt-shales with high maturation levels from the Cambrian-Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. All this helps us find and evaluate significant and excellent source rocks for large-and middle-scale gas fields. The net and micro-net systems for hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and migration in carbonates have been revealed by the highly-powered laser-induced fluorescence microscopy.     

Thermochemical sulfate reduction in fossil Ordovician deposits of the Majiang area: Evidence from a molecular-marker investigation

The main reservoirs of Majiang fossil deposits consist of the Silurian Wengxiang group, dominantly sandstones, and the Ordovician Honghuayuan formation, dominantly carbonate rocks, and the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation mudstones serve as the major source rocks. Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) might have taken place in the Paleozoic marine carbonate oil pools, as indicated by high concentrations of dibenzothiophenes in the extracts (MDBT=0.27–4.32 μg/g extract, and MDBT/MPH= 0.71–1.38). Hydrocarbons in the Pojiaozhai Ordovician carbonate reservoirs have undergone severe TSR and are characterized by higher quantities of diamondoids and MDBT and heavier isotopic values (δ ¹³C=?28.4‰). The very large amounts of dibenzothiophenes might be products of reactions between biphenyls and sulfur species associated with TSR.     

Geochemical characteristics and source rock of Ordovician gas reservoir, Changqing Gasfield

Carbon isotopic composition of methane in Ordovician gas reservoir in the Changqing Gasfield can reflect the dominance of Upper Paleozoic coaltype gas despite its high mature degree. The¹²C-rich ethane in the Ordovician reservoir (δ¹³C₂ < −29%), known as a marker as oiltype gas, does not indicate the Ordovician marine carbonate as main source rock, it is because of the relative less ethane content in coaltype gas than in oiltyped gas due to generation and migration. The way of Upper Paleozoic coaltype gas migrating into the Ordovician reservoir is widely through the unconformlty instead of only through the erosion groove in the weathering crust.     

维也纳盆地石油地质特征与勘探潜力探讨

通过分析维也纳盆地的地层和断裂发育特征, 总结该盆地的石油地质特征, 并对该盆地的勘探潜力进行探讨。维也纳盆地是位于东阿尔卑斯与西喀尔巴阡褶皱带之间的走滑拉分盆地, 具有波西米亚和古生界至中生界双重基底, 构造演化分为侏罗纪伸展断陷、白垩纪至早中新世逆冲推覆和中新世中期盆地拉分3 个阶段。维也纳盆地自下而上形成3 个构造层, 分别为侏罗系至白垩系原地沉积层、二叠系至古近系外来推覆体沉积层和新近系沉积层。维也纳盆地发育上侏罗统泥灰岩和古近系页岩两套烃源岩, 上侏罗统启莫里阶Malmian 组泥灰岩是主要的烃源岩。储层分布于三叠系至新近系中新统的各个层段, 其中最重要的储层为中新统浅水三角洲相砂岩, 其油气储量占总储量的 76%, 其次为三叠系亮晶白云岩。区域盖层为新近系页岩。综合评价认为, 中生界外来推覆体(复理石浊积岩和三叠系白云岩)和原地中生界沉积物(即第二、第三构造层)是最重要的勘探潜力区。     

塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系石油地质特征

塔里木盆地是在古生代地台基础上发展起来的中—新生代叠合型含油气盆地.由于盆地长期处于相对稳定的大地构造环境,这就为油气的生成、聚集、保存提供了有利的地质条件。从盆地内发现的多处地面油气显示和目前钻井获得的高产油气流,都证实了塔里木盆地的油气资源是非常丰富的。特别是在盆地内发现的多套生油层来中,寒武—奥陶系为最佳。为此,本文就从寒武—奥陶系的石油地质特征入手,来探讨油气的分布规律。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系风化壳天然气成藏分析

根据地质和地球化学资料,并结合前人研究成果,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地古生界烃源岩生气中心及生气高峰,探讨了中部气田天然气的成藏期次、成藏过程和成藏模式.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田位于烃源岩生气中心及其附近,可以获得充足的气源;天然气成藏主要有2期,即晚三叠世末和早白垩世末;成藏过程包括4个演化阶段:储集层孕育阶段(O1-C1)、圈闭形成阶段(C2-P)、天然气运聚成藏阶段(T3-K1)和气藏调整/定型阶段(K2-Q);奥陶系风化壳天然气成藏存在上古生界天然气穿层运移至奥陶系顶风化壳聚集和下古生界天然气自生自储型2种成藏模式.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系“三元”主控成藏规律

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系烃源岩、储集层及天然气展布规律的研究,探讨其天然气成藏规律。奥陶系烃源岩主要分布在上统乌拉力克组和拉什仲组,以海相泥岩为主;储层主要发育在中统克里摩里组和桌子山组,依据岩石类型、孔隙结构,可分为岩溶孔洞型储层和白云岩晶间溶孔型储层;天然气藏的形成受烃源岩、储层和圈闭的"三元"主控,具有有效烃源岩控制天然气区域分布、优质储层控制天然气聚集带展布、有效圈闭控制气藏分布特征。鄂尔多斯盆地西北部的西侧气藏主要为油型气,东侧主要为煤型气,均为上生下储的成藏模式。     

Main controlling factors for hydrocarbon reservoir formation and petroleum distribution in Cratonic Area of Tarim Basin

The Cratonic Area of the Tarim Basin is lo-cated in the central part of the basin, developing primarilywith Cambrian marine source rocks and secondly Middle toUpper Ordovician marine and Carboniferous-Permiantransitional facies source rocks. The source rocks werematured in the changeable period and space, formingmultiple hydrocarbon generating centers during the periods.The Cratonic Area experienced multiple tectonic orogenies,forming several palaeouplifts. The matching conditionbetween effective hydrocarbon generating centers and thepalaeouplifts in various periods is the main control factor forthe formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.The palaeouplifts have experienced multiple hydrocar-bon-filling phases, several periods of modifications and evenbreakdown. The palaeouplifts and the adjacent slopesaround the effective hydrocarbon generating center composethe most favorable places for hydrocarbon accumulation.The hydrocarbon phase is related with the evolution of thehydrocarbon generating center. In the Tarim Basin'sCratonic Area, reservoirs were mostly formed during lateHercynian. The originally formed hydrocarbon reservoirswhich are adjacent to source kitchens and in the goodpreservation condition are the most favorable prospectingtargets. Hydrocarbon is richly accumulated under theregional caprock, surrounding the faulted trends, and overand below the unconformity surfaces. Reservoirs in theCarboniferous sandstone, Ordovician karstic weatheredcrust and carbonate rock inside the buried hill compose themain intervals for hydrocarbon accumulation. Carboni-ferous and Silurian sandstone pinchout reservoirs andcarbonate lithologic reservoirs with rich fractures and poresare the main targets for further prospecting.