保存人羊膜用于角膜缘缺陷兔眼表面重建

探讨羊膜移植术在角膜缘缺陷兔眼表面的作用,建立兔全角膜缘缺陷的动物模型,移植眼早期应用保存的人羊膜移植于受损区域,对照眼常规保守治疗,观察其角膜新生管及上皮层愈合情况。愈合后1个月,取角膜,做普通病理及扫描电镜检查。结果显示对照眼角膜上皮层愈合较慢,新生血管粗大丰富,愈合后上皮层不稳定,含有杯状细胞。羊膜移植的眼表面上皮层愈合快,新生血管细小,愈合后的上皮层光滑,稳定, 杯状细胞主要分布于周边角膜。表明羊膜移植能促进上皮细胞移行、增殖、获管稳定的眼表层。羊膜移植后,上皮仍为结膜型上皮。     

眼表上皮疾病的基础与临床研究进展

针对眼表上皮疾病的基础及临床方面进行了系统研究,包括角膜上皮干细胞的生理,眼表免疫,眼表上皮细胞黏蛋白表达及功能,眼表鳞状上皮化生的发病机制,干眼的诊断与治疗,角膜组织工程,新生血管性眼病的发生机制与治疗等,并在这些方向取得了一系列研究成果.     

Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling

The effect of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheet was investigated in the present paper. Two AZ31 sheets were rolled together with an on-line heating rolling mill and separated from each other afterwards. For each sheet, the strain on both surface during rolling was asymmetry and this rolling method is called asymmetry rolling (AR) in present work. For comparison, symmetry rolling (SR) was also carried out on the same rolling mill that only one sheet was rolled in one pass. The sheets deformed by AR showed more homogeneous microstructure with higher recrystallization level and symmetry distributional basal texture. Moreover, SR sheets showed many narrow shear bands which distributed as “V” shape along rolling direction, while less shear bands with wider size are observed in AR sheet. The shear bands in AR sheet distributed as a line and across the entire thickness of the sheet, resulting in layered bimodal structure. Based on the unique microstructure and texture characteristics, AR sheet has lowest mechanical property anisotropy and a good balance of strength and elongation.     

花背蟾蜍变态前后眼各部位Con A受体的荧光显微镜观察

本文以花背蟾蜍变态前后的眼为材料,运用 Con A-FITC 在荧光显微镜下观察了眼变态前后 Con A 受体的变化.结果表明:变态前內处角膜愈合处的 Con A 受体较多;晶体上皮的外表面比内表面 Con A 受体多;视网膜各层扬构的 Con A 受体分布差异较大.变态后角膜上皮的细胞膜,角膜基质和角膜内皮中均有 Con A 受体分布;晶状体仅晶体上皮有 Con A受体分布;视网膜中内界膜,内网层,外网层,外界膜,视杆视锥细胞层和色素上皮层的内外表面 Con A 受体较多:节细胞层,内核层和外核层仅细胞表面有少量的 Con A 受体分布.推测眼在变态前后 Con A 受体数量和分布上的变化与眼各部位细胞的分化,结构的组建和视觉功能的完善有关.     

Induction of corneal epithelial prosenitors from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rhesus monkeys in vitro

Bioengineered corneas are substitutes for human donor tissue that are designed to treat severe disease affecting ocular surfaces. However, a shortage of candidate seed cells for bioengineering corneas is still a problem. Bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are capable of multilineage differentiation. Therefore, we determined whether MSCs differentiate into corneal epithelial cells （ECs）. We applied three exoteric-microenvironmental systems to induce MSCs to become ECs. Induced MSC were identified by means of morphologic examination, immunocytochemical analysis, and flow cytometry. MSCs grown in one microenvironment had characteristics similar to those of corneal epithelial progenitors. Induced MSCs expressed markers for EC, including integrin 61, Cx43, Pax6, and P63. MSCs were successfully induced to become corneal epithelial progenitors. Therefore, the use of MSCs may hold substantial promise for reconstructing the ocular surface after corneal injury.[第一段]     

Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials for human health applications

Stimuli-responsive polymers have the extraor- dinary ability to change their physical and/or chemical state after they ＂detect＂ a change in their environment; their response depends dramatically on their chemical compo- sition. This property has been used for a plethora of applications; this review highlights their utility for human health. Specifically, this review will highlight efforts in the areas of sensing and biosensing, antimicrobial/antifouling coatings, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. Specific examples are given in each of these areas, with some focus on our work engineering poly（N- isopropylacrylamide）-based microgels and other respon- sive systems.     

马氏珠母贝外套膜组织培养

用本实验室已建立的贝类组织培养技术对马氏珠母贝外套膜组织成功地进行了体外培养,在外套膜组织中最先迁出的是颗粒细胞,紧随其后为透明细胞,在培养到２０ｈ时,圆形的上皮细胞开始迁出,上皮细胞很快在组织块圆形形成生长晕,继而铺满整个培养瓶底面,培养４ｄ以后,上皮细胞开始分泌颗粒状的物质,这时的上皮细胞从形态上发为Ａ型和Ｂ型两类,Ｂ型上皮细胞含有许多颗粒物质,而Ａ型上皮细胞不含或含少量颗粒物质,反映了其合成     

Thinning of the ice sheet in northwest Greenland over the past forty years.

Thermal expansion of the oceans, as well as melting of glaciers, ice sheets and ice caps have been the main contributors to global sea level rise over the past century. The greatest uncertainty in predicting future sea level changes lies with our estimates of the mass balance of the ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Satellite measurements have been used to determine changes in these ice sheets on short timescales, demonstrating that surface-elevation changes on timescales of decades or less result mainly from variations in snow accumulation. Here we present direct measurements of the changes in surface elevation between 1954 and 1995 on a traverse across the north Greenland ice sheet. Measurements over a time interval of this length should reflect changes in ice flow-the important quantity for predicting changes in sea level-relatively unperturbed by short-term fluctuations in snow accumulation. We find only small changes in the eastern part of the transect, except for some thickening of the north ice stream. On the west side, however, the thinning rates of the ice sheet are significantly higher and thinning extends to higher elevations than had been anticipated from previous studies.     

组织工程人角膜内皮在维持新西兰兔角膜透明中的效果研究

为了评价组织工程人角膜内皮(TE-HCE)维持动物角膜透明的效果,利用来自非转染人角膜内皮(HCE)细胞系的核型正常单克隆细胞株为种子细胞、以去上皮层修饰羊膜为载体支架体外重建的TE-HCE,对新西兰兔进行了穿透性角膜内皮移植试验,利用肉眼观察了移植兔眼的水肿和免疫排斥情况,利用裂隙灯显微镜检测了移植兔角膜的透明情况,并利用荧光显微镜检测了移植兔角膜内皮细胞的CM-DiI标记。对撕除后板层新西兰兔眼进行TE-HCE穿透性角膜内皮移植实验的观察和检测结果显示,移植后的兔眼角膜没有出现明显的水肿和排斥等不良反应,使移植兔角膜维持透明的时间长达100d,且角膜内皮移植区的细胞均为带有CM-DiI标记、来自TE-HCE的种子细胞。由此可见,体外重建TE-HCE移植后能使新西兰兔角膜长期保持透明,有望作为HCE的替代物用于角膜内皮失代偿和角膜内皮盲的临床移植和治疗。     

Mathematical modeling and simulation of the interface region of a tri-layer composite material, brass-steel-brass, produced by cold rolling

The object of this study was to find the optimum conditions for the production of a sandwich composite from the sheets of brass-steel-brass. The experimental data obtained during the production process were used to validate the simulation program, which was written to establish the relation between the interface morphology and the thickness reduction amount of the composite. For this purpose, two surfaces of a steel sheet were first prepared by scratching brushing before inserting it between two brass sheets with smooth surfaces. Three sheets were then subjected to a cold rolling process for producing a tri-layer composite with various thick- nesses. The sheet interface after rolling was studied by different techniques, and the bonding strength for each rolling condition was determined by peeling test. Moreover, a relation between interfacial bonding strength and thickness reduction was found. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data and the available theoretical models to modify the original simulation program with high application efficiency used for predicting the behavior of the interface under different pressures.     

人角膜内皮细胞株的建立与组织工程人角膜内皮的体外重建

为了体外重建出可用于角膜移植的组织工程人角膜内皮(TE-HCE),本文从业已建立的非转染人角膜内皮(HCE)细胞系中筛选出单克隆细胞株(mcHCE),并以其为种子细胞对TE-HCE的体外重建进行了研究。经有限稀释法从非转染HCE细胞系筛选出了mcHCE细胞株,形态结构、染色体分析以及细胞连接蛋白和膜运输蛋白的检测结果显示,mcHCE2401单克隆细胞株细胞具有正常而稳定的形态、结构和二倍染色体核型,并能表达细胞连接蛋白和膜运输蛋白,具有TE-HCE种子细胞的理想特征。以mcHCE2401细胞为种子细胞、以去上皮层修饰羊膜(mdAM)为载体支架体外重建出了TE-HCE,形态结构鉴定结果显示,多角形mcHCE2401种子细胞在mdAM 上形成了连续、完整的细胞单层,在细胞之间以及细胞与mdAM之间均形成了广泛的细胞连接,单层细胞密度高达3602.22±45.22个／mm²(相当于0～3岁孩童HCE的细胞密度),所重建单层角膜内皮的形态结构与在体HCE高度近似。可见,本文成功建立了形态结构、核型以及功能蛋白表达正常的单克隆细胞株,并利用mcHCE2401细胞和mdAM在体外成功重建出了形态结构与与在体HCE高度近似的最“年轻”的TE-HCE,有望作为捐献角膜内皮的等效替代物用于角膜内皮异常疾病的临床治疗。     

软性角膜接触镜在角膜病变中的临床应用

目的:探讨软性角膜接触镜在角膜病变中的治疗效果。方法:各种病因所至的角膜病变67例,其中角膜溃疡30例,外伤性角膜上皮剥脱13例,化学性烧伤(酸碱烧伤)12例,大型翼状胬肉切除术后12例。经配戴软性角膜接触镜,再辅以药物治疗。结果:65例患者刺激症状立即减轻,角膜上皮于1周内愈合,角膜溃疡于2周内愈合或溃疡病灶减小。结论:软性角膜接触镜在角膜病变中运用是一种具有临床价值、经济实惠的治疗方法。     

角膜移植及其排斥反应的内皮改变——角膜内皮显微镜观察

本文报告用角膜内皮显微镜观察兔穿透性角膜移植术前、术后和角膜移植排斥反应时的角膜内皮改变结果。发现在角膜移植术前,正常角膜的中央区和周边区的内皮细胞密度、细胞面积基本相同,没有显著差异。在角膜移植术后,术眼的植片和受主角膜的内皮细胞均出现密度减低、细胞面积增大,与术前比较有显著差异。在排斥反应期间,植片内皮细胞出现细胞肿胀、边界不清、甚至模糊不能窥见等异常改变,而受主角膜内皮细胞则表现正常。本文认为兔角膜内皮细胞的形态、密度等与人角膜内皮细胞基本相同。穿透性角膜移植术对角膜内皮有较大损伤,植片内皮细胞在排斥反应中遭受严重损害,提出在角膜移植术时,要注意保护角膜内皮;发现排斥反应时,要及时治疗,防止角膜内皮的过多损伤。     

On the “plasticity”of adult stem cells and its application in regenerative medicine

In recent years, with the increasingly further studies on embryonic stem cells and the recognition of the biologic characteristics of adult stem cells, it has been discovered that adult stem cells have another phenomenon of “plasticity” in addition to the characteristics of strong potential for self-renewal, proliferation and multi-differentiation, which brings us the hope for regenerative medicine—renewing new organ or tissue cells to replace those damaged by injury or diseases. Although the mechanism of “plasticity” and its application in the regenerative medicine are still in doubt, thorough exploration in these subjects would open up broad prospects for the use in cell and tissue engineering in the near future.     

Restoration of rat calvarial defects by poly（lactide-co-glycolide）/ hydroxyapatite scaffolds loaded with bone mesenchymal stem cells and DNA complexes

A composite construct comprising of a bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet, plasmid DNA, encoding human bone morphogenic protein-2 (hBMP-2), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) sponge was designed and employed in the restoration of rat calvarial defects. To improve gene transfection efficiency, a cationic chitosan derivative, N,N,N,-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), was employed as the vector. The TMC/DNA complexes had a transfection efficiency of 13% in rat BMSCs, resulting in heterogeneous hBMP-2 expression in a 10-d culture period in vitro. In vivo culture of the composite constructs was performed by implantation into rat full-thickness calvarial defects, using constructs lacking pDNA-hBMP-2 or BMSC sheets as controls. Significantly higher heterogeneous expression of hBMP-2 was detected in vivo at 2 weeks for the cell sheet/DNA complex/scaffold constructs, compared with the constructs lacking pDNA-hBMP-2 or BMSC sheets. New bone formation was evident as early as 4 weeks in the experimental constructs. At 8 weeks, partial bridging of calvarial defects was observed in the experimental constructs, which was significantly better than the constructs lacking pDNA-hBMP-2 or BMSC sheets. Therefore, the combination of the PLGA/HA scaffold with BMSC sheets and gene therapy vectors is effective at enhancing bone formation.     

聚落“双修”视角下传统村落人居环境转型发展研究——以江永县兰溪村为例

随着新型城镇化和乡村旅游的持续推进,传统村落面临着一系列人居环境危机,以湖南省江永县兰溪村为例,从景观基因修补和文化基因修复的视角,探索了传统村落人居环境转型发展的“双修”机理和应对策略.研究表明：1) 聚落“双修”本质是针对目前我国传统村落人居环境存在的问题而进行的更新改造工作,强调“文化基因修复”与“景观基因修补”,这与传统村落人居环境转型发展过程中实现空间形态重构、生态环境适应、社会文化传承及人居环境更新与营建非常契合.2) 从聚落“双修”视角分析了传统村落人居环境转型发展机理,认为政府、村民等多元主体对破坏的建筑基因、流失的文化基因、冲突的聚落空间基因和恶化的生态环境基因等进行整治与改造,可促使传统村落人居环境有序转型.3) 从聚落“双修”策略来看,依托旅游资源开发,通过分级分区保护、活化文化内涵,使传统村落文化在时代发展与进步中得以延续.提出恢复山水特色,优化绿地系统,强调生态文明,建立治理体系的环境基因修补策略;空间重组,优化用地布局,农旅联动,创新产业升级的布局基因修补策略;循序渐进,加强风貌改造,内修外补,实现有机活化的建筑基因修补策略.     

Regenerative medicine and human models of human disease

Recent advances in stem-cell technology are now allowing the mechanisms of human disease to be studied in human cells. A new era for regenerative medicine is arising from such disease models, extending beyond early cell-based therapies and towards evaluating genetic variation in humans and identifying the molecular pathways that lead to disease, as well as targets for therapy.     

干细胞与再生医学发展前瞻

 干细胞与再生医学是当今生命科学领域研究的前沿与热点。近年来,涌现出一系列突破性的研究成果,将干细胞研究推向新的历史阶段,为再生医学的发展带来深刻变革。本文分析体内外不同来源的干细胞在再生医学的治疗应用、小分子化合物在细胞命运转变机理研究和功能性细胞获取方面的研究现状与前景,讨论了干细胞与再生医学在临床治疗应用的安全性与规范性。     

实践视域中的解放思想

尽管解放思想已成为我们这个时代的关键词，但是由于不少人存在思想、认识方法上的错误，嘴上高喊解放思想，行动中却思想僵化。因此，很有必要确立一套科学的解放思想的方法论。从实践视域来看解放思想，思想本身也是一种实践形式。解放思想并不是通过一种思想对另一种思想的批判来完成的，而是通过实践活动、通过大众的生活过程来实现的。在当今时代，解放思想只有在不断的改革开放中才能体现出来。