预氧化在攀枝花钛铁矿固态还原过程中的作用

研究了预氧化对攀枝花钛铁矿还原行为的影响.结果表明:预氧化加快了钛铁矿铁氧化物的还原速率,提高了还原产物铁的金属化率.其作用机理是:钛铁矿在预氧化过程中形成了假金红石、三氧化二铁、金红石和三价铁板钛矿等新的物相,破坏了原有矿物结构,颗粒内部形成了大量孔隙,有利于增大颗粒的比表面积,改善还原过程气体的扩散条件;经预氧化处理的钛铁矿在预氧化过程中形成的新物相将被重新还原,新生钛铁矿活性高,还原产物的显微结构也得到了进一步的改善.     

中国东南部加里东期花岗岩的特征和成因

中国东南部地槽褶皱区伴随加里东早期和晚期运动,有花岗老化和岩浆侵入活动。早期形成混合花岗岩和片麻状花岗岩;晚期形成块状花岗岩。前者具最大微斜长石——更、中长石组合;后者为正长石——正长微斜长石——更、中长石组合类型。经研究表明,两期花岗岩具有 Na_2O、CaO 低,富 Al_2O_3、K_2O 的岩石化学特性,它们属铝过饱和花岗岩,微量元素贫 V、Cr、Ni、Co、Cu、Pb、Zn,而富W、Sn、Be、U、Ga 等,付矿物以含钛矿物种类和数量较多,出现饰族稀土元素付矿物而缺亿族稀土元素矿物为特征。上述特征的一致性,表明两期花岗岩具有相同的物质来源。从黑云母富铁,为铁质黑云母,在 Fe~(3+)—Fe~(2+)—Mg 图上落在Ni—Nio 缓冲线之下,说明加里东花岗岩是在氧逸度低的还原环境下形成。稀土元素分配模式,两期岩体也很相似,出现铕的亏损,它明显地不同于华南慢源型的稀土模式。因此加里东花岗岩由地壳沉积物改造而成,属改造型花岗岩成因系列。两期花岗岩虽有相同的物质来源.但有不同的成因方式;地楷沉积物在角闪岩相变质基础上发生部分重熔,低熔组分交代围岩形成加里东早期武功山型混合花岗岩;进一步发展形成深层流化花岗岩——慈竹型和侵入混合花岗岩——石科型。当深部沉积物重熔形成岩浆,它侵位到较上层位形成早期片麻状花岗岩和晚期块状花岗岩。     

pH对油酸钠在钛铁矿与钛辉石表面吸附的影响

通过热力学计算、X线光电子能谱及红外光谱测试,研究pH对油酸钠在钛铁矿与钛辉石表面吸附的影响。研究结果表明:钛铁矿在pH>5.5时都保持了较好的可浮性,钛辉石在pH为6～9和pH>10的条件下具有一定的可浮性;在酸性条件下,钛铁矿表面的Fe3+,Ca2+,Mg2+和Ti4+以及钛辉石表面的Fe3+,Ca2+,Mg2+和Al3+均能与油酸钠发生化学作用,其中钛铁矿表面的Fe2+在浮选过程中可以被氧化为Fe3+,成为矿物表面主要的活性吸附点,继而油酸根离子取代羟基生成油酸铁而吸附于矿物表面;钛辉石表面则以Ca2+和Mg2+与油酸根的化学作用为主。在碱性条件下,钛铁矿与钛辉石表面均主要以Ca2+和Mg2+为主与油酸钠作用。     

华南产铀花岗岩蚀变矿物绿泥石与铀成矿的联系

选取了花岗岩中最为常见的蚀变矿物绿泥石作为研究对象,通过绿泥石的成分、种类来总结产铀花岗岩中的绿泥石所具有的特征。产铀花岗岩绿泥石种类复杂,包括铁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、磷绿泥石、鲕绿泥石、铁叶绿泥石和辉绿泥石,其MgO含量较低、FeO和Fe_2O_3含量较高。绿泥石组成显示产铀花岗岩形成于泥质岩源区,其源岩更加富铀。产铀花岗岩的绿泥石四面体和八面体的位置成分复杂。产铀花岗岩的绿泥石形成温度略高,在低氧逸度的环境下形成。     

雾灵山A型花岗岩系的矿物学特征及成因意义

雾灵山杂岩体由似斑状碱长正长岩及其中的岩石包体、碱性石英正长斑岩、碱性石英正长岩等岩石组成，是冀北地区白垩纪岩浆活动的代表。本文以岩相学工作为基础，讨论了这些岩石中主要造岩矿物的结晶顺序和共生关系，报道了它们的成分特点和演化趋势，推测了不同矿物结晶时的温度、压力、氧逸度、含水量等生成状态和条件，并探讨了由它们所反映出的岩浆演化历史、特点和岩石成因系列归属问题。     

安徽月山地区间长岩类岩浆结晶的物理化学条件研究

本文通过岩浆体系的温度－水逸度及岩石熔融曲线关系、岩浆岩典型矿物组合、矿物成分等与物理化学条件的相互关系，确定了月山地区闪长岩类岩浆结晶的水逸度、水压、定位压力和深度以及温度、氧逸度和氢逸度，构筑了区域侵入岩的Ｔ－ｆｏ２图解，并讨论了岩浆结晶的物理化学条件与成矿作用的联系．     

四川会理县秀水河钒钛磁铁矿地质特征及控矿因素

秀水河钒钛磁铁矿位于扬子陆块与松潘-甘孜活动带的西南结合部康滇断隆带中段南部,夹于安宁河断裂与昔格达断裂之间.从探明的矿床可知,矿体产于海西早期的层状基性-超基性杂岩体中,矿石矿物主要为钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿等,多具海绵陨铁结构,在岩浆结晶晚期形成,围岩为印支期花岗岩,矿床成因以晚期岩浆矿床为主.通过对地质特征的探讨,指出矿区钒钛磁铁矿的控矿因素及外围找矿远景.     

高压辊磨超细粉碎对钒钛磁铁矿分选的影响

采用常规颚式破碎和高压辊磨2种不同粉碎方式,进行钒钛磁铁矿的分选试验,探究2种破碎方式对钒钛磁铁矿分选的影响,并结合粒度分析、单体解离度测试及比磁化系数分析,进一步研究高压辊磨机在钒钛磁铁矿选别中的作用机理。研究结果表明:高压辊磨机粉碎产品的粒度较小,可直接通过弱磁选将钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿分离开,进行"铁钛平行分选";与颚式破碎机破碎产品相比,辊压产品经过一段磨矿过程就能通过相同的分选条件获得质量合格的钛磁铁矿精矿,并使钛铁矿精矿TiO2的作业回收率提高2.66%;2种破碎产品在球磨过程中的单体解离度存在差异,辊压产品中的含铁矿物能够优先实现单体解离,有利于钛磁铁矿的分选;"铁钛平行分选"能够简化磨矿过程,减少微细粒钛铁矿的生成量,提高钛铁矿强磁选的回收率,有利于钛铁矿的窄级别浮选。     

小秦岭金矿成矿的物理化学条件

本文根据矿物共生组合及金矿化特征,对小秦岭金矿的形成划分为四个矿化阶段。金矿化主要呈自然金和少量其它金矿物显微包体形式,存在于各阶段黄铁矿、黄铜矿与石英晶粒间,少数产于石英或其它硫化物中。根据不同矿化阶段主要矿物的包体测温数据和包体成分的酸碱度测定位,用热力学的原理和方法,计算了小秦岭金矿床成矿的温度、压力、硫逸度、氧逸度、二氧化碳逸度,以及主要矿化离子浓度、酸碱度和氧化-还原电位等物理化学条件。     

浙赣皖相邻区燕山期花岗质岩类含矿性及其氧逸度特征*

对浙赣皖相邻区燕山期两类花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及成矿元素研究发现,燕山早期岩体主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩,岩石偏中性,成矿元素方面更富含Au、Ag、Cu、Mo、Ni等深源元素,研究区大部分铜金钼矿床都与其有关;燕山晚期岩体主要岩石类型是花岗（斑）岩,岩石偏酸性,成矿元素相对缺乏Au、Ag、Cu、Mo、Ni等深源元素,与之伴生的铜金钼矿床罕见。可见,花岗质侵入体与研究区的金、铜、钼等成矿作用密切相关。通过锆石Ce异常计算出的岩浆氧逸度结果显示,早期花岗质侵入体的氧逸度范围介于FMQ （铁橄榄石-磁铁矿-石英缓冲对）和MH （磁铁矿-赤铁矿缓冲对）之间,平均值为FMQ＋2.7,氧逸度较高;晚期氧逸度小于FMQ,平均值为FMQ-1.1。因此,氧逸度对部分元素（如铜、金、钼）的成矿有重要影响,氧逸度高,更有利于形成铜、金、钼等矿床。由于锆石成分分析的普及,获得锆石中的稀土微量元素含量越来越便利,利用锆石成分来计算岩浆的氧逸度具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

论藏东玉东铜矿带花岗斑岩类的成因类别

通过详细的岩石学研究,论证了玉龙斑岩铜矿带花岗岩类属Ⅰ型(Cordilleran)和磁铁矿系列, 或壳幔混源(MC)型,讨论了花岗岩成因类型的岩石、矿床成因意义及斑岩含矿性的成因类型标志。     

准苏吉花斑岩型钼铜矿床岩体特征及成矿机制研究

通过对辉钼矿的Re-Os及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究, 得到辉钼矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为297.2±4.3 Ma, 赋矿花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为 301.1±4.0 Ma, 确定准苏吉花斑岩型钼铜(Mo-Cu)矿床的成岩成矿时代为晚石炭世至早二叠世。准苏吉花矿区不含矿花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb 年龄为301.2±2.2 Ma, 与花岗斑岩成岩时代一致。发育角闪石和黑云母的矿物学特征以及高Rb, Th和Ba, 低P和Ti的岩石地球化学特征表明, 花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩同属于I型花岗岩。较低的Re含量、Mg#值、Nb/Ta值和Zr/Hf值以及低ISr值和正ε_Nd(t)值的全岩Sr-Nd同位素特征表明, 准苏吉花花岗岩的源区为新生下地壳的部分熔融, 岩浆演化过程中, 花岗斑岩和花岗闪长岩均经历较强烈的分离结晶作用, 有利于Mo进一步在残余熔体中富集。通过锆石的Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺值计算获得岩浆结晶分异时的氧逸度, 发现花岗斑岩岩浆的氧逸度相对较高(ΔFMQ平均值为+4.8), 花岗闪长岩岩浆氧逸度相对较低(ΔFMQ平均值为+2.2), 表明高氧逸度的岩浆更有利于Mo和Cu富集成矿。     

Origin of two differentiation trends in the Emeishan flood basalts

Both the Bowen and Fenner differentiation trends have been recognized in the Emeishan flood basalts.While the Longzhoushan laveas in Panxi paleorift evolved on a trend of silica enrichment (Bowen trend),the lavas from Guizhou evoled along the Fenner trend leading to the magmas with high Fe2O3 (23%) and low SiO2(44%) contents,This provides evidence for the existence of Fe-rich and Si-poor magmas in nature ,Such contrasting differentiation trends,marked by different timing of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxides,are correlated with the extent of crustal contamination of the magmas ,Linited crustal contamination in the Guizhou lavas is coupled with the low oxygen fugacity which delayed the onset of magnetite crystallization .In contrast,significant involvement of crustal components in the Long-Zhoushan lavas increased fo2 which in turn triggered early crystallization of magnetite.The close spatial association between the Longzhoushan lavs and the synchronous V-Fe-Ti deposit-bearing layered intrusions suggests a potential relationship between them.     

Significance of native arsenic in the Baogutu gold deposit, western Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China

Native arsenic together with comb quartz and stibnite is found in the Baogutu gold deposit, western Junggar (Xinjiang), NW China. It is anhedral with various grain size (<0.001 to 2 mm), and contains 98 wt% to 98.7 wt% As. Micro-granular electrum, the main auriferous mineral in the Baogutu gold deposit, is commonly enclosed in or closely accompanied by native arsenic. Three ore-forming paragenetic stages could be identified. Native arsenic mainly formed at stage II which is also the major stage for gold deposition. Mineral assemblage formed at this stage is native arsenic-stibnite-electrum-arseno- pyrite-miargyrite-freibergite-pyrrhotite-pyrite. Based on native arsenic and its coexisting minerals, the temperature (230 to 170℃), oxygen fugacity (logfO₂ = −42―−56.5) and sulfur fugacity (logf S₂ = −13.3― −16.6) of stage II are estimated. From stage I to stage II, the temperature, sulfur fugacity and S²⁻ con-centration of hydrothermal fluid decrease obviously, whereas the As concentration increases. Coexis-tence with native arsenic of electrum and its contents of 0.5 wt%―1.3 wt% As suggest that As is im-portant to transport Au when S²⁻ concentration decrease in hydrothermal fluid. Crystallization of native arsenic induced the deposition of electrum and consequently the formation of the Baogutu gold deposit.     

与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床成矿作用研究进展

综述与碳酸岩?碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床的基本特征和成矿作用研究进展。根据矿化特征, 该类矿床大体可以分为原生岩浆型和热液型, 前者稀土矿物是从碳酸岩岩浆中直接结晶出来, 矿化主要产于碳酸岩岩体中; 后者稀土矿物通常与方解石、萤石、重晶石、石英等矿物共生形成脉体, 穿插于碳酸岩杂岩体及围岩中, 或作为裂隙或空洞充填物, 或呈细粒多晶集合体叠加在碳酸岩中早期形成的矿物之上。以往的研究对于稀土富集成矿的主要机制是碳酸岩和硅酸岩岩浆的液态不混溶作用或碳酸岩岩浆中碳酸盐矿物的分离结晶作用, 还是岩浆期后热液蚀变或不混溶的碳酸岩质流体的萃取作用, 存在很大的争议; 同时,与稀土成矿相关的碳酸盐体系选择性地富集轻稀土, 该类矿床中很少见到重稀土矿物, 亦是有待解决的问题。因此, 加强稀土元素在富挥发份的碳酸岩熔体和碱性硅酸岩熔体或流体之间, 以及碳酸盐矿物及共沉淀相与碳酸岩熔体之间分配行为的高温高压实验研究, 将是揭示该类稀土矿床成因的关键。     

Oxygen isotope evidence for two-stage water-rock interactions of the Nianzishan A-type granite in NE China

The oxygen isotope ratios of whole-rock, common rock-forming minerals and zircon from Mesozoic A-type granitic pluton at Nianzishan in northeastern China were analyzed by the conventional BrF5 method and the laser-probe technique, respectively. Both whole-rock and rock-forming minerals show large δ18O variations up to 5.5%. with significant oxygen isotope disequilibrium between zircon and the other minerals, whereas the δ18O values of zircon are tightly clustered between 3.12%. and 4.19%. and thus lower than the normal-mantle δ18O values. These results indicate that the Nianzishan A-type granite experienced two-stage water-rock interactions subsequentially. The remarkably low zircon δ18O values are genetically due to sea-water exchange with granite protolith in the first stage, and the oxygen isotope disequilibrium fractionations between zircon and rock-forming minerals are caused by meteoric-hydro thermal alteration in the second stage. It is inferred that the 18O-depleted A-type granitic magma was derived from partial melting of subducted lower oceanic crust which was isotopically exchanged with seawater at high temperatures. In the process of granite emplacement into the upper crust, meteoric-hydrothermal circulation was triggered to overprint crystallizing granite under subsolidus conditions.     

河南栾川中鱼库矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义

河南栾川中鱼库硫锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的矽卡岩型硫锌多金属矿床,为进一步探讨其成矿机制,本文以矽卡岩矿物为研究对象,开展了野外观察、岩矿鉴定和电子探针分析综合研究。研究表明,矿床成矿阶段可细分为早矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段(晚矽卡岩阶段)、石英-硫化物阶段、石英-碳酸盐阶段。该矿床矽卡岩为交代成因的钙矽卡岩,石榴子石以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列为主,辉石以透辉石-钙铁辉石系列为主,帘石主要为绿帘石,角闪石为钙角闪石,绿泥石为铁镁绿泥石。石榴子石、辉石端元组分特征显示矽卡岩阶段成矿流体经历了从酸性到碱性、从还原到氧化的转变。随着流体演变,从退化蚀变阶段到石英-硫化物阶段,成岩成矿环境逐渐从氧化环境过渡到还原环境。石英-硫化物阶段是成矿主阶段,在此阶段金属硫化物大量富集和沉淀。     

Redox evolution of a degassing magma rising to the surface

Volatiles carried by magmas, either dissolved or exsolved, have a fundamental effect on a variety of geological phenomena, such as magma dynamics and the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. In particular, the redox state of volcanic gases emanating at the Earth's surface is widely believed to mirror that of the magma source, and is thought to have exerted a first-order control on the secular evolution of atmospheric oxygen. Oxygen fugacity (f(O2) estimated from lava or related gas chemistry, however, may vary by as much as one log unit, and the reason for such differences remains obscure. Here we use a coupled chemical-physical model of conduit flow to show that the redox state evolution of an ascending magma, and thus of its coexisting gas phase, is strongly dependent on both the composition and the amount of gas in the reservoir. Magmas with no sulphur show a systematic f(O2) increase during ascent, by as much as 2 log units. Magmas with sulphur show also a change of redox state during ascent, but the direction of change depends on the initial f(O2) in the reservoir. Our calculations closely reproduce the H2S/SO2 ratios of volcanic gases observed at convergent settings, yet the difference between f(O2) in the reservoir and that at the exit of the volcanic conduit may be as much as 1.5 log units. Thus, the redox state of erupted magmas is not necessarily a good proxy of the redox state of the gases they emit. Our findings may require re-evaluation of models aimed at quantifying the role of magmatic volatiles in geological processes.     

Fe-Ti oxide and Fe-Cu sulfide exsolution in amphibole cumulate xenoliths from granodiorite in Tongling,Anhui Province

Inpastdecades,sulfide(melt)inclusionswithinmineralmegacrystsandmantlerockxenolithsfromCe-nozoicbasaltshavebeenmuchstudied,andtheoriginandevolutionofsulfide(melt)inclusionswerepreliminaryfocused[1—14].Thereportedsulfidephasesareusuallyrichinnickelandtendtooccurwithinolivineandpyroxeneortheirintergranularholes.However,sulfideexsolutionphasesinmegacrysts(especiallyamphibole)andbasicxenolithsoriginatedfromthelowercrustandhostedbyintermediate-acidplutonsarelessreported,exceptforavarietyofexsolvedN…