基于D-S证据推理的车辆导航系统地图匹配算法

研究地图匹配算法中的匹配道路的选择问题,提出基于D-S证据推理理论的地图匹配算法.根据D-S证据推理的基本原理,结合车辆行驶情况,给出当前时刻车辆位置信息和方向信息的基本概率分布函数的设计方法.按照D-S合成公式,对位置和方向信息进行融合,并根据融合结果选择匹配道路.在设计方法中,引入位置信息和方向信息的可靠性参数.仿真结果表明,该方法是行之有效的,通过适当地调整可靠性参数的值,就能识别出车辆所在的道路.     

路径诱导系统中综合地图匹配算法的研究

地图匹配算法对于车辆路径诱导和实时轨迹回放具有重要的应用,为了提供连续、精确和可靠的车辆行驶路段位置,利用定位传感器输出车辆运行位置信息,结合高精度空间道路网络数据,提出新的综合地图匹配算法.该算法不受地理环境的约束,能有效地修正传感器的定位误差,提高车辆定位精度.实际道路测试证明,该算法比现有地图算法更高准确度和实时性,尤其是在十字路口有更好匹配效果.     

基于UPF算法的车辆GPS/DR组合导航研究

车辆GPS/DR组合导航系统是非线性系统。采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)对其进行状态估计时,系统线性化过程将导致较大的滤波误差。为了获得更好的估计性能,将一类改进的粒子滤波方法 (UPF),即以无位卡尔曼滤波(UKF)为建议密度的粒子滤波方法(PF)应用于车辆GPS/DR组合导航系统中,避免了EKF方法的线性化近似过程,提高载体的定位精度。为验证该方法的有效性,将其与EKF分别用于GPS/DR组合导航系统的滤波仿真。仿真结果表明:UPF能减小导航定位误差,滤波性能明显优于EKF。     

联合卡尔曼滤波在车辆组合导航系统中的应用

GPS/DR组合导航系统是一种低成本、高可靠性的车载导航设备.针对陆地车辆GPS/DR组合导航系统的特点,设计了用于该系统的联合卡尔曼滤波器,给出了滤波算法,并进行了实地跑车实验.理论分析和跑车实验的结果表明,联合滤波方法不仅有效地抑制了DR系统的误差发散,而且能够充分利用DR的数据信息对GPS定位的随机误差进行补偿,从而有效地提高GPS/DR组合系统的定位精度及容错能力.     

车载GPS/DR组合导航系统的DR算法

随着城市交通道路系统的日益复杂,人们对车辆定位精度的要求也越来越高。传统的车辆导航系统采用GPS（全球卫星导航系统）技术对车辆进行定位,但在现代大都市环境中,由于树木、立交桥、楼群的遮掩,GPS信号会经常出现失锁和多径效应,导致其定位精度大大降低。而航位推算技术（DR）有较强的独立性,同GPS定位技术形成较强的互补。因此对导航系统的DR算法的研究很有必要。     

一种应用于GPS/低成本INS组合导航的自适应滤波算法

为了提高在全球卫星定位系统(GPS)接收机导航解更新间隔期间组合导航系统的定位精度,在分析了惯导系统(INS)误差模型的基础上,使用一种对噪声协方差矩阵进行实时自适应估计的算法改进了通常使用的标准Kalman滤波器。采集清华大学内的跑车实测数据,并使用自适应算法进行处理,结果表明:该方法可以有效地提高GPS导航解间隔期间组合导航系统的定位精度,整体定位精度可以提升近10%,在车辆行驶状态变化较大的路径中获得了最高达40%的位置精度提升。该方法易于实时实现,在实际工程实现中具有一定的应用前景。     

车辆导航中地图匹配算法的研究

地图匹配是借助GIS电子地图数据库中的高精度道路信息作为分类模板来进行模式识别,根据识别结果计算和显示车辆行驶的正确位置并校正GPS接收数据的定位误差。本文通过比较分析现有的地图匹配算法,从效率、精度、程序设计三方面进行考虑,提出一种新型快速的地图匹配算法。在不降低计算准确性的基础上大大减少了运算复杂度,提高了时间效率,更能够适应实时车辆导航系统的需求。     

基于模糊神经网络的地图匹配算法

提出了基于模糊神经网络的新的地图匹配算法.该算法综合了数字道路信息和GPS/DR定位信息,提取两个重要参数作为输入变量,即定位点到候选路段的投影距离及定位航向与候选路段方位角差.设计出了四层模糊神经网络及改进的收敛学习规则.实验结果表明所提出的算法能很好地匹配车辆行驶路段位置.     

基于D-S证据信息融合方法的全地形车行驶工况辨识

磁流变阻尼器的全地形车智能悬架可以使车辆面对不同行驶工况下提供更好的减振效果,为了解决在传感器存在噪声或异常等情况下车辆行驶工况辨识困难的问题,文中提出了一种基于D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论的多传感器信息特征值的融合技术提高行驶工况辨识的准确性。通过改进的距离评估方法对全地形车行驶工况的传感器敏感特征值进行了提取和筛选,采用区间估计将传感器的噪声和异常值当做不确定性信息。利用D-S合成对特征层的辨识结果进行决策层融合,基于可行区间的决策规则完成对车辆行驶工况的辨识。最后使用Carsim整车仿真试验平台,验证了基于D-S证据理论的决策层融合方法的有效性。     

角度和距离分段占优地图匹配算法

为了更好的实现车辆导航系统的实时性和精确性,研究了地图匹配算法的各要素。采用两级交错式网格划分,并结合全球定位系统实时水平估计误差实现对电子地图待匹配区域划分。利用车辆行驶位置、方向、道路几何拓扑关系和行驶角度变化率,提出了一种基于角度和距离分段占优的地图匹配算法。试验结果表明:本文建立的地图匹配算法能够准确、快速地实现车辆导航定位功能。     

Tight integration of digital map and in-vehicle positioning unit for car navigation in urban areas

Now GPS has been widely used for land, sea and air navigation.However, due to signal blockage and severe multipath environments in urban areas, such as in Hong Kong, GPS alone can not satisfy most land vehicle navigation requirements. Dead Reckoning (DR) systems have been widely used to bridge the gaps of GPS and to smooth GPS position errors. However,the DR drift errors increase with time rapidly and frequent calibration is required. Under the normal situation, GPS is sufficient to provide the calibration to the DR unit. However, GPS may not be available in urban areas for more than 20 min, and the DR position errors can reach hundreds of meters during the period. As land vehicles have to be on roads, digital map can be used to constrain the locations of vehicles, known as map-matching.One of the main problems for map-matching techniques is mis-matching, that may be caused by the positioning sensor errors and the complexity of city road network. In this paper, a newly developed model to tightly integrate digital map and in-vehicle positioning unit for car navigation is introduced.With this method, it improves the position accuracy by constraining the vehicle location on the roads. Moreover it provides the close-loop controls for the DR drift errors by feeding back the coordinates of the feature points of the road network and road bearings to the DR unit and therefore the navigation system can be used for longer period when GPS is not available.Extensive tests have been carried out in Hong Kong. It demonstrates that this close-loop approach is much better on the reliability of map-matching, as the positioning sensor errors are constantly calibrated by the digital map.     

基于模糊逻辑的综合地图匹配算法

车辆导航系统大都采用航位推算和GPS来估计车辆的位置,由于受GPS噪声的影响,实际测量的位置往往带有偏差。应用数字化道路图的地图匹配算法可以解决这一问题。提出基于模糊逻辑理论的综合地图匹配算法,充分考虑了道路几何特性以及GPS测量数据的偏差特性,实验证明该算法是有效和可用的。     

In-vehicle GPS/DR navigation system development and test results in Singapore

This paper introduces the in-car navigation system prototype development and test results under the context of Singapore. In the system, integrated GPS/DR is used for continuous vehicle positioning. A digital road network map database is built for the whole Singapore. The database is designed to support map matching, route determination, and route guidance functions. The prototype system demonstrates GPS positioning of the vehicle in real-time, tracking the vehicle onto a digital map with fix updates every one or two seconds.With the map matched vehicle location on the map, voice and/or text guidance is provide to the driver. The vehicle position can also be transferred to control centre through communication data link for the purpose of fleet management.     

基于DSP的GPS/DR组合定位系统的设计

对于城市车辆GPS导航来说,其很大的一个缺点是跟踪卫星的信号常常由于建筑物、隧道及树木等的遮挡而使GPS的定位精度大大降低,甚至无法进行正常的定位。为此,提出了基于DSP的GPS/DR组合定位系统,详细介绍了系统的硬件设计方法、组成和软件设计思想。最后进行了采用联合卡尔曼滤波器的GPS和DR系统的组合定位的仿真实验。实验证明,采用联合卡尔曼滤波算法的GPS/DR组合定位系统的转度明显高于GPS单独定位方式。     

车载GPS/DR组合导航系统的研究及其滤波算法

给出了基于ＧＰＳ与ＤＲ组合的车辆导航系统的设计，建立了该系统的数学模型，利用卡尔曼滤波器对各子系统进行滤波处理，最后对系统进行信息综合及传感器误差校正．试验结果表明，该系统具有良好的导航与定位性能     

Land vehicle positioning using GPS and dead reckoning

To ensure reliable land vehicle positioning, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the best techniques commonly used in present-day positioning systems. However, GPS signals are not available if line of sight with the satellites is lost. In this respect, the addition of the Dead Reckoning (DR) method to complement the GPS unit would enhance the reliability of land vehicle positioning system. For implementing the DR method, the magnetic sensor and accelerometer are used for obtaining heading and velocity or distance information. Calibration of two sensors' dynamic model and DR algorithm are also introduced in this paper. The test result utilizing the GPS and DR methods is analyzed in this paper. It utilize spositioning information from GPS receiver when GPSsignal is available, otherwise DR is started to compensate GPS outage with the GPS output as the original point. The results showed that the error in east and north produced by the DR algorithm for a short time interval can be limitedwithin an acceptable range.     

城市浮动车数据定位误差分布规律研究

通过浮动车数据处理与分析,探讨了浮动车数据定位误差的影响因素。选择了三个主要的因素——速度、道路等级和时间段,进行了定量分析。提出了定位误差的计算方法,介绍了在复杂的城市环境下浮动车数据定位误差和影响因素之间的定量关系。结果表明,车速和道路等级对浮动车定位误差有显著的影响。提出了定位误差和速度之间的函数关系,以及定位误差在不同道路等级和不同时间段的具体分布情况。研究结果可进一步用于提高地图匹配的准确性。     

A BP neural network based information fusion method for urban traffic speed estimation

Obtaining comprehensive and accurate information is very important in intelligent traffic system (ITS). In ITS, the GPS floating car system is an very important approach for traffic data acquisition. However, in this system, the GPS blind areas caused by tall buildings and tunnels could affect the acquisition of traffic information and depress the system performance. Aiming at this problem, we developed a novel method employing a back propagation (BP) neural network to estimate the traffic speed in the GPS blind areas. When the speed of one road section is lost, we can use the speed of its related road sections to estimate its speed. The complete historical data of these road sections are used to train the neural network, using Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm. Then, the current speed of the related roads is used by the trained neural network to get the speed of the road section without GPS signal. We compare the speed of the road section estimated by our method with the real speed of this road section, and the experimental results show that the speed of this road section estimated by our method is better.     

基于SuperMap GIS的车载导航系统的设计与实现

阐述了基于SuperMap GIS平台的车载导航定位系统的设计与实现过程,重点介绍了导航电子地图、实时定位显示、地图匹配、路径规划、车辆轨迹回放、信息查询等功能的实现。特别利用距离投影算法实现了电子地图的匹配,修正了车辆在电子地图中的位置。