容器内烃类气体燃爆温度与压力的数值解

对于压力容器内的烃类气体与空气的混合物，按球面逐层绝热燃烧模型，编制了电算程序ＤＵ ＴＧＢ１，在不同初始条件下计算了１３种烃类气体的燃烧温度与爆炸压力，用本文实验值及文献值与之比较，燃烧温度的计算偏差为１１．４％～１７．６％；爆炸压力的计算偏差为－９．０９％～１０．１６％；其中烯烃、烷烃爆炸压力的计算偏差为－５．５１％～８．８４％．     

容器内可燃气体燃爆温度与压力的计算方法

对容器内可燃气体爆炸过程进行了热力学分析，得出可燃气体在容器内爆炸前后物质热力学能保持不变的结论。根据化工热力学能量守恒方程，推导出了两种容器内可燃气体爆炸温度和压力的计算方法。对几种可燃烃类气体进行了计算，其计算结果与文献值和实验值进行了比较分析，结果表明：燃爆温度的计算偏差为9．14％～11．15％，爆炸压力的计算偏差为5．84％～12．21％，说明了计算方法的有效性和实用性。结合计算实例对两种计算方法进行了阐述，计算结果基本一致。     

C_7H_4O_3NSNa·2H_2O的不相合熔点的研究

在糖精～水两组份体系的相图中,找到了C_7H_4O_3NSN_a·2H_2O的不相合熔点,且求得了该体系相图曲线的有关经验方程式,计算结果表明,大部份随W_1、W_2和W_3％(W)变化的T_1、T_2和T_3的计算值与实验值比较的绝对误差都较小。     

芳烃／海水界面张力的研究：1.苯及甲苯与海水界面张力的研究

首次用滴体积法比较系统地测定苯、甲苯与海水在不同温度（２０～３５℃）、不同盐度（０～４０．５）范围内的界面张力。测定值相对误差小于０．５％。用统计方法得出这两个芳烃与海水界面张力分别与温度和盐度的经验公式。指出：公式计算值与实验测定值之间平均标准偏差＜０．１ｍＮ／ｍ。     

Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc和Ru原子的X射线能量的相对论计算

用相对论的自洽场方法计算了过渡族Y等六个元素原子的X射线能量,并与实验数据进行了比较。结果表明在计算中用过渡态的理论井考虑Slater交换势的修正,能明显地改善计算结果,计算值与实验值的偏差低于0.6％。     

非达西流区微球床多孔介质阻力特性研究

以水为工质,通过实验研究得到了不同流量下非达西流区饱和微球床多孔介质的阻力压降,并将其与不同学者给出的非达西流区内Ergun型方程的计算值进行了比较和分析,结果表明,在实验范围内,一些Ergun型方程能较好地预测饱和多孔介质的阻力压降变化趋势,但在紊流流动区的计算结果与实验值仍有33％左右的偏差,在此基础上,通过无量纲化Ergun型方程,确定了非达西流的流区划分;利用最小二乘法归结出不同流区内的阻力计算公式,其计算值与实验值的偏差在±2.5％以内。     

高压下金属钼弹性性质的第一性原理计算

本文利用基于密度泛函理论框架下的广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,研究了过渡金属钼的晶体结构和弹性性质.零压下,计算所得的晶格常数(a=3.153)与实验值非常接近.与实验值比较,采用GGA+U(U=1.5,2,2.5eV)的方法,计算得到的晶格常数a不如GGA的计算结果.此外,我们利用广义梯度近似(GGA)方法计算了钼的弹性性质,得到零压下钼的弹性常数分别为C11=449.7GPa,C12=169.7GPa,C44=96.2GPa,与实验值符合得很好.高压下钼的弹性常数计算值和Duffy等人用X衍射实验测量的实验值(0～24GPa)相符.体弹模量B0计算值(B0=263.05GPa)和实验值(B0=262.8GPa)非常接近.计算发现,随着压强的增大,体弹模量和剪切模量比值B/G一直保持大于1.75,说明钼在所研究的压强范围内一直保持较好的延展性.最后,还研究了体弹模量B,剪切模量G,杨氏模量E,泊松比σ,压缩波速VS,剪切波速VL,弹性各向异性因子A和克莱恩曼参数ζ与压强的变化关系.     

低碳钢中第2相NbCxN1-x的x值

采用现有计算方法,对低碳钢中铌的碳氮化物NbCxN1-x中的x值进行了理论计算. 计算结果表明,NbCxN1-x中的x值主要受成分和温度的影响,随钢中C含量增大、N含量减小而增大,随温度的升高而减小之. 通过与相关实验结果比较发现:在一定的成分、温度范围内计算结果与之符合良好;对于超出该范围的Nb微合金化低碳钢,计算结果可作参考. 给出了温度和范围成分分别为1050～1250℃和0.10%C-0.005%N-0.20%Nb～0.20%C-0.005%N-0.20%Nb.     

氟里昂导热系数的曲线拟合

由于目前氟里昂在工作温度范围内的导热系数数据很少,有的数据也是残缺不全,不能满足ORC系统设计者的需要。本文对8种常用的氟里昂的导热系数,在100～400K范围内求出拟合公式。根据这些经验公式,就可以计算各种氟里昂在各种温度下的导热系数值(在公式的适用温度范围内)。计算值与实验值比较,7种氟里昂的最大相对误差都小于2.83％,证明计算结果是可靠的。     

基于当地摩擦因数的绝热气动管道流量特性参数计算

在等截面直管绝热有壁面摩擦一雏可压缩管道流动模型的基础上,推导以管道进口截面速度因数为自变量的气动管道流量特性参数函数S/A(管道有效截面积与横截面积之比)和临界压力比b的基本表达式.采用基于当地摩擦因数求解管道平均摩擦因数的新方法,直接计算出总压为0.6 MPa、总温为300 K、长度为1～50m、内径为2.5～9 mm尼龙管的流量特性参数S和b,并与经验值进行了比较.S和b的理论计算值与经验曲线变化趋势相同,且计算值与经验值相吻合,表明新方法可以在相当程度上反映气动管道流量特性参数变化的物理本质.将新方法得到的有效截面积S的理论计算值下跌20％、临界压力比b的理论计算值上浮40％,即可作为同等条件下选用气动系统尼龙管的经验推荐值使用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the