不同变形方式对5083铝合金组织的影响

为了获得较细的晶粒,采用等通道角挤压(ECAP)变形的方法对5083铝合金按A和B两种方式进行变形;变形后两种样品用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术进行测定,获得了极图、反极图、取向差分布、晶粒尺寸等实验结果.结果表明:5083铝合金按A方式晶粒细化效果强于B方式,而B方式织构面积及织构强度都大于A路径.     

超细亚晶粒铝合金的强化机理

在室温下对经过时效处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0.5的等通道转角挤压(ECAP)变形,将形变强化、时效强化和晶界细化强化有机结合,制备出超细亚晶粒铝合金,其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别约达100 HV,130 MPa和31%.分析探讨了超细亚晶粒2024铝合金的强化机理.研究结果表明,屈服强度的实测数值和理论计算...     

原始组织对等通道角挤压纯铜组织性能的影响

分别对单晶和多晶原始纯铜进行等通道角挤压(ECAP)实验,研究Bc路径挤压后的组织特征和力学性能.结果表明,单晶和多晶铜在挤压过程中晶粒的细化方式明显不同:单晶铜在位错塞积后形成胞状结构,晶粒在位错塞积区发生断裂是其晶粒细化的主要原因;多晶铜在挤压中发生晶粒转动、晶界移动后造成晶粒被拉长并断裂,这是其晶粒细化的主要原因.力学性能对比发现,挤压中单晶铜的硬度和抗拉强度较多晶铜变化显著,认为挤压后单晶铜亚晶的定向排列是延伸率大幅度提高的主要原因.     

7085铝合金固溶温度预热后的大应变变形强化

提出了一种工艺性能好并能将位错强化和其他强化机制有机结合的超高强7085铝合金制备技术路线,即先在固溶处理温度对7085铝合金进行预热,然后,进行铝合金冷却速度较快的大应变变形等通道转角挤压(ECAP）加工.结果表明,ECAP加工对7085铝合金产生的强化与所用模具的温度密切相关,与模具温度为400 °C的ECAP加工相比,模具温度为室温的ECAP加工对7085铝合金的强化效果显著.基于Taylor公式的定量计算结果表明,该显著的强化主要不是来自于位错强化的增加,而是来自于其他强化机制（沉淀强化、晶界/亚晶界强化等）的作用.     

多道次ECAP挤压对纯铜拉伸行为影响的实验研究

为了解不同道次等通道转角挤压(ECAP)对材料拉伸屈服和硬化的作用,以纯铜棒材试样为研究对象,实验研究了经多道次ECAP后材料的单轴拉伸屈服和硬化行为,并进一步探讨了退火对ECAP后材料力学性能的影响,得到以下结论:①挤压道次相同的情况下,经退火/空冷处理后材料硬化更为充分;②一道次挤压对材料的硬化作用远大于后续道次;③在材料挤压后实施了退火的情形,四道次后的挤压对材料不再有明显的硬化作用。这一研究有助于人们更深入地了解ECAP对材料力学行为的影响。     

ECAP挤压L2纯铝的微观组织演化规律

用等通道转角挤压对纯铝L2进行10道次挤压,结果表明：挤压1道次后,原来晶粒尺寸为1 mm的等轴晶沿剪切方向被拉长为条带状晶,在条带状晶粒之间出现被剪切破碎的细小亚晶粒.挤压2道次后,出现了少量等轴晶.挤压4道次后,晶粒取向性变得不太明显,小角度晶界的亚晶粒逐步向大角度晶界的等轴晶演化,晶粒细化到1 μm.随挤压道次的继续增加,晶粒大小不再变化,而形状向等轴状演化.挤压10道次后,合金组织由晶粒大小为1 μm的等轴晶组成.ECAP挤压中,纯剪切变形和应变量的双重作用导致晶粒细化.当晶粒尺寸小于临界尺寸时,剪切变形对晶粒的细化起主要作用;当达到临界尺寸后,应变量起主要作用,表现在使合金组织形貌向等轴晶转变.     

等通道转角挤压-扭转的纯铜变形行为模拟

采用DEFORM-3D有限元模拟软件对纯铜等通道转角挤压-扭转(ECAP-T)进行模拟研究,研究变形过程中试样的等效应力和等效应变分布及变形路径对等效应变分布的影响,对变形后晶粒的细化效果进行分析.结果表明:相对于单纯ECAP变形,ECAP-T具有更大的应变量和更好的晶粒细化效果;多道次挤压后试样沿Bc路径的等效应变分布最均匀,沿A路径较差;ECAP等效应变主要集中在试样的中心部位,但ECAP-T等效应变主要集中在试样表面;ECAP-T变形后沿Bc路径的晶粒细化均匀性最好,Ba路径次之,A路径最差,且变形后试样纵截面上外侧点的变形均匀性比中心处好.     

强化固溶态2024铝合金ECAP加工后的拉伸性能

在室温下对经强化固溶处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0．5的等通道转角挤压（ECAP）,将强化固溶、形变、时效和晶界细化四者有机结合,制备出超高强铝合金,其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别高达约191HV,610MPa和13％．强度-结构关系的定量计算表明,ECAP变形过程中所引入的位错,其对强度提升的贡献高达整个强度提高值的62．2％．研究结果还表明,强化固溶→低温ECAP变形→低温人工时效是提升常规铝合金的强度、制取超高强铝合金的一条有效途径。     

等径弯曲通道变形制备超细晶铝合金的组织性能

用等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)的方法制备出超细晶铝合金材料,并研究了在不同道次条件下其显微组织的演化过程.研究表明,随着强烈塑性变形的增加,显微组织中开始形成大量晶粒尺寸小于1μm的位错胞组织,当其晶界取向差增大时,亚晶粒变为越来越细的板条状组织.当经过8道次ECAP变形后,晶粒尺寸由变形前的约50μm细化为约0.2μm.该超细晶铝合金材料在150℃的退火条件下,其晶粒尺寸稳定在0.2～0.3μm的范围内.在温度为500℃、应变速率为10-3s-1的拉伸实验中,该超细晶铝合金材料的最大延伸率高达370%,呈现出良好的超塑性.     

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺的研究进展

对等通道转角挤压技术的基本原理和近年来的最新研究进展进行综述. 对挤压过程中晶粒细化机理和变形机理、影响挤压效果的因素分析认为,降低挤压温度、增加背压、减小入口摩擦并适当加大出口摩擦可以有效增加材料组织的均匀性. 认为ECAP加工后材料内部大角度晶界数的增加导致变形机制的改变,晶界滑移导致晶粒转动趋势的增加,这2方面的原因是产生超塑性的主要原因. 提出从单晶材料的织构层面揭示材料的微观组织演变及定量计算多晶体的宏观性质是今后的研究方向.     

Microstructures and properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> dispersion-strengthened copper alloys prepared through different methods

Al₂O₃ dispersion copper alloy powder was prepared by internal oxidation, and three consolidation methods—high-velocity compaction (HVC), hot pressing (HP), and hot extrusion (HE)—were used to prepare Al₂O₃ dispersion-strengthened copper (Cu–Al₂O₃) alloys. The microstructures and properties of these alloys were investigated and compared. The results show that the alloys prepared by the HP and HE methods exhibited the coarsest and finest grain sizes, respectively. The alloy prepared by the HVC method exhibited the lowest relative density (98.3% vs. 99.5% for HP and 100% for HE), which resulted in the lowest electrical conductivity (81% IACS vs. 86% IACS for HP and 87% IACS for HE). However, this alloy also exhibited the highest hardness (77 HRB vs. 69 HRB for HP and 70 HRB for HE), the highest compressive strength (443 MPa vs. 386 MPa for HP and 378 MPa for HE), and the best hardness retention among the investigated alloys. The results illustrate that the alloy prepared by the HVC method exhibits high softening temperature and good mechanical properties at high temperatures, which imply long service life when used as spot-welding electrodes.     

Si及Sb对铸态Mg-Al-Si合金组织和力学性能的影响

用普通铸造法制备不同Al、Si含量的Mg-Al-Si三种合金,研究了Si含量和微量Sb对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Si含量增加,合金中的Mg2Si逐渐变粗大,合金力学性能逐渐提高。添加0.75%Sb后,三种合金均产生Mg3Sb2相,粗大的Mg2Si得到细化,呈相对弥散分布,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度进一步提高。拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of an Al-Mg alloy processed by the cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing approach

Al-Mg alloys are an important class of non-heat treatable alloys in which Mg solute and grain size play essential role in their mechanical properties and plastic deformation behaviors.In this work,a cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing(CCEED)process was proposed and implemented on an Al-3Mg alloy to introduce large plastic deformation.The results showed that the continuous expanded extrusion mainly improved the ductility,while the cold drawing enhanced the strength of the alloy.With the increased processing CCEED passes,the multi-pass cross shear deformation mechanism progressively improved the homogeneity of the hardness distributions and refined grain size.Continuous dynamic recrystallization played an important role in the grain refinement of the processed Al-3Mg alloy rods.Besides,the microstructural evolution was basically influenced by the special thermomechanical deformation conditions during the CCEED process.     

Improved strength and ductility of high alloy containing Al-12Zn-3Mg-2.5Cu alloy by combining non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling

Al-12Zn-3Mg-2.5Cu alloy was prepared using a liquid metallurgy route under the optimized conditions. A sample cut from the ingot was rolled non-isothermally from 400℃ to 100℃ in 100℃ steps, with 15% reduction in thickness; it was then cold rolled isothermally at room temperature for 85% reduction. The cold-rolled alloys were characterized by electron microscopy, hardness test, and tensile test to elucidate their structural evolution and evaluate their mechanical behavior. In the results, the cast alloy consists of α-aluminum and various intermetallic compounds. These compounds are segregated along the grain boundaries, which makes the alloy difficult to roll at room temperature. The combined effect of non-isothermal step rolling and cold rolling results in the nano/microsized compounds distributed uniformly in the matrix. The hardness is substantially increased after rolling. This increase in hardness is attributed to the ultra-fine grain size, fine-scale intermetallic compounds, and structural defects (e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, and sub-grains). The ultimate tensile strength of the rolled alloy is approximately 628 MPa with 7% ductility.     

Effect of Sr addition on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement mechanisms of Sr in the AZ31 magnesium alloys were studied by both phase diagram calculation and experimental analysis.The influence of Sr content on the solute distribution coefficients of Al and Zn during solidification was investigated in order to find out whether Sr addition can enhance the grain refinement efficiency brought by Al and Zn.The results showed that Sr addition can promote the segregation in liquid phases for both Al and Zn during solidification,therefore enhance the grain refinement effects by Al and Zn in AZ31 magnesium alloys.And the effect of Sr addition on the solute distribution coefficients for Al is larger than that of Zn.Sr addition can improve the GRF values by itself and also improve the GRF values of Al and Zn to the AZ31 magnesium alloys,and the grains are refined consequently.     

Effect of homogenization process on the hardness of Zn–Al–Cu alloys

The effect of a homogenizing treatment on the hardness of as-cast Zn–Al–Cu alloys was investigated. Eight alloy compositions were prepared and homogenized at 350 ℃ for 180 h, and their Rockwell “B” hardness was subsequently measured. All the specimens were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and metallographically prepared for observation by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the present work indicated that the hardness of both alloys (as-cast and homogenized) increased with increasing Al and Cu contents; this increased hardness is likely related to the presence of the θ and τ' phases. A regression equation was obtained to determine the hardness of the homogenized alloys as a function of their chemical composition and processing parameters, such as homogenization time and temperature, used in their preparation.     

Influence of ECAP on the fatigue behavior of age-hardenable 2xxx aluminum alloy

The fatigue behavior under load control and the mechanical properties of commercial 2011 aluminum as an age-hardenable Al alloy was studied. To estimate the effects of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process, solution heat treatments, and aging on the fatigue life, tests were conducted at four different stages:furnace cooling; furnace cooling plus one ECAP pass; solid solution heat treatment, quenching, one ECAP pass plus aging at peak age level; and the T6 condition. Only one pass was possible at room temperature because of the high strength of the material. The fracture surface morphology and microstructure after fatigue were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that the optimum fatigue life under load control, the tensile strength, and the Vickers hardness of the material were interdependent. The optimum fatigue life under load control was achieved by increasing the tensile strength and hardness of the material.     

Effect of Silicon Content on Wear Resistance of Al - Si Alloys

The sliding wear behavior of hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic Al - Si alloys under lubricating condition was investigated. The wear mechanism of three kinds of alloys was discussed and an effective way to improve the wear reslstance of Al - Si alloys was put forward, that is increasing the silicon content.