全氟树脂－SbF_5固体超强酸催化剂

用全氟树脂和ＳｂＦ５作用得到一种能在常温下使丁烯烷基化，正戊烷异构的固体超强酸催化剂·酸强度为－１６．１２≤Ｈ０＜－１４．５２．用ＸＰＳ测定了催化剂中Ｓｂ的电子结合能，并讨论了超强酸产生的原因．     

粘土固体超强酸的合成与表征

用粘土合成固体超强酸．对该酸进行了结构表征、酸函数测定（－１３．１６＜Ｈ＿ｏ＜－１２．７０）及催化己二酸二辛酯的合成反应．结果表明，它的催化活性超过浓Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４，并且可以重复使用．     

SO^2—4／TiO2—Al2O3—SnO2固体超强酸的制备及其催化…

制备了酸强度为－１４．５２的ＳＯ＾２－４／ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ｓＮｏ２固体超强酸，考察了浸渍液Ｈ２ＳＯ４的浓度，金属原子配经，焙浇温度及焙浇时间对其酸强度的影响。用该催化剂催化合成马来酸二正戊酯，具有很好的催化性能。     

用固体酸催化剂催化合成甲酸乙醇的研究

本文报道两种不同的固体酸催化剂ＨＺＳＭ－５和磷钨酸／膨润土对合成甲酸乙酯的催化性能，并探讨了常压液固相和常压气固相反应条件对催化性能的影响．     

固体催化剂酸强度及其分布的研究

利用胺滴定法在Ｈ０为＋５．０－－８．２范围的环已烷溶液中观察吸附的Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂的颜色变化，选用ＰＫα值不同的几种指示剂，测出不同酸强度下的固体催化剂酸量，作出酸强度分布曲线，探讨了其规律性。     

磷钨酸/活性炭催化合成二甘醇双丙烯酸酯

用磷钨酸／活性炭为催化剂，催化合成二甘醇双丙烯酸酯，其性能优于硫酸和其他质子酸。结果表明，在酸醇物质的量比为2．1：1、催化剂用量为丙烯酸质量的1．3％、反应温度为115－120℃、反应时间75min及以甲苯为共沸剂的条件下，酯化率达94．2％，产品质量分数大于98％，并且催化剂可以重复使用多次。     

用固体酸催化剂催化合成甲酸乙酯的研究

本文报道两种不同的固体酸催化剂ＨＺＳＭ－５和磷钨酸／膨润土对合成甲酸乙酯的催化性能，并探讨了常压液固相和常压气固相反应条件对催化性能的影响。     

膨润土复氧化物催化剂的研制及其催化性能

以经过活化处理的膨润土为载体,用沉淀法混合负载下Ｔｉ和Ａｌ,再经硫酸处理,制得ＳＯ＾２－４／Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｏ／膨润土固体酸,考察了其对羧酸酯化反应催化活性,探讨了催化剂的制备条件及反应条件的影响,用ＸＲＤ,ＤＴＡ,ＴＧ,ＳＳＡ,ＮＨ＾－３ＴＰＤ和ＩＣＰ等技术对催化剂的理化性质进行表征,并用Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂正丁胺滴定法测定了该催化剂表面总酸量及酸强度分布。     

膨润土固载H3PMo12O40催化乙醇脱水制乙醚

以膨润土固载Ｈ３ＰＭｏ１２Ｏ４０制备的固体酸催化剂，采用连续流动气－固相法催化乙醇脱水制乙醚获得了较好的催化效果。探讨了反应动力学条件对反应的影响，获得了制乙醚的反应条件。     

应用多种单克隆抗体联合检测大肠癌的早期诊断探索

应用４种单克隆抗体、通过免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法，对大肠癌、大肠腺癌、癌旁粘膜和正常大肠粘膜进行标志．７２例大肠癌组织中阳性表达率分别为ＳＣ１２Ａ８７．５％；ＳＣ１６Ａ７６．３％；ＣＳＡ９１．６６％；ＣＥＡ９５．８％，与正常大肠粘膜阳性表达１３．３％比较，均有非常显著差异．２７例脉瘤组织中阳性表达率分别为ＳＣ１２Ａ５９．２５％；ＳＣ１６Ａ５９．２５％：ＣＳＡ７０．３７％；ＣＥＡ７０．３７％；和正常大肠粘膜比较有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；和大肠癌比较、除ＳＣ１６Ａ无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）外，其它三种均有高度差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），对排除癌有一定意义．４９例癌旁粘膜阳性表达率分别为：ＳＣ１２Ａ５７．１％；ＳＣ１６Ａ４６．９％；ＣＳＡ６７．３％；ＣＥＡ５１％阳性细胞分布虽然主要在腺腔内缘．范围较局限．但这么高的抗原表达，支持了Ｆｉｌｉｐｅ等的“移行粘膜”学说     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with