半精化双正交Lanczos方法

根据精化投影方法的思想及双正交Lanczos过程提出一种近似精化方法－－半精化及正交Lanczos方法，并给出了半精化近似特征对与精化近似特征对对应的残量范数之间的关系，数值实验表明了新算法的优越性。     

量子力学中的超对称

超对称性是在量子场论中引人的新概念，对于超出标准模型的新物理的研究起着重要的作用。十几年前，理论物理学家们把它移植到量子力学，补充了传统量子力学教材的不足，提供了对处理位势问题求解的一种新观点和新方法。它不仅使某些本征值问题可以用简捷而优雅的代数方法求得解析解，也对所有感兴趣的势问题给出了新的改进的近似方法。     

扩展Hubbard模型局域方法的四阶近似

应用局域方法四阶近似，计算了扩展Ｈｕｂｂａｒｄ模型顺磁相的相关性，局域磁矩和反铁磁极化。计算表明，当电子密度ｎ较小时，尽管Ｕ和Ｗ可以很大，对三阶近似结果仍没有明显修正，只有当ｎ，Ｕ和Ｗ都较大时，对三阶近似结果的修正才变得明显。     

求解非对称线性方程组的总体拟极小向后扰动方法

在利用QPMR方法求解非对称线性方程组(尤其是病态方程组)的Lanczos过程中通常会发生算法中断或数值不稳定的情况．为解决这个问题，将求解非对称线性方程组的QMR方法与总体向后扰动范数拟极小化的技巧相结合，给出求解非对称线性方程组的总体拟极小向后扰动方法(TQMBACK方法)，同时，为减少存储量和运算量，新算法将采用重新开始的循环格式，通常人们采用残量范数作为判断算法终止的准则，但是，当近似解非常接近真值时，残量范数是小的，而反过来不一定，为克服残量范数作为算法终止准则的不足，将总体向后扰动范数作为判断算法终止的准则，得到求解非对称线性方程组的循环总体拟极小向后扰动方法(RTQMBAK方法)，数值实验表明，新算法比Lanczos方法和QMR方法收敛速度更快．而且，新算法对求解病态的非对称线性方程组很有效。     

一种新的分类评测方法

分类算法的现有评价指标存在一些问题,主要是评测数值在不同的数据集上呈现剧烈波动。为解决这一问题,通过考察数据集对分类结果的影响,提出了一种对分类算法的新评测指标new-macro-F1。这一新评测指标将数据集的因素从评测过程中独立了出来,使得new-macro-F1表示的仅仅是分类算法本身。实验结果表明使用新评测指标,同一分类器在不同数据集上的表现波动较小;通过分类器在一个数据集上的表现,可以近似的估计该分类器在另一数据集上的分类质量。     

简论普通物理教学的近似方法

结合普通物理教学中的典型例子，简要论述了近似方法在处理物理问题时的必要性和实用性。     

利用鞍点逼近与Bootstrapping方法估计统计量的分布

统计量分布的确定是统计推断的一个关键工作，在总体分布已知的条件下，鞍点逼近在很多场合可以给出统计量分布的良好近似．在介绍鞍点逼近方法的基础上给出了一个结合鞍点逼近与Bootstrapping方法估计统计量分布的方法，解决了总体分布未知的条件下统计量近似分布的估计问题，并以样本均值的分布为例进行了讨论。     

具左右分数阶导数的时滞微分方程的正解存在性及迭代求解法

研究了带有左右Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数的非线性时滞泛函微分方程积分边值问题。运用上下解方法,得到了边值问题正解的存在性和唯一性的新结论,给出了求边值问题近似解的迭代方法,并对近似解进行了误差估计。最后给出了具体实例用于说明本文所得结论与方法具有广泛的适用性。     

基于Hensel构造的回归神经网络符号计算模型及算法

将传统意义下Hensel构造提升的方法与回归神经网络模型有机地结合起来，提出一种基于Hensel构造方法的回归神经网络近似代数符号计算新模型和PFRNN网络算法。该模型不但具有回归神经网络的特点，而且具有Hensel构造提升的思想，给人们研究代数符号计算与近似代数符号计算提供一种可视化手段。通过多元多项式近似因式分解算例分析可以看出，新模型刻划出在符号计算意义下精确计算与近似计算的本质与联系。     

一类反应扩散方程组的近似惯性流形

本文研究了一类反应扩散方程组的长时间行为，利用线性Galerkin方法和压缩映象原理，构造了两类近似惯性流形，并证明了该方程纽的任意解轨道在长时间后，进入近似惯性流形的一个任意小邻域中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to