New dragonflies （Insecta： Odonata： Gomphaeschnidae） from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia,China

Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard ＆ Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.     

New fossil elaterids （Insect： Coleoptera： Polyphaga： Elateridae） from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new genus with a new species of fossil elaterid, Paraprotagrypnus superbus gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village (N41°18.979′, E119°14.318′), Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China is described and illustrated. The genus Paraprotagrypnus belongs to the family of Elateridae, subfamily of Protagrypninae and tribe of Protagrypnini. Some primitive characters of the new genus and new species shed light on the ages between the Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia and the Yixian Formation in the western Liaoning Province of China. The habitat of the new species is briefly discussed.     

A new fossil genus of Mesosciophilidae （Diptera, Nematocera） with two new species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new genus within the family Mesosciophilidae,Jurasciophila gen.nov.,with two new species,J.curvula gen.et sp.nov.and J.lepida gen.et sp.nov.,are described and illustrated.They are established based on fossil specimens with bodies and complete wings.All of them were collected from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou in southeastern Inner Mongolia,China.Comparing with two known genera,Mesosciophilina (Kovalev,1985) and Mesosciophilopsis (Blagoderov,1994),the new genus has transitional characters.The distribution pattern of Mesosciophilidae is briefly discussed.     

Tingia unita sp. nov. （Noeggerathiales） with strobilus from the Lower Permian of Wuda, Inner Mongolia, China

A number of specimens recently collected from the Early Permian Shanxi Formation of Wuda, Inner Mongolia demonstrate that the leafy shoot and strobilus of Tingia unita sp. nov. are both sprouting from a common stem, and consequently improve our understanding of the whole plant mor- phology of this enigmatic taxon of the Cathaysian flora. The strobili are cylinder-like, 1.7-2.5 cm in diameter and over 20 cm in length, with a basal stalk 7―8 mm in width and about 7 cm long. Sporophylls are verticillate, with approximately 8-10 in a whorl. On the adaxial side of each sporophyll a sporangium is attached. The strobilus is heterosporous and the microspores are of the Punctatisporites type. Large leaves vary from linear to oblong with entire lateral margins but are slightly lobed at the apex. Small leaves are generally the same as the large leaves but much narrower. The whole plant is probably a small arborescent tree with leafy shoots and strobili forming a crown, rather than a water plant with larger leaves floating on the surface of the water as previously understood. Features of the new species are in favor of the close affinity between Tingia Halle and Noeg- gerathiales, and accordingly the affinity of Noeg- gerathiales to Progymnospermophyta.     

A new Mesozoic caudate （Liaoxitriton daohugouensis sp.nov.） from Inner Mongolia,China

Fossil caudates are rare and mostly preserved by fragmentary material in the Mesozoic. The recent reports of five monotypic genera with articulated skeletons in China have thus drawn worldwide attention. These Chinese forms are yielded in the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group or slightly lower horizon, and have relatively earlier     

Upper Pleistocene human scapula from Salawusu, Inner Mongolia, China

The fossil tooth found in Salawusu Valley, Inner Mongolia is the first Paleolithic human fossil found in China and even in East Asia[1, 2]. The Paleolithic arti- facts recognized in Salawusu as well as those in Shui- donggou represent the earliest Paleoli…     

Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae， Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov.　and P. pteroideus sp. nov.， are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

Discovery of Middle Jurassic palaeontinids from Inner Mongolia, China (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)

A new genus and three new species of fossil Palaeontinidae, Papilioncossus conchatus sp. nov., P. giganteus sp. nov. and P. pteroideus sp. nov., are described. All of them were collected from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on distal part of forewing broader and longer than basal and Sc usually with branches, the new taxa are attributed to Palaeontinidae of Homoptera and compared with genus Pseudocossus. A key to species of Papilioncossus gen. nov. is provided. All type specimens are deposited in the Capital Normal University.     

New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China

Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.     

Preliminary elemental analysis of fossil insects from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia and its taphonomic implications

Fossil insects from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for the first time, and portions and distribution of some elements in compression and pyrited fossils were also revealed by X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) attached to SEM. Most of compression fossil insects from the Daohugou Biota are preserved in organic remains (diagenetic products of the original organic components). A small part of compression fossils retain a comparatively high Fe concentration which probably resulted from the absorption of Fe by biopolymers during the decaying period. Pyritized insect fossils suggest that the “fossil envelop” model found in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota probably also occurs in the Daohugou Biota. Different preservation modes show various mechanisms of fossilization, and also suggest that several different microenvironments are present in Daohugou palaeolakes. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806400), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40872015, 40523004, 40632010), and Special Fund for Graduates in the Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Two Jurassic salamanders with stomach contents from Inner Mongolia,China

Conchostracans and corixids are part of the diet of extant salamanders,an ecologically important fact in a lacustrine environment. Here we report their discovery in the guts of the aquatic Jurassic salamanders Jeholotriton paradoxus and Chunerpeton tianyiensis, formerly abundant at Daohugou,Ningcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.This reveals something of the ecology of this im- portant,ancient,vertebrate and invertebrate assemblage.The new fossil evidence indicates the highly selective feeding of these Jurassic salamanders;Jeholotriton preyed only on juveniles of the conchostracan Euestheria luanpingensis,and Chunerpeton only on the corixid Yanliaocorixa chinensis.We can infer the dietary differences as a consequence of different jaw and hyoid structures; and thus niche partitioning in Jurassic salamanders.     

Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia

Recent fieldwork has extended the distribution of the Daohugou Bed deposits from the Daohugou Village to its several neighboring areas. The fossil-bearing Daohugou deposits uncomformably overlie complex bedrocks, and comprise three major parts. The red shales in the lower part were misidentified as belonging to the Tuchengzi Formation. Field excavation has indicated that the shales of upper part of the bed are the major fossil-bearing horizon. Due to strong tectonic activities, sediments were often folded with the sequences inverted in the region. Some newly recognized contacts between the Daohugou Bed and the volcanic rocks showed that the ignimbrite of the Tiaojishan Formation （159-164 Ma） underlies the Daohugou deposits, rather than overlying the latter as previously proposed. Thus, the age of the Daohugou deposits should be younger than the age of the ignimbrite, and thus it was incorrect to correlate the Daohugou Bed with the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation. Although biostratigraphic studies based on conchostracans and insects support a Middle Jurassic-early Late Jurassic age for the Daohugou deposits, vertebrate fossils such as Liaoxitriton, Jeholopterus and feathered maniraptorans show much resemblance to those of the Yixian Formation. In other words, despite the absence of Lycoptera, a typical fish of the Jehol Biota, the Daohugou vertebrate assemblage is closer to that of the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota than to any other biota. We propose that the Daohugou fossil assemblage probably represents the earliest evolutionary stage of the Jehol Biota based on both vertebrate biostratigraphy and the sedimentological and volcanic features which suggest the Daohugou deposit belongs to the same cycle of volcanism and sedimentation as the Yixian Formation of the Jehol Group.     

内蒙古苜蓿盲蝽属Adelphocoris Reuter的记述——(异翅亚目:盲蝽科)

本文首次对内蒙古苜蓿盲蝽属Adelphocoris Reuter 的17种昆虫进行了系统的记述,其中黑唇苗蓿盲蝽A.nigritylus Hsiao,三环苜蓿盲蝽A. triannulatus(Stal),光胸苜蓿盲蝽A.laeviusculus Vinokurov,中黑苜蓿盲蝽A.suturalis(Jakovlev),淡尖苜蓿盲蝽A.apicalis Reuter,淡缘苜蓿盲蝽A.luridus Reuter,短小苜蓿盲蝽A.ponghvariensis josifov 等7种为我区首次记录的害虫,四点褐苜蓿盲蝽A. piceosetosus Kulik 为中国新记录种。文中例出该属内蒙古种类分种检索表,并简要描述了上述新记录种的特征。     

Occurrences of Permian radiolarians in central and eastern Nei Mongol （Inner Mongolia） and their geological significance to the Northern China Orogen

The Zhesi (Jisu) Formation of the Middle Permian in Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) was commonly considered to be a shallow marine sequence. Here I report the radiolarians found in the argillite bed of that formation in Zhesi and Xilinhot areas. This fact indicates a deep marine sedimentary facies persisted during the Middle Permian, and suggests that the ocean between the North China Block and Siberian Craton was not closed until the Late Guadalupian. The suture of this two blocks is probably extends along the Linxi ophiolite belt, south of the Hegenshan ophiolite belt.     

New dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphaeschnidae) from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia, China

Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County,Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, I.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen.et sp. Nov. And Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. Et sp. Nov. Within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard & Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.