纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末烧结过程中的致密化与显微组织演变

采用溶胶喷雾干燥-热还原法制备纳米晶93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末,利用高温热膨胀仪测定和研究纳米品复合粉末的烧结收缩动力学曲线特征,计算纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的固相烧结激活能,并利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析致密化过程中显微组织的演变规律.研究结果表明:纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的开始收缩和剧烈收缩温度分别为900℃和1 120℃,其最大的线收缩率达0.097 ％/℃;在1 200℃以下的固相烧结阶段,压坯便发生显著的致密化,其致密化程度可达98％以上,固相烧结的表观激活能为154.83 kJ/mol,比传统粉末烧结激活能大大降低;在固相烧结期间,W晶粒尺寸长大缓慢,在1 380℃以上液相烧结时W晶粒长大急剧加快.     

超细晶粒W-40%Cu合金的烧结和力学性能

以纳米W,Cu粉末为原料,通过测定H2中热压烧结和无压烧结的收缩动力学曲线,研究了纳米W-40%Cu化学混合粉末的致密化过程.对比了纳米W粉与常规Cu粉(-44μm)的机械混合粉和纳米W-Cu化学混合粉的热压烧结致密化过程.测定了烧结合金在300℃和500℃下高温应力一应变曲线.实验结果表明:采用纳米W-40%Cu化学混合粉末在H2中无压烧结时最大收缩速率对应温度为980℃;1 200℃烧结平均晶粒小于2μm,相对密度为97%.纳米W-Cu化学混合粉在H2热压烧结时最大收缩速率对应温度为930℃;1 200℃烧结合金的平均晶粒为0.5 μm,相对密度为98%.纳米W-Cu化学混合粉热压合金高温抗压强度比纳米W与常规Cu粉的热压合金高.     

纳米W-Ni-Fe复合粉末制备技术研究现状

钨合金具有高密度、高硬度、高强度和延性好等优良综合力学性能和特性,是广泛应用于国防工业、航空航天和民用工业的军民两用合金材料。现代科技发展对钨合金性能提出了更高的要求。高密度钨合金一般经W、Ni、Fe及其它合金元素粉末的混合、压制、液相烧结,以及后处理等工艺制备而成。然而,要获得高性能钨合金,细晶、超细晶或纳米晶W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的制备是重要前提。本文从技术角度总结和分析现有的纳米W-Ni-Fe复合粉末的制备方法,对其优点及不足进行了介绍。     

纳米添加剂对W-Ni-Cu合金性能的影响

研究了纳米添加剂对W Ni Cu合金性能的影响和作用机理;用扫描电镜和金相显微分析技术研究了合金的形貌与结构;测量了合金试样的物理力学性能.研究结果表明:加入纳米添加剂可降低烧结温度;选用的纳米添加剂对钨晶粒的长大起了抑制作用,细化了W Ni Cu合金的晶粒;适量的纳米添加剂大部分分布于Ni Cu粘结相中.在该实验条件下,在1430℃烧结得到了全致密的W Ni Cu合金.     

SPS烧结温度对93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金微观结构及性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe复合粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备93W--4.9Ni-2.1Fe合金,研究了烧结温度对钨合金微观组织及性能的影响.采用扫描电镜对试样的断口进行观察,采用能量色散谱仪对合金的组元进行成分分析.结果表明:①烧结温度对合金的性能有显著的影响,在1 350℃时钨合金的抗拉强度达到一个极大值,为981 MPa,此时钨合金的相对密度和W晶粒的尺寸分别为98.9%和5μm;②当烧结温度达到1375℃时,合金中Ni元素开始挥发,随着温度的快速上升,合金中Ni元素的挥发不断加剧,当烧结温度升高至1425℃时合金中Ni元素已完全挥发;③合金的断裂方式随着烧结温度的升高发生显著的变化,当烧结温度升至1350℃时钨合金的断裂方式由W晶粒界面分离向W-W、W-黏结相界面断裂转变,而当烧结温度超过此温度时钨合金的断裂方式又转变为W晶粒的沿晶脆性断裂;④SPS快速烧结能够有效抑制W晶粒的长大,促进钨合金的细晶强化作用.     

高Ni/Fe比 W-Ni-Fe系重合金烧结行为

研究了钨质量分数为９０％的高Ｎｉ／Ｆｅ比Ｗ-Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ系重合金在不同工艺参数（烧结温度、 烧结时间等）下的烧结行为．研究结果表明：在相同烧结条件下,随粘结相中ＮｉＮｅ比增加钨合 金烧结密度增加,致密化速率提高,同时烧结过程中Ｗ晶粒生长速率增大：当Ｎｉ／Ｆｅ比较低时, 钨合金在循环烧结条件下难以实现完全致密化;但对高Ｎｉ／Ｆｅ比钨合金,循环烧结不仅可以获 得比等温烧结更高的烧结密度,而且还可以有效地控制烧结过程中Ｗ晶粒的长大,获得细晶 钨合金．     

氧化钛纳米陶瓷的制备及其结构与力学性能

为探讨在无压烧结过程中TiO2纳米陶瓷的致密化与晶粒长大的关系以及纳米陶瓷的结构对其力学性能的影响,采用溶胶一凝胶技术制备的不同颗粒粒径的TiO2纳米粉体经冷压成型后无压烧结TiO2纳米陶瓷.研究结果表明:利用相变辅助无压烧结方法在800℃烧结获得了晶粒粒径小于60 nm、相对密度超过95%的TiO2纳米块体陶瓷:当800℃以下烧结时,TiO2纳米陶瓷的相对密度随烧结温度的升高而快速增大,而TiO2纳米陶瓷的平均晶粒粒径随烧结温度升高则缓慢长大;当大于800℃的温度烧结时,TiO2纳米陶瓷的致密化加快,但陶瓷的晶粒粒径则快速长大.TiO2纳米陶瓷的显微硬度主要取决于TiO2纳米陶瓷的相对密度和平均晶粒粒径,即纳米氧化钛陶瓷的相对密度越大,晶粒粒径越小,则显微硬度越大.     

W-Ni-Fe高比重合金的SPS烧结行为

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)设备制备了93W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe高比重合金,烧结温度范围为1 100～1 180 ℃,保温时间为5 min.对不同烧结温度下的样品进行了密度、硬度、抗弯强度等性能测试,采用场发射SEM观察了样品表面形貌及断裂行为.结果表明:采用SPS烧结,可以在较低的温度下实现93W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe高比重合金的固相烧结,使合金致密化,并能有效控制钨晶粒长大,提高材料的硬度、抗弯强度等力学性能.     

一种新型晶粒长大抑制剂对YG10硬质合金烧结行为的影响

研究了一种新型晶粒长大抑制剂对机械合金化制备的纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末真空烧结行为的影响,探讨了其影响机理.研究结果表明:新型晶粒长大抑制剂有利于烧结致密化;在传统的过渡族元素碳化物基础上添加新型晶粒长大抑制剂,能明显提高复合抑制剂抑制晶粒长大效果,使WC晶粒在烧结过程中明显发生定向生长,抑制盘状WC晶粒的形成;含0.1%新型晶粒长大抑制剂的WC-10Co-0.8VC/Cr3C2纳米晶复合粉末压坯在1375℃烧结30 min后密度为14.48 g/cm3,WC晶粒尺寸为160 nm,显微硬度为2.150 GPa.     

W-TiC合金的烧结行为及其显微组织演变

采用粉末冶金方法制备W-TiC合金,研究W-TiC合金的烧结行为,并对合金的显微组织演变进行分析。结果表明:W-TiC合金粉末具有高的烧结活性,合金致密化过程主要发生在1 500~1 800℃,经1 800℃常压烧结120 min后,合金相对密度即达97.5%;当温度提高至1700℃甚至更高温度后,合金显微组织均匀性明显改善;在高温烧结过程中,添加TiC与W形成(W,Ti)C固溶体以及含W,Ti,C和O元素的复合物粒子相,均匀分布在W基体中,有效地抑制了W晶粒长大,提高了合金性能;在1 950℃烧结120 min后,其相对密度为98.1%,显微硬度达最大值HV670.4,相对纯W提高29.3%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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