乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的临床观察

目的：探讨乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性携带者孕妇应用乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）阻断乙肝病毒（HBV）母婴传播的效果。方法：将HBsAg阳性携带者孕妇所生新生儿分为HBIG组和对照组;HBIG组孕妇28、32、36周各注射HBIG200IU,对照组仅常规产检及监护;对新生儿出生时静脉血作乙肝两对半和HBV—DNA检测。结果：HBIG组新生儿的宫内感染率和HBV—DNA阳性率无明显降低,抗一HBs检出率无明显提高。结论：采用的HBIG接种时间和剂量尚未能完全有效阻断HBV的母婴传播。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染与母婴宫内垂直传播的临床研究

目的研究孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染与母婴宫内垂直传播的关系。方法选取我院2007年3月至2009年11月于佛山市第一人民医院产前检查及足月分娩的120例HBsAg阳性孕妇及其新生儿作为研究对象,采集孕妇静脉血及新生儿脐血进行HBV血清学标志物和HBVDNA的检测,了解新生儿HBV母婴宫内垂直传播的情况。结果 120例HBsAg阳性孕妇新生儿宫内感染率为12.4%;新生儿出生24 h内HBsAg、HBeAg、HBV-DNA阳性率分别为14.2%、15.8%、5.0%;HBeAg阳性孕妇新生儿HBsAg、HBeAg阳性率高于HBeAg阴性孕妇,2组比较统计学有差异(P0.05);新生儿宫内感染率随着HBV-DNA复制水平的增加而逐渐升高,HBV-DNA复制水平与新生儿宫内感染率呈正相关。结论孕妇HBeAg阳性、和或HBV DNA高复制水平是新生儿宫内垂直传播的高危因素。     

乙肝孕妇抗病毒治疗中胎盘Hofbauer细胞的作用

产前有效的抗病毒治疗可显著降低乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播率.胎盘Hofbauer细胞递呈相关抗原及具有游走性,是介导HBV宫内感染一重要靶位.抗病毒治疗可能通过影响胎盘Hofbauer细胞的分布及感染情况,从而调节新生儿免疫功能,达到阻断HBV宫内感染的效果,阐述乙肝孕妇抗病毒治疗中胎盘Hofbauer细胞的作用.     

HIV阳性孕妇母婴阻断的护理体会

目的：妊娠期妇女的HIV感染已成为全球艾滋病流行中最令人关注的问题,阳性母亲通过怀孕、分娩和哺乳把病毒传播给胎儿和婴儿,导致婴幼儿早亡。因此,阻断HIV母婴传播非常重要。方法：术前应用药物做好母婴阻断,术中医务人员注意自我保护,术后采取母婴隔离。结果：采用目前国际上推荐的治疗方案,使用奈韦拉平、拉米夫定、齐多夫定可有效阻断病毒在母婴间的传播。结论：正确规范实施HIV母婴阻断措施,可有效降低HIV母婴传播。     

乙肝母婴阻断后婴儿静脉血乙型肝炎五项指标的实验室检测分析

目的:研究乙型肝炎病毒母婴阻断后的临床效果.方法:乙型肝炎血清标志物阳性的116例孕妇母婴阻断后婴儿一岁时,采集静脉血,用MEIA法与ELISA法分别检测乙型肝炎五项指标并进行对比研究.结果:116例婴儿静脉血ELISA法检测结果为:抗-HBs(+)比例为72.4%,用MEIA法检测:抗-HBs(+)比例为73.3%;两种方法检测无显著差别(P＞0.05).结论:HBV母婴垂直传播的发生率很高,母亲及婴儿乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG)联合乙肝疫苗注射可显著提高HBV母婴传播阻断效果.     

免疫接种乙肝疫苗防治效果探讨

目的：了解免疫接种乙肝疫苗后产生乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）的阳性率和人群乙肝病毒（HBV）的感染率,来评价1992年我国乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理和2002年乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫以及卫生部/全球疫苗免疫联盟乙肝疫苗合作项目实施的效果。方法：对所有调查对象均采集静脉血4ml,由中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病所统一使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法对标本进行检测,统一检测表面抗原（HBsAg）,抗-HBs,核心抗体（抗-HBc）,对HBsAg阳性者再做e抗原（HBeAg）和e抗体（抗-HBe）检测。根据乙肝疫苗推广的时间分为1～4岁组69人,5～14岁组89人,15～59岁157人,对检测结果进行相关分析。结论：乙肝疫苗的推广和乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫对全人群的免疫水平都有很大的提高,尤其对婴儿预防乙肝病毒感染有显著的效果。     

拉米夫定联合免疫汤治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效分析

目的比较拉米夫定联合免疫汤和单用拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法选择慢性乙肝患者84例,随机分为拉米夫定联合免疫汤组与单用拉米夫定组,每组42例,每组口服用药6个月即停药,停药后继续观察6个月。以谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、总胆红素（SB）、乙肝病毒标志物（HBsAg,HBeAg,HBV—DNA）为观察指标,比较不同治疗方案对指标的影响。结果拉米夫定联合免疫汤组与单用拉米夫定组比较,能有效地提高HBsAg、HBeAg及HBV—DNA阴转率（P〈0．05）。结论拉米夫定联合免疫汤治疗慢性乙肝疗效相对于单用拉米夫定治疗慢性乙肝疗效有更多的临床价值。     

HBsAg阳性母亲新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫效果分析

本文就HBsAg(乙型病毒性肝炎)阳性母亲新生儿乙型肝炎的预防及免疫效果作了阐述，并总结出一套行之有效的免疫方案。     

大理吸毒人群HBV感染的调查及基因型研究

目的：调查大理吸毒人群乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的基因型和亚型。方法：采集大理市某戒毒所吸毒人群血清共192份，采用酶联吸附免疫法（ELISA）测定HBV血清标志物（HBVM），再采用基因型特异性引物PCR和聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法测定HBV感染血清基因型和亚型。结果：192份血清中，HBsAg阳性率8．85％（17／192）。17份HBsAg阳性标本中基因型分别为：B型3例，均为Ba型；C型1例，为Cs型；B＋C混合型3例（Ba＋Cs）；未扩增10例。结论：大理吸毒人群HBV感染率较高；HBV感染的基因型为B型、C型和B＋C型，基因亚型为Ba和Cs。     

福清城头镇人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果

目的：为了解城头镇人群己型病毒性肝炎（乙肝）流行现状,评价实施乙肝疫苗免疫15年后,人群乙肝病毒（HBV）感染的血清流行病学变动趋势。确定城头镇人群乙肝的综合预防控制策略。方法：采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对全镇29个行政村1－59岁人群共1500人进行了乙肝血清流行病学调查,并用酶联免疫法检测了乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsA曲、乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗－HBs）。结果：城头镇调查人群HBsAg、抗－HBs、阳性率分别是7．2％、52％,与1992年病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查结果9．75％的HBsAg携带率相比全人群HBsAg携带率下降26．36％。结论：接种乙肝疫苗是控制人群HBV感染的有效措施,能明显提高抗－HBs阳性率,降低HBsAg携带率,提高人群对HBV的免疫保护能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with