生物大分子的化学发光成像研究

本文介绍了三种化学发光成像法在人血清结合珠蛋白分型电泳的快速检测方面的应用。这三种方法都是基于鲁米诺一过氧化氢发光体系。使用免疫化学发光成像法，直接化学发光成像法和增强化学发光成像法，能够提高对结合珠蛋白检测的灵敏度，获得更宽的线性范围。我们使用这三种方法完成了对结合珠蛋白的快速、高灵敏、高选择性的检测。     

Ru(bpy)32+固相电致化学发光研究进展

将可电化学再生的电致化学发光(ECL)试剂固定于电极表面，由此获得ECL传感器，从而减少分析过程中试剂的消耗和简化实验装置。本文综述了联吡啶钌及其衍生物的固相ECL近年来的研究进展，并简要介绍了各种固定方法及其相关的应用情况。     

鲁米诺体系的多通道电致化学发光

本文综述了鲁米诺体系在金属、非金属以及半导体电极上的电位分辨电致化学发光行为和机理,揭示了鲁米诺电致化学发光的多通道性及其对电极材料、电极电位和电极表面状态的依赖性。     

偶合反应化学发光分析

偶合反应化学发光分析是扩大化学发光分析应用范围的一种有效途径。本文主要从酶联化学发光分析、无机偶合反应化学发光分析、光化学反应一化学发光分析和电化学反应一化学发光分析四个方面对偶合反应化学发光分析的研究状况进行了评述。     

基于纳米材料的化学发光传感器研究

本文合成了多种纳米材料,在此基础上设计了乙醇、乙醛、氨、三甲基胺等化学发光传感器。并对传感器的灵敏度、选择性、使用寿命等参数进行了评价．证明了这类传感器具有良好的传感性能,是一类有前途的化学发光传感器。     

基于专利分析的化学发光免疫分析技术全球发展趋势研究

基于Innography平台,本文对化学发光免疫分析技术全球专利进行检索和统计分析,从专利权人和国家地区分布、专利质量分析和专利文本聚类分析以及专利侵权风险等角度进行深入解读。分析结果表明,全球化学发光免疫分析研究总体呈上升趋势,专利申请主要集中在美国、日本、德国、中国,美国综合实力最强,高价值专利量最多,最大的两家公司-罗氏和雅培各有一个庞大的专利家族对自己的核心技术进行保护。文本聚类的结果揭示:1)肿瘤标志物、心脏标志物的检测是热点应用领域; 2)化学发光微粒子免疫分析、磁性微粒、固相载体等技术是近年来的热点技术。最后对中国化学发光免疫分析技术的发展提出了建议。     

钌(Ⅱ)配合物化学发光反应及其分析应用研究进展

近几年来，钌(Ⅱ)配合物化学发光反应及其分析应用研究进展较快，本文对钌(Ⅱ)配合物化学发光反应新体系、分析应用新方法、与分离技术联用、试剂衍生与固定化等方面的研究进行了评述。     

过氧草酰类化学发光分析研究的新进展

过氧草酰类化学发光体系具有很高的发光效率并且适于多种类型物质检测。本文对此类发光试剂在分析化学领域的最新研究进行评述，主要内容包括发光机理的研究，新试剂的合成以及在分析检测中的应用。     

2,4-二氯苯酚的光敏化转化及其电致化学发光现象的研究

在荧光素存在下,氯代酚类物质经光敏化转化后通过电极反应可产生化学发光现象.本文研究了介质的酸度、光敏剂以及电压等因素对电致发光强度的影响,并且在表面活性剂CTAB的存在下,化学发光强度会大大提高.研究表明,在氯代酚的光敏化转化过程中,单线态氧起到关键的作用,并且通过色谱分离后的化学发光检测实验证明转化产物为过氧化物类物质.     

电化学三维微沉积技术及其研究进展

电化学沉积加工技术是一种以原子量级逐层堆叠方式来进行金属基材料制备与零件制造的特种加工技术,具有适用材料广、实施温度低(一般70℃以下)、应用形式灵活、易于控性控形、不受尺寸限制等优点,在面向金属微增材制造方面颇具发展潜能.本文主要介绍了以电化学沉积工艺为主体来制造三维金属微结构与零件的代表性技术,包括掩膜电沉积、即膜沉积、electrochemical fabrication(EFAB)、局域生长电沉积、喷射电沉积、电化学打印、月牙形电解液约束三维电沉积成形、电化学扫描隧道显微镜技术等,着重阐释了它们的工艺原理、关键技术、优势与不足以及存在的主要问题和挑战,并对该技术领域未来的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望.     

质子传导陶瓷膜在催化脱氢反应中的应用

有机化合物催化脱氢是一种吸热、体积增大的可逆反应过程,通过特定的膜将反应过程中生成的氢气不断地移出反应区,可促使反应向产物方向移动,从而提高反应转化率、减少副反应并最终达到降低反应温度、提高产率的目的。质子传导陶瓷膜可以以质子传递方式选择性透过氢,具有成本低、选择高,耐高温、热稳定及化学稳定性能好、不易中毒等特点,非常适合于脱氢膜反应器。本文对质子传导陶瓷膜材料、透氢机理、膜制备、膜反应器及其用于脱氢反应的研究现状与进展情况进行了综述。     

Photon emission of phagocytes in relation to stress and disease.

Phagocytes, the first-line cells of the body's defence mechanisms against invading pathogens, kill microorganisms by means of lysosomal degradative enzymes and highly toxic reactive oxygen intermediates. The reactive oxygen compounds are produced, in a process called the 'respiratory burst', by the NADPH oxidase complex in plasma membranes, and by myeloperoxidase in phagolysosomes after degranulation. These processes generate electronically excited states which, on relaxation, emit photons, giving rise to phagocyte chemiluminescence (CL). This paper describes the conditions for the measurement of CL, and reviews the activity of phagocytes from individuals undergoing stress or disease. The capability of phagocytes to emit photons reflects remarkably well the pathophysiological state of the host. In many cases even the magnitude of the stress, the presence of a pathogen in the body, or the activity of the disease can be estimated. Physiological changes, e.g. in the reproductive cycle, can also be predicted.     

Photon emission of phagocytes in relation to stress and disease

Phagocytes, the first-line cells of the body's defence mechanisms against invading pathogens, kill microorganisms by means of lysosomal degradative enzymes and highly toxic reactive oxygen intermediates. The reactive oxygen compounds are produced, in a process called the ‘respiratory burst’, by the NADPH oxidase complex in plasma membranes, and by myeloperoxidase in phagolysosomes after degranulation. These processes generate electronically excited states which, on relaxation, emit photons, giving rise to phagocyte chemiluminescence (CL). This paper describes the conditions for the measurement of CL, and reviews the activity of phagocytes from individuals undergoing stress or disease. The capability of phagocytes to emit photons reflects remarkably well the pathophysiological state of the host. In many cases even the magnitude of the stress, the presence of a pathogen in the body, or the activity of the disease can be estimated. Physiological changes, e.g. in the reproductive cycle, can also be predicted.     

海藻生物活性物质研究的回顾与展望

本文简要介绍了海藻来源的生物活性物质研究概况，并对生物技术在这一领域的应用前景做了初步的讨论与展望.作为海洋中有机物的原始生产者，海藻含有多种生物活性物质，包括抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗菌活性物质、抗氧化剂、免疫调节剂、酶抑制剂等.而人工栽培、组织培养、细胞工程、基因工程等生物技术在海藻生物活性物质研究领域的应用将有可能为海藻生物活性物质的研究与开发提供高效费比的药源解决方案。     

The identification of chemical intermediates in enzyme catalysis by the rapid quench-flow technique

Traditionally, enzyme transient kinetics have been studied by the stopped-flow and rapid quench-flow (QF) methods. Whereas stopped-flow is the more convenient, it suffers from two weaknesses: optically silent systems cannot be studied, and when there is a signal it cannot always be assigned to a particular step in the reaction pathway. QF is a chemical sampling method; reaction mixtures are aged for a few milliseconds or longer, ‘stopped’ by a quenching agent and the product or the intermediate is measured by a specific analytical method. Here we show that by exploiting the array of current analytical methods and different quenching agents, the QF method is a key technique for identifying, and for characterising kinetically, intermediates in enzyme reaction pathways and for determining the order by which bonds are formed or cleaved by enzymes acting on polymer substrates such as DNA. Received 24 May 2006; received after revision: 3 July 2006; accepted 19 July 2006     

Alloxan acts as a prooxidant only under reducing conditions: influence of melatonin

Depending on the availability of suitable reducing agents, alloxan can be either a prooxidant or an antioxidant. Alloxan and its reduced derivative, dialuric acid, act as a redox couple, driven by reduced glutathione (GSH) or L-cysteine, generating in vitro in the presence of oxygen, both superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. The production of superoxide radicals was shown by the appearance of lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL) as well as by the generation of formazan from nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). The lucigenin CL as well as the NBT reduction was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and partially by catalase. Melatonin inhibited alloxan-mediated CL. In contrast, in the absence of reducing agents, alloxan is a scavenger of superoxide radicals formed by other reactions. Because of the high content of reducing compounds in the cell (e.g. glutathione), it is suggested that alloxan acts in vivo mainly as a generator of reactive oxygen species. Received 9 November 1998; received after revision 15 January 1999; accepted 15 January 1999     

Zur Frage des Vorkommens von N-Nitroso-Verbindungen im Tabakrauch

Summary Important facts in connection with the occurrence of N-Nitroso compounds in tobacco smoke have been summarized. This paper reports on analytical methods for the identification of N-Nitroso compounds. The figures known about nitrate content and volatile bases of tobacco, as well as the nitrogen oxides and volatile bases of tobacco smoke as precursors of N-Nitroso compounds, are summarized. The third order reaction of secondary amines with an equimolar mixture of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide is a precondition for the formation of N-Nitroso compounds in tobacco smoke. While examining tobacco smoke for N-Nitroso compounds, temperature and time conditions have to be adapted to the natural smoking process. The use of solvent as well as cold traps has to be avoided to exclude the formation of artifacts. Analyses completed under these conditions furnished results of 0.004µg of a mixture consisting of N-Nitroso-dimethylamine and N-Nitroso-pyrrolidine, calculated as N-NO per cigarette. A number of animalexperimental preconditions are still lacking, to judge the biological effects of these extraordinarily small amounts of N-Nitroso compounds.     

A simplified method for isocratic HPLC analysis of polyamines

A simple technique is described for the separation and analysis of polyamines in tissues and body fluids, utilizing precolumn clean-up on disposable CM-cellulose columns, followed by an automatable HPLC procedure. Complete separation and analysis takes 12-15 min per sample with sensitivity in the pmole range.