文章标记对英语语篇信息理解与保持的影响

本研究采用2×3的实验设计,探讨了文章标记对英语语篇信息理解与保持的影响。结果表明,文章标记对英语语篇信息理解和保持主效应显著;文章标记与英语语篇难度之间存在显著的交互作用;当阅读材料较难时,全标记、无标记和半标记对信息理解与保持分别有不同的影响。     

钛合金电解加工点蚀机理研究进展

 电解加工是一种很好的加工钛合金的方式，不但加工效率高，还可用于加工薄壁和异型构件，优势十分显著。然而，在低电流的电解加工过程中，钝化膜的自钝化和形成的点蚀不但会影响工件表面的粗糙度，而且也会影响非加工部位，因此有必要研究清楚钛合金点蚀的成因、发展过程和控制方法。详细综述了外加电压条件下钛合金点蚀发展的过程、机理和抑制点蚀的方法，同时阐释了相关抑制点蚀方式的优劣，展望了未来电解加工中抑制钛合金点蚀方法的发展趋势和研究方向。     

口译中的理解与记忆之我见

口译的内在过程从源语信息的解码到译语语言的输出，是一个大脑高速运转处理和加工信息的复杂过程。其中对源语的理解和记忆显然是整个口译活动的基础，起着至关重要的作用。本文阐述了口译中理解和记忆的内在联系，以及两者各自的内在过程，揭示出必须打破源语语言结构，抓住逻辑和意义才能进行行之有效的理解和记忆，同时在此基础上对二者的训练策略进行了相应探讨。     

空间符号的保持与加工过程的关系

考察空间符号在工作记忆中的保持过程是否受同时进行的加工过程的影响。要求被试保持表征4架飞机航向与位置的空间符号,同时执行视觉、空间或联合特征3种加工任务,并系统操纵了加工任务的认知负荷。结果表明：联合特征加工条件下的空间符号保持效率最低,空间加工条件下的空间符号保持效率其次,视觉加工条件下的空间符号保持效率最高,而且联合特征加工的负荷对空间符号保持效率的影响显著大于空间加工负荷的影响。工作记忆中加工过程对空间符号的保持过程既有依赖材料性质的特异性影响,亦有独立于材料性质的一般性影响。     

词汇层面汉英翻译中文化语境因素的处理

汉英文化差异导致译文读者可能不理解源语作品中词语文化内涵，所以译者要根据最佳关联原则对涉及到的文化语境因素进行顺应处理，为译文读者提供最佳关联性的文化背景信息，将源语文本词语隐含的文化信息变成目标语读者易于理解和推断的明示信息，并引导读者正确推断出源语作者的交际意图，使译文读者付出最少的认知加工努力却能获得充分的语境效果。     

抑制机制对外语阅读的影响综述

结构建构理论是一种重要的语言理解模型，其核心是抑制机制，现已有实验证明抑制机制是影响阅读理解的一个重要因素。本论述对结构建构理论及其核心抑制机制进行了介绍，并就国内外有关抑制机制对外语阅读理解的研究进行了综述。     

提高图书馆信息资源利用的对策研究

在保持可持续发展战略的进程中，随着图书馆事业的发展、数字化建设的深入，在提高信息利用的研究中，我们发现信息意识缺乏才是影响图书馆信息资源利用的最根本的内在因素。     

RGB空间应用灰度无关图降噪的彩色图像阴影抑制

灰度无关图具有对光照不敏感的特性,因而,彩色图像中相应位置上的阴影将不会出现在灰度无关图中。在研究RGB颜色空间中阴影与灰度无关图逻辑关系的基础上,应用灰度无关图消除光照度与阴影引起的噪声,达到对彩色图像中存在的阴影区域进行抑制及降噪后重构的目的。基于标准测试图像的试验结果表明,重构图像可以有效且实时地抑制彩色图像中的阴影。     

浅谈中学英语阅读有效教学

阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的手段，阅读理解是中学英语教学的侧重点，是各单元教学的核心。长期以来由于受传统教学法的影响，在阅读教学中存在着一些问题，影响着阅读教学有效性的取得。下面我们共同探讨下，在英语教学中如何更好的实现阅读的有效性。     

基于分级规划的加工方法排序规则研究

结合工艺决策的分级规划策略，构造了一种新的实用化的加工方法排序规则，该排序规则将传统排序规则分解成两个相关的部分：工序排序规则与工步排序规则。工序排序规则代表了排序规则的普遍性，描述了一类零件的总体加工过程，只与加工方法有关，与组成零件的形状特征等其他因素无关；工步排序规则代表了排序规则的特殊性，描述了工序中各特征的加工顺序，与特征有关而与加工方法无关。     

Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory

The capacity of visual short-term memory is highly limited, maintaining only three to four objects simultaneously. This extreme limitation necessitates efficient mechanisms to select only the most relevant objects from the immediate environment to be represented in memory and to restrict irrelevant items from consuming capacity. Here we report a neurophysiological measure of this memory selection mechanism in humans that gauges an individual's efficiency at excluding irrelevant items from being stored in memory. By examining the moment-by-moment contents of visual memory, we observe that selection efficiency varies substantially across individuals and is strongly predicted by the particular memory capacity of each person. Specifically, high capacity individuals are much more efficient at representing only the relevant items than are low capacity individuals, who inefficiently encode and maintain information about the irrelevant items present in the display. These results provide evidence that under many circumstances low capacity individuals may actually store more information in memory than high capacity individuals. Indeed, this ancillary allocation of memory capacity to irrelevant objects may be a primary source of putative differences in overall storage capacity.     

消费者的内隐记忆及启动策略

消费者接触商品信息时往往都是不经意的，这种信息通常以内隐记忆的形式深藏于消费者心中而无法被主动提取。相对于外显记忆，内隐记忆表现出保持时间长、加工深、记忆负荷小、不易受干扰等优势，使其在营销领域更具研究价值。要使消费者的内隐记忆产生良好的营销效果关键在于启动，为此提出线索启动、环境启动、情绪启动等对策。     

有效实现内存管理的方法

分析开发过程中常遇的内存泄露和内存越界等问题,提出一种有效的内存管理方案。方案主要包括优化原有的内存管理函数和引入保存内存信息的信息链表两方面。文中还给出基于该方案的具体C语言实现和应用例程。     

简述战略信息系统

阐述了战略信息系统的战略意义,以及战略信息系统开发的特点战略阶段划分具有模糊性、战略的判定和实施具有整体性、战略的调整应坚持权变性。讨论了战略信息系统开发过程中的环境信息、供应商信息、顾客信息、竞争对手信息等信息分析。介绍了战略信息系统中战略的制订与实施。指出战略信息系统对提高企业决策者决策的科学性、把握和预测未来政策、把握新的市场机会、实现知己知彼、使企业真正保持战略优势等具有非常重要的意义。     

Development of an underactuated prosthetic hand with the step motor

0IntroductionThe design condition of electromyography(EMG)prosthetic handis different fromthe industrial robot handmainlyinits decorative nature,weightlimit andfunction.Generally commercial prosthetic hands are basically sim-ple grippers having one or two DOF(degree of freedom),which cannot meet the needs of the users[1].In thisstudy,we developed a multi-fingered anthropomorphicrobot handfor the EMGprosthetic handto realize activityof dailyliving[2].Based on underactuated mechanism[3],andt…     

应用奇象记忆法记忆英语单词的实验研究

大多数英语学习者都感到识记过的英语单词很容易遗忘且不易回忆。针对这种情况 ,本实验研究在深入了解有关英语单词记忆法的基础上 ,利用奇象记忆法原理作指导进行了一项英语单词记忆实验研究。实验结果表明 :利用奇象记忆法记忆英语单词保持率高于其它记忆方法     

Context generalization in Drosophila visual learning requires the mushroom bodies.

The world is permanently changing. Laboratory experiments on learning and memory normally minimize this feature of reality, keeping all conditions except the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli as constant as possible. In the real world, however, animals need to extract from the universe of sensory signals the actual predictors of salient events by separating them from non-predictive stimuli (context). In principle, this can be achieved if only those sensory inputs that resemble the reinforcer in their temporal structure are taken as predictors. Here we study visual learning in the fly Drosophila melanogaster, using a flight simulator, and show that memory retrieval is, indeed, partially context-independent. Moreover, we show that the mushroom bodies, which are required for olfactory but not visual or tactile learning, effectively support context generalization. In visual learning in Drosophila, it appears that a facilitating effect of context cues for memory retrieval is the default state, whereas making recall context-independent requires additional processing.     

浅谈太原地区石质荒山造林绿化的要点

通过对太原地区石质荒山立地条件的分析，提出了适宜石质荒山造林的5项技术措施。即适树省水、整地蓄水、保根带水、选天时抓水、栽植保水。     

动目标图像实时输入与处理微机视觉系统

本文介绍了一种基于微机的动目标图像实时输入与处理视觉系统。采用局部总线设计技术,集输入与处理为一体,使设计达到了单板化,将其直接插入IBM-PC及其兼容机槽内即可构成系统。并采用流水线、并行作业和时间重叠等方法,可将动目标实时从复杂背景中分割出来。通过场控制器,本系统可一边输入,一边运算,进行实时图像加减、特征提取、边缘检测和二值化运算等;多种运算方式使本系统在尽可能大的空间范围内跟踪动目标。本文提出了“扩展虚存”思想;设计了高速DMA控制器;应用了硬件开窗技术。系统经过运行实验,可满足一般性动目标的分割与跟踪。     

Entrained rhythmic activities of neuronal ensembles as perceptual memory of time interval

The ability to process temporal information is fundamental to sensory perception, cognitive processing and motor behaviour of all living organisms, from amoebae to humans. Neural circuit mechanisms based on neuronal and synaptic properties have been shown to process temporal information over the range of tens of microseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. How neural circuits process temporal information in the range of seconds to minutes is much less understood. Studies of working memory in monkeys and rats have shown that neurons in the prefrontal cortex, the parietal cortex and the thalamus exhibit ramping activities that linearly correlate with the lapse of time until the end of a specific time interval of several seconds that the animal is trained to memorize. Many organisms can also memorize the time interval of rhythmic sensory stimuli in the timescale of seconds and can coordinate motor behaviour accordingly, for example, by keeping the rhythm after exposure to the beat of music. Here we report a form of rhythmic activity among specific neuronal ensembles in the zebrafish optic tectum, which retains the memory of the time interval (in the order of seconds) of repetitive sensory stimuli for a duration of up to approximately 20 s. After repetitive visual conditioning stimulation (CS) of zebrafish larvae, we observed rhythmic post-CS activities among specific tectal neuronal ensembles, with a regular interval that closely matched the CS. Visuomotor behaviour of the zebrafish larvae also showed regular post-CS repetitions at the entrained time interval that correlated with rhythmic neuronal ensemble activities in the tectum. Thus, rhythmic activities among specific neuronal ensembles may act as an adjustable 'metronome' for time intervals in the order of seconds, and serve as a mechanism for the short-term perceptual memory of rhythmic sensory experience.