具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

优化本科体育教育专业课程设置的研究

通过对内地、香港6所大学体育教育专业的课程设置、专业基础课和选修课的比例、经济发展与人才需求和课程设置的关系进行比较研究,在对课程设置 、专家意见和在读学生调查分析的基础上,结合国内外体育教育专业的课程设置的发展趋势 ,对专 业课程的设置进行了分析和评价,提出了整体优化设置的意见,并据此设计了体育教育专业课程设置的框图,为优化课程设置,科学地从事教学管理提供了依据.     

高校体育类专业课程设置浅探

高校体育类专业的课程设置关系到高校培养的体育人才的质量好坏,高校应该加大体育类专业课程设置的改革力度,完善体育类专业的课程设置,使其适应时代发展对体育人才的需要,培养造就出更多的适应社会需要的体育人才。     

镍对奥贝球铁中上贝氏体第一阶段转变动力学的影响

本文定量地讨论了镍含量与奥贝球铁中上贝氏体第一阶段转变时间的关系，研究了镍对上贝体转变孕育期、奥氏体化开始温度和残余奥氏体中含碳量的影响；揭示了镍及其偏析在上贝氏体第一阶段转变中的作用。结果表明：随着镍含量的增加，上贝氏体第一阶段转变速度、奥氏体化开始温度和残余奥氏体中的含碳量降低。当镍含量超过２％时，第一阶段转变速度显著减慢。镍的偏析使得奥贝球铁基体中上贝氏体转变速度不一致，造成组织不均匀；镍…     

高斯涡旋光束的动量及轨道角动量与拓扑电荷数的关系及其在自由空间中的传输

将近轴光束理论应用于光束的动量及轨道角动量研究,推导了涡旋光束动量以及轨道角动量的解析表达式,在此基础上,对高斯涡旋光束的动量及轨道角动量的分布及其在自由空间中的传输进行了研究.理论分析及数值计算表明,动量的径向分量和角向分量在数值上比较接近,远小于动量的纵向分量,随着传输距离的增大,动量的三个分量在观测平面上的分布会逐渐沿径向拓展,其在观测平面上的极大值位置各不相同,都与源平面上光束的拓扑电荷数和束腰半径有关,观测平面上的整体积分表明,动量的三个分量在传输中都保持守恒;另外,观测平面上高斯涡旋光束轨道角动量的分布在传输中也会沿径向拓展,其在观测平面上的极大值位置与动量的纵向分量相同.观测平面上的整体积分证实了高斯涡旋光束在传输中轨道角动量保持守恒.     

含施工裂缝隧道穿越段堤防渗流和稳定分析

某长江隧道穿越江北大堤,堤身出现施工贯穿式裂缝,且累计沉降较大。考虑长江大堤堤身不同深度施工裂缝对堤身渗透稳定及堤坡抗滑稳定的影响,建立隧道穿越段大堤渗流有限元模型和边坡稳定分析模型,采用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元法和瑞典圆弧法,计算分析历史最高水位条件下不同深度裂缝堤防的渗流性态和堤坡稳定性。计算结果表明:深层搅拌桩对堤防渗流和稳定均有利;贯穿式裂缝对裂缝周围地层的渗流场影响较大,但当裂缝深度小于8.5 m时,堤身与堤基的最大渗透坡降分别为0.206和0.181,均小于相应材料的允许渗透坡降值,堤防渗透稳定能满足要求;贯穿式裂缝位置和深度对堤坡稳定影响显著,当裂缝深度为8.5 m时,两个不同裂缝位置的堤防抗滑稳定安全系数分别为2.419和1.844,当裂缝深度小于8.5 m时,经过深层搅拌桩加固处理后,堤坡稳定能满足要求。     

磁性药物微球的药物释放规律及磁定向规律研究

磁性药物微球的组成直接影响其药物释放速度。当微球中固化白蛋白含量近接时，药物含量越高，微球的能性越好；药物含量相同时，固化白蛋白含量越高，药物的通透性越差。磁性药物微球的水悬浮液通过外磁场时的定位量随着介质流速的减小，外磁场的增强和微球中Ｆｅ３Ｏ４含量的产加而增加。增加分散质度时，球的定位量减小。     

华南五针松种皮发育研究

运用石蜡切片法,在透射电子显微镜和光学显微镜下观察华南五针松(Pinus kwangtungensis)种皮的形态结构和发育,用PAS反应显示细胞内淀粉粒分布,研究细胞内淀粉粒的含量.结果表明,华南五针松的种皮的发育开始在大孢子母细胞发育的时期,开始时在雌配子体的周围形成比较薄而且致密,颜色较深的几层;随着种子的不断发育,从种子的横切面可见,种皮可以明显分为外种皮,中种皮和内种皮三部分.这三部分种皮的形态结构各有不同:外种皮是几层扁平状硬化薄壁细胞;中种皮细胞较多,细胞层较厚,细胞较大,形状不规则,壁厚;内种皮细胞受到发育的胚的挤压,比较扁小,排列紧密.另外,PAS反应显示出,中种皮与内种皮所含的淀粉粒比较丰富,特别是在种子发育的初期,形成了一层富含淀粉粒的细胞层,这层细胞所含的淀粉粒随着种子的发育越来越少,这与种子发育过程需要分解淀粉粒为细胞分裂提供能量有关.     

考夫曼法采观今论

围绕审知法采的连系性,考夫曼将演绎、归纳、骈推与比类连成体系。其中,演绎为仆,比类是首脑,归纳辅佐,骈推守护清白。演绎在审判训疏与说服总系统中是协和元。考夫曼归纳观的归宿是对旧的律意说服的重新组织。其创新点是说服的三阶式。他的贡献是以逻辑组织连系骈推与演绎。考夫曼认为,法采进程的本质不是逻辑推合,而是比较。律令的颁布与司法中逻辑组织的相似性在于其比类基础。考察了考夫曼比较点的选择后显示,不可抹煞两领域之间的红线。认为考夫曼的重大贡献是将比类引入审判陈说的总组织,它是原省、衡议后的第三元。在论述的基础上,为比类设定了两则对行的准法。     

幅度-脉宽调制式功率变换电路及其显示系统

本文提出了幅度-脉宽调制原理的功率变换电路.锯齿波信号u_s加到比较器的反相输入端;与被测负载电流瞬时值成比例的信号u_i加到比较器的同相输入端.两信号在运放内进行调制,使其输出脉冲的吝个间隔分别决定于被测电流各瞬时值的大小.此输出脉冲加到积分-断流单元晶体开关管的基极.晶体开关管的集电极与发射极间的电压取决于电网电压.这样,积分-断流单元输出直流信号的平均值就与被测电路的功率成正比.文中对此种功率变换电路的误差进行了理论分析和数学推导. 文章还扼要介绍了双积分型A/D转换器及LED显示系统.     

蔚县煤田单侯井田煤变质及其影响因素

本文从蔚县煤田煤的自身特性即显微煤岩组分的不同,各种组分的百分含量不同,导致挥发产生率(V_r)的不同入手,以此探索了该煤田出现的“反希尔特定律”的现象.同时指出显微煤岩组分是煤变质因素之一.