pH对H_2O_2降解壳聚糖产物性能的影响

采用H2O2法降解壳聚糖,在醋酸溶液中和一定温度条件下制备得到具有不同晶态结构的低分子壳聚糖。通过红外光谱、XRD、TGA表征,研究了壳低聚糖的化学物理结构,结果表明:在pH值约为12条件下制备得到的壳低聚糖较pH值约为7所得降解产物具有更为规整的晶态结构,更高的热稳定性。     

树状分子接枝壳聚糖的合成与热致液晶性

甲壳素/壳聚糖是拥有多个反应性官能团的天然多糖,而树状分子则是一类可以在分子水平上控制和设计大小、形状、结构和功能基团的化合物,将其作为侧链通过接枝反应引入到壳聚糖主链上有望获得新型的天然高分子液晶材料.我们利用经典的收敛法合成了DOBOB酸(3,4,5-三[对-(十二烷氧基)苄氧基]苯甲酸)树枝状分子,并且以对甲苯磺酰氯为催化剂,在吡啶/无水氯化锂的溶剂体系中将其接枝到壳聚糖分子链上,产物的化学结构经红外1、H-NMR1、3C-NMR以及元素分析表征验证.通过DSC和热台偏光显微镜研究表明,这种树枝状分子接枝壳聚糖化合物同时具有热致和溶致液晶性,是一种全新的壳聚糖衍生物液晶.     

壳聚糖与端羧基PLGA接枝共聚物的制备与表征

壳聚糖与聚乳酸是具有良好生物相容性的高分子材料,已被广泛应用于生物材料,特别是作为组织工程支架.采用三甲基硅烷基(vMs)改性壳聚糖,4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化,制备壳聚糖与端羧基PLGA的接枝共聚物.傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱证实了共聚物的形成.热分析测试表明,共聚物具有不同于聚乳酸的热特性.接触角测试表明共聚物具有较好的亲水性.壳聚糖与端羧基PLGA的接枝共聚物具有较壳聚糖及聚乳酸更为优良的性能,可作为组织工程支架材料.     

纳米二氧化钛／壳聚糖改性柞蚕丝的结构和热性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米二氧化钛/壳聚糖处理液,用激光粒度法表征了纳米粒子的粒径分布,发现所制备的纳米二氧化钛/壳聚糖分散液中粒子的平均粒径为56.7 nm;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热分析方法对处理前后的柞蚕丝进行了表征.结果表明:处理后柞蚕丝纤维表面变得粗糙,并出现明显的纵向条纹;柞蚕丝与壳聚糖、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸发生了交联反应,结构呈现β化趋势,热稳定性增强.     

壳聚糖包覆磁性介孔SiO2纳米粒子的制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法以正硅酸乙酯为硅源、以Fe_3O_4纳米粒子为核的磁响应性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MMSNs),通过修饰羧基、利用羧基和壳聚糖的作用,制备壳聚糖(CS)包覆的磁性介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MMSNs/CS).通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)表征微球的结构和性质.结果显示壳聚糖包覆在了磁性介孔二氧化硅的表面,介孔二氧化硅的厚度为30nm,壳聚糖的厚度为10nm,且得到的产物具有良好的磁响应性.     

硅藻土/壳聚糖复合物对化工厂废水的净化性能研究

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对硅藻土进行修饰,通过硅烷偶联剂改善硅藻土的片层结构,利用溶液插层法将硅藻土负载于壳聚糖上,制备出硅藻土/壳聚糖复合物.采用热重分析、红外光谱、X-射线衍射和透射电镜对硅藻土/壳聚糖复合物的热性能、形貌、结构进行表征.结果表明,壳聚糖与硅藻土形成了稳定的结构,增加了硅藻土的片层结构,有利于提高复合吸附剂的吸附性能.然后以制备的复合物为吸附剂,研究了温度、时间和用量对亚甲基蓝、大豆油、苯乙酮以及Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附影响.另外,对比了壳聚糖、硅藻土和复合吸附剂对化工厂废液的处理能力.结果显示,复合吸附剂的吸附性能优于单一组分的吸附剂,且复合吸附剂对上述化工厂多组分污染物的最大吸附率分别为90.6%、83.2%、73.1%和86.7%.     

水合肼修饰壳聚糖在卷烟烟气吸附的应用

以壳聚糖(CS)、水合肼等为原料,制备氨基化壳聚糖(AHCS).采用傅里叶红外光谱、X-射线衍射及热重分别对产物的化学结构、结晶性和热稳定性进行表征.将CS和AHCS作为添加剂分别添加到卷烟滤嘴中,研究其对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附作用.对卷烟烟气中有害成分及气粒相物进行测定,结果表明:含CS和AHCS的卷烟滤嘴的危害指数分别为7.41和7.11,与常规滤嘴相比分别下降7.84%和11.57%;添加AHCS滤嘴的苯酚释放量为6.92 μg·支^-1,下降30.52%,其对苯酚具有选择性吸附.     

壳聚糖/纳米SiOx复合膜的制备及机械性能

采用二次回归旋转正交试验方法,探讨了制备壳聚糖/纳米SiOx复合膜的优化工艺条件,用流延法制得分散比较均匀的纳米复合膜,并对涂膜结构进行红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)表征.结果表明:复合膜(CTS-SiOx)中壳聚糖与SiOx粒子表面的大量羟基存在强烈的氢键作用;当配料为壳聚糖1.98 g、SiOx 0.017 g、单甘酯0.04 g时,壳聚糖复合涂膜拉伸强度达到最优值、与纯壳聚糖单膜相比,复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和直角撕裂强度分别提高了63.3%,45.4%和11.6%,透水率降低了73.1%.可见复合膜的性能优于单膜.     

壳聚糖基蛋白质分子印迹聚合物的制备及识别性能研究

通过对壳聚糖化学改性,引入羧甲基和丙烯酸酯功能基,合成水溶性、可聚合和可交联的壳聚糖衍生物.FTIR分析结果表明,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)通过环氧基团开环反应与羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-CS)的羟基形成醚键键联,生成的壳聚糖衍生物(CMCS-GMA)可在过硫酸铵作用下发生聚合反应.采用表面接枝的方法在聚苯乙烯微孔板上形成CMCS-GMA的聚合物薄层,并用于在水相中印迹血红蛋白分子.蛋白质实验的结果表明,印迹聚合物结合血红蛋白的能力明显高于非印迹聚合物.进一步考察该印迹聚合物对血红蛋白的结构相似物(溶菌酶)的结合特性,显示了较高的识别选择性.     

TDPA双酮酐型聚酰亚胺合成及性能

以4,4'-对苯二甲酰二邻苯二甲酸酐(TDPA)和间苯二胺(MPD)为单体,以邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)为封端剂,采用2步法经低温溶液缩聚合成了系列结构新颖的双酮酐型聚酰亚胺(TDPA-PI).采用FT-IR、WAXD、DSC和TGA测试对聚合物的结构与性能进行了表征.考查了封端剂用量及亚胺化方法对酮酐型聚酰亚胺性能的影响.FT-IR表明,2种方法均能使TDPA-PAA亚胺化.DSC和TGA分析表明封端剂可在一定程度上提高PI的热性能,化学亚胺化得到的树脂热性能优于热亚胺化.TDPA-PI属热塑性聚合物,T_g为280.6 ℃(高于Larc-I-TPI的259 ℃),具有较好的耐热性和耐溶剂性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.