基于GRU改进RNN神经网络的飞机燃油流量预测

利用从飞机快速存储记录器(quick access recorder, QAR)中获取的大量数据设计研究了一种利用循环神经网络(recurrent neural network, RNN)及其改进网络门控循环单元(gate recurrent unit, GRU)进行飞机燃油流量预测的模型。首先使用基于时间的反向传播算法(back propagation trough time, BPTT)训练网络,Adam优化算法加速迭代更新神经网络权重。在参数调整实验中发现循环神经网络对历史信息利用能力不足,极易发生梯度消失与梯度爆炸,遂提出改进网络结构,引入GRU重构燃油流量预测模型。在最优的超参数条件下,重构模型在训练集和测试集上的损失函数均方误差(mean squared error, MSE)值分别为0.001 08、0.000 97。通过与朴素RNN的预测曲线和MSE对比可以发现,改进后的GRU网络能够"记忆"更多历史信息而不易出现梯度消失或梯度爆炸的问题,预测精度与曲线拟合能力显著提高。因此,GRU重构模型显著改善了预测能力,并通过实际案例验证该预测模型在故障诊断等领域的应用。     

基于门控循环单元神经网络的金融时间序列预测

针对循环神经网络(recurrent neural networks,RNN)网络结构存在的长期依赖问题,门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)神经网络作为RNN的一种变体被提出。在继承RNN对时间序列优秀记忆能力的前提下,GRU克服了时间序列的长期依赖问题。本文针对金融时间序列数据存在的依赖问题,将GRU扩展应用到金融时间序列预测,提出了基于差分运算与GRU神经网络相结合的金融时间序列预测模型。该模型能够处理金融时间序列数据的复杂特征,如非线性、非平稳性和序列相关性。通过对标准普尔(SP)500股票指数的调整后收盘价进行预测,实验结果表明,所提出的方案能够提高GRU神经网络的泛化能力和预测精度,并且与传统预测模型相比该模型对金融时间序列的预测拥有更好的预测效果和相对较低的计算开销。     

采用DTV同步信号的定位技术

通过描述定位系统和校准系统来分析数字电视（DTV）同步信号定位技术的特点，与GPS、A-CPS定位系统比较，该定位技术适于在所有那些GPS趋于失败的城市环境及室内定位，可以提高定位精度和获得可靠的位置信息。     

基于门控循环单元网络的低阻油层测井流体识别方法

研究区块低阻油层发育广泛,油层和水层的电阻率相差不大,导致测井流体识别较为困难。为了有效识别低阻油层,采用少数类过采样技术(synthetic minority oversampling technique, Smote)对油水同层,油层等少数类样本进行过采样使数据集均衡;并利用门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit, GRU)网络模型进行低阻油层的流体识别。通过相关性分析确定自然伽马(GR)、深侧向电阻率(RD)、密度(DEN)等8条测井曲线数据作为输入训练模型,应用于中实际资料中,并将GRU与传统RNN和其他3种机器学习算法对比。结果表明：序列数据模型的流体识别效果比传统机器学习模型好,且基于Smote-GRU的流体识别模型的符合率达到89.5%,相对传统循环神经网络(recurrent neural network, RNN)的81.1%,取得了较好的应用效果。通过对照试验还证实了Smote算法提高了分类器对少数类样本的识别率。所提出的方法可为样本不均衡的低阻油层的流体识别提供参考。     

基于门控循环单元神经网络的浆液pH的预测建模

吸收塔内浆液的PH值是影响燃煤电厂湿法脱硫系统效率的重要参数。燃煤电厂的湿法脱硫系统具有大滞后、非线性、强耦合等特征,因而其吸收塔浆液的PH值很难实现精准控制。本文利用门控循环单元（gated recurrent unit, GRU）神经网络在处理时间序列数据的优越性,对吸收塔内的浆液PH值进行预测建模,通过将燃煤电厂采集的影响浆液PH值的变量数据作为模型的输入,对模型进行训练处理,获得吸收塔内浆液PH值的预测模型。将预测模型应用于辽宁省华能营口电厂600MW机组湿法脱硫智能控制系统中吸收塔内浆液PH值的预测。结果表明相比于反向传播（back propagation, BP）神经网络模型、径向基函数（radial basis function, RBF）神经网络、循环神经网络（recurrent neural network, RNN）和长短期记忆（long and short term memory, LSTM）神经网络,该模型精确度更高,实用性更强。     

基于CEEMDAN-GRU的主泵电机绕组温度预测

针对核电站主泵电机绕组温度的预测问题，提出了基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)和门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)的预测模型。首先使用CEEMDAN对采集到的绕组温度序列进行分解，经过分量重构得到其高、低频分量和趋势项，在此基础上分别构建各分量的GRU预测模型，将各分量的预测结果叠加集成得到绕组温度的整体预测值。仿真结果表明，与传统的循环神经网络(recurrent neural network,RNN)、长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)模型和GRU模型相比，本文提出的预测模型在多元评价指标方面均优于其他模型，具有更高的预测精度，验证了该模型的可行性。     

浅谈UWB定位技术

长期以来,卫星定位系统在定位领域应用最为广泛,比如说GPS定位系统,主要是为船舶,汽车,飞机等运动物体进行定位导航。但卫星定位系统也有不足。卫星定位系统不足之处在于定位信号到达地面较弱,不能穿透建筑物,定位精度不足,终端设备成本较高等。因此不适合室内定位。一直以来,对于室内定位人们都在寻找一种合适的技术,而随着UWB技术的出现与发展,让人们看到了希望。此篇文章着重介绍了UWB定位的原理,分析了UWB技术应用于室内精确定位的优势,并分析了UWB技术广泛应用还存在哪些障碍。     

基于ZigBee网络的室内定位系统的设计与实现

针对当前室内定位系统成本高、精度低、可靠性差的缺点,设计出了一种基于ZigBee无线传感网络的无线室内定位系统.系统硬件以德州仪器公司CC2530片上系统为核心,软件基于德州仪器公司Z-Stack协议栈将测距标定与完整定位流程结合起来,通过测量接收信号强度计算待定位节点到参考节点的距离,然后利用三角形质心算法进行定位,确定待定位节点坐标.实际测试表明:该室内定位系统操作简单,可靠性高,定位精度达到95 cm以内,定位误差期望为9.76 cm.     

基于并行双向门控循环单元与自注意力机制的中文文本情感分类

在基于深度学习的文本情感分类研究领域中,目前传统的模型主要是序列结构,即采用单一的预训练词向量来表示文本从而作为神经网络的输入,然而使用某一种预训练的词向量会存在未登录词和词语语义学习不充分的问题。针对此问题,提出基于并行双向门控循环单元（gated recurrent unit,GRU）网络与自注意力机制的文本情感分类模型,利用两种词向量对文本进行表示并作为并行双向GRU网络的输入,通过上下两个通道分别对文本进行上下文信息的捕捉,得到表征向量,再依靠自注意力机制学习词语权重并加权,最后对两个通道的输出向量进行向量融合,作为输入进入全连接层判别情感倾向。将本文模型与多个传统模型在两个公共数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明本文模型在查准率、查全率、F₁值和准确率等性能指标上相比于双向门控循环单元网络模型、双向长短时记忆网络模型和双向门控循环单元网络与自注意力机制的单通道网络模型均有所提升。     

矿井非视距环境下UWB人员定位算法

为建立实时、高精度定位系统,减少弯曲巷道对矿井人员定位产生的NLOS误差,基于超宽带UWB技术和井下复合衰落信道模型,提出一种矿井NLOS环境下的改进算法。利用面积形心算法,将未知节点的空间位置约束在一个较小的区域内,然后利用Taylor和Chan氏算法进行定位,从而提高UWB井下人员定位系统的精度。仿真结果表明：该算法在井下NLOS环境下具有较高的定位精度,综合性能优于Chan氏算法和Taylor算法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~