Fe-Al金属间化合物基叠层复合材料的界面表征及生长动力学研究

将SUS441不锈钢薄板和1060纯铝薄板交替叠放后,经“轧制复合—合金化退火”工艺制得 Fe-Al金属间化合物基叠层（Fe-Al metal-intermetallic-laminate,Fe-Al MIL）复合材料。采用光学显微镜（optical microscope, OM）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）、X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer, XRD）等设备测试了不同热处理制度下Fe-Al MIL复合材料的界面微观组织形貌、物相组成及化合物生长行为。结果表明：在640 ℃退火时,均匀层的主要物相为Fe₂Al₅,且有原子分数为5%～6%的Cr固溶于该均匀层;在高于640 ℃退火时,除由Fe₂Al₅相组成的均匀层之外,化合物层还出现了明显的由Fe₄Al₁₃相和Cr₂Al₁₃相组成的两相层,且两相层交界处有Al_5.50Cr_1.95Fe_2.55相析出;金属间化合物的厚度随退火温度的升高及时间的延长而增加,Fe₂Al₅相的生长规律满足抛物线法则,其生长激活能为192.28 kJ/mol。     

Al涂层/AZ91镁合金复合铸造界面的研究

对型芯预喷涂一层Al涂层,将AZ91镁合金液浇注到铸型中实现基体和涂层的结合,对凝固后的结合界面组织和相组成进行分析。结果表明,AZ91镁合金液和Al涂层表面的氧化物发生反应,实现了界面间的润湿,形成冶金结合界面。该界面包含3个扩散层:镁合金基体一侧为(Al₁₂Mg₁₇+δ_Mg)共晶组织;中间层为Al₁₂Mg₁₇金属间化合物;Al涂层一侧为Al₃Mg₂金属间化合物,并弥散分布着一些氧化物。试验结果证明,通过复合铸造的方法可以实现Al涂层和镁合金基体的冶金结合。     

快速凝固Al-Fe-Ce合金的相变与性能研究

采用相成分分析(X射线衍射)、组织观察(透射电子显微镜)和力学性能检测(显微硬度)等结合的方法,对单辊旋铸法制备的快速凝固Al-6.87Fe-3.95Ce合金薄带的急冷态和退火态进行相变与热稳定性能的分析.亚稳相Al₁₀Fe₂Ce和平衡相Al₁₃Fe₃Ce的晶格参数以及晶格结构已被确定.棒状的亚稳相Al₂₀Fe₅Ce也在TEM中被观察到.稳定相Al₁₃Fe₃Ce是亚稳相Al₁₀Fe₂Ce和Al₂₀Fe₅Ce经过热处理后不完全转变而形成.结果表明:在退火处理过程中,随着温度的升高,有明显的析出相出现,并且出现了长大趋势;显微硬度也随退火温度变化而变化,在340℃出现最高峰值,说明该合金在340℃能保持较好的热稳定性.     

Cu-Al异种材料的感应加热焊接及其工艺研究

利用感应加热原理,使用功率为0~60 kW且连续可调的高频感应加热设备,完成Cu-Al合金板材的焊接,研究焊接件的界面形貌、元素分布及界面物相分析.分析加热电流和加热时间对界面形貌和结合强度的影响.采用ZWICK-Z050电子万能材料试验机测试界面结合强度,采用扫描电子显微镜和偏光显微镜观察界面形貌,用X射线衍射仪进行物相分析.结果表明：界面中间化合物主要为Al₂Cu,Cu₉Al₄和CuAl相,其中Cu侧主要是Cu₉Al₄和CuAl相,Al侧主要是Al₂Cu相;随着加热电流的增大或加热时间的延长,Cu-Al界面结合层由不平整变为平整,且宽度逐渐增大,同时Cu-Al界面结合强度先增大后减小.感应加热焊接试样界面结合强度可达53 MPa,结合良好.     

N和Fe3+共掺杂TiO2薄膜的制备及亲水性能研究

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N和Fe³⁺共掺杂的TiO₂薄膜,研究了N,Fe³⁺不同掺杂比例、镀膜层数、热处理温度和光照时间等对TiO₂薄膜亲水性能的影响.结果表明当掺杂物N和Fe³⁺的摩尔比为5.9:1、镀膜层数为3层、热处理温度为550℃时,所制备的薄膜亲水性能最佳(接触角为2°).     

Fe-Al微叠层复合材料的制备及界面表征

将多层纯铁和纯铝薄板交替叠放,采用“热轧复合—冷轧减薄—合金化热处理”工艺流程制备了Fe-Al金属/金属间化合物微叠层复合材料(Fe-Al MIL),研究了合金化温度对该复合材料微观组织、相组成、相变及力学性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的Fe-Al微叠复合材料Fe/Al界面结合状态良好;随合金化温度的升高,化合物层厚度随之增加,当温度低于Fe-Al固-半固态反应温度655℃时,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl是化合物层的主要物相,而高于655℃时,则会在化合物层和Fe金属界面处出现少量交替分布的FeAl₃和Fe₃Al;DSC曲线上呈现出~559,~571和~667℃三个放热峰,分别代表FeAl₃,Fe₂Al₅和FeAl的相转变;固-固和固-液合金化后得到的Fe-Al MIL力学性能较差,均易发生分层断裂现象,而固-半固态合金化热处理后其力学性能最佳.     

Al-Cu-Mn合金铸锭均匀化工艺及组织性能分析

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、电导率等检测手段,对铸态和均匀化态的2219合金微观组织、第二相分布及电导率进行研究分析。结果表明,2219合金铸态组织存在着枝晶偏析,在晶界上聚集大量的Al₂Cu相,并有长条状的脆性相Al₇Cu₂（Fe、Mn）穿插在晶界上。经525 ℃均匀化处理22 h后,晶界上Al₂Cu相回溶到基体中,枝晶网络被破坏,枝晶偏析消除,Cu元素从晶界到晶内的分布趋于平稳;处于亚稳态的溶质原子从过饱和固溶体中析出,在晶内呈细小、弥散地分布,基体溶质原子固溶度降低,电子散射作用减弱,电导率提高10 %IACS。     

液相催化氧化净化烟气中SO2和NOx的实验研究

 采用Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Zn²⁺,Al³⁺4种金属离子进行了催化氧化SO₂和NO废气的实验.对循环吸收液的酸度、催化剂浓度最佳配比及操作条件的改变等对SO₂和NO催化氧化效率的影响及其变化规律进行了研究.结果表明,当Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Zn²⁺,Al³⁺质量分数分别为0.5%,0.2%,0.5%,1.0%,气体流量为0.1 m³/h;循环液流量为6~8 L/h时,SO₂和NO催化氧化效率分别为95%和50%以上.     

基于4,4′-(2,5-二(甲硫基)-1,4-亚苯基)二吡啶的锌配合物:合成、晶体结构及荧光传感性能

采用水热法,用4,4′-(2,5-二(甲硫基)-1,4-亚苯基)二吡啶(L)和4,4′-二苯醚二甲酸(H₂OBA)与Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O,生成了一个三维配合物{}n(1)。X-单晶射线分析表明,配合物是为单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,分子量M_r=650.09,a=2.526 5(2) nm,b=1.462 3 (1) nm,c=1.715 9(1) nm,β=97.37(2)°,V=6.286 9(3) nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.458 g/cm³,F(000)=2 832,S=1.157,R₁=0.078 5,wR₂=0.194 6 (I>2σ(I))。配合物1中,Zn与配体L和质子化的4,4′-二苯醚二甲酸分别形成了一维链,而两条一维链相互来链接形成三维结构。另外对配合物热稳定性和荧光进行了测试。有趣的是,水中少量的Fe³⁺可以猝灭配合物1的荧光,证明配合物1对检测废水中的Fe³⁺具有潜在的应用价值。     

ZrAl4 C4、Zr2 Al4 C5和Zr3 Al4 C6结构、弹性和电子性质对比

采用第一性原理方法,对比研究了Zr-Al-C体系纳米层状化合物ZrAl₄C₄、Zr₂Al₄C₅和Zr₃Al₄C₆的结构、弹性和电子性质,并探寻其规律性。结果表明：从晶体结构角度分析,三种材料均可看作由(ZrC)和(Al₄C₃)两个独立单元以不同比例组合而成,可统一表示为(ZrC)_nAl₄C₃(n=1,2,3),且三者的晶格常数a值近似相等,晶格常数c随着ZrC含量的增大而变大。三种化合物弹性性质中,体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量的大小关系满足：ZrAl₄C₄< Zr₂Al₄C₅< Zr₃Al₄C₆。通过对三者电子态密度和Mulliken布局分析得到,ZrAl₄C₄、Zr₂Al₄C₅和Zr₃Al₄C₆均具有金属键、离子键和共价键的特征,且Zr-C键强于Al-C键,从微观电子角度解释了在(ZrC)_nAl₄C₃(n=1,2,3)体系中Zr-C键含量越高则对应材料的体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量等弹性性质越大。本文计算结果与已有实验值和理论值吻合较好。     

高性能铜铝复合排的制备及界面研究

采用固-液法浇注和铸轧工艺制备铝/铜复合材料.研究不同工艺对铜/铝复合排界面结合强度的影响,并对铜/铝复合排界面结构和复合机理进行分析.结果表明:当进行300°C×1h热处理时,所得复合排的结合强度最高,多次热循环后复合排界面结合强度有所增加.电子探针能谱扫描分析(EDS)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明铜/铝复合界面上生成金属间化合物Al2Cu,Al4Cu9和AlCu相,从而使得界面层硬度增大.采用该方法制备的铜/铝复合排,整体拉伸强度达98MPa,电阻率为0.021 6×10-6Ω.m.     

Structure and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Fe alloys

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Al–Cu–Fe alloys with the atomic compositions of Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15),Al_(78)Cu_7Fe_(15)and Al_(80)Cu_5Fe_(14)Si_1have been studied.The alloys were produced by induction melting of pure elements with copper mold casting.The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The formation of quasicrystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe alloys was confirmed.The presence of intermetallic phases was observed in the alloys after crystallization in a form of ingots and plates.The electrochemical measurements were conducted in 3.5%NaCl solution.The electronic structure of the alloys was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The post corrosion surface of the samples was checked using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energydispersive X-ray detector.It was observed that the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy had the highest corrosion resistance.The improved corrosion resistance parameters were noted for the plate samples rather than those in the as-cast state.And the hardness of the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy was significantly higher than the other alloy samples.     

Effect of the microstructure of Al 7050-T7451 on anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid

The effect of the microstructure of an Al 7050-T7451 substrate on the anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid was studied in this article. The microstructure of the substrate was assessed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface and cross-section morphologies of the oxide films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of intermetallic particles in the alloys and films was investigated using energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The roles of intermetallic phases and grain or subgrain boundaries on the oxide film formation were researched using the potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization technique in sulfuric acid solution. The results show that the transition of coarse intermetallic particles or grain (subgrain) boundaries at the surface of Al alloys can be characterized by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The surface and cross-section micrographs of the anodic layer seem to preserve the microstructure of the substrate. Large cavities in the anodic films are caused by the preferential dissolution of coarse AItCuMg particles and the entrance of Cu-rich remnants into the electrolyte during anodizing. The Al₇Cu₂Fe particles tend to be occluded in the oxide layer or lose from the oxide surface because of peripheral trenching. Small pores in the films are induced by the dissolution of precipitates in grain or subgrain boundaries. The film surface of recrystallized grain bodies is smooth and homogeneous.     

Preparation and properties of the Ni-Al/Fe-Al intermetallics composite coating produced by plasma cladding

A novel approach to produce an intermetallic composite coating was put forward. The microstructure, microhardness, and dry-sliding wear behavior of the composite coating were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis, microhardness test, and ball-on-disc wear experiment. XRD results indicate that some new phases FeAl, Fe_0.23Ni_0.77Al, and Ni₃Al exit in the composite coating with the Al₂O₃ addition. SEM results show that the coating is bonded with carbon steel metallurgically and exhibits typical rapid directional solidification structures. The Cr₇C₃ carbide and intermetallic compounds co-reinforced composite coating has a high average hardness and exhibits an excellent wear resistance under dry-sliding wear test compared with the Cr₇C₃ carbide-reinforced composite coating. The formation mechanism of the intermetallic compounds was also investigated.     

Fabrication of an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite reinforced with α-Al2O3 ceramic by discontinuous mechanical milling for thermite reaction

In this study, a powder mixture with an Al/TiO2 molar ratio of 10/3 was used to form an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite (IMC) reinforced withα-Al2O3 ceramic by a novel milling technique, called ...     

Fabrication of Fe–TiC–Al2O3 composites on the surface of steel using a TiO2–Al–C–Fe combustion reaction induced by gas tungsten arc cladding

The aim of the present study was to fabricate Fe–TiC–Al₂O₃ composites on the surface of medium carbon steel. For this purpose, TiO₂–3C and 3TiO₂–4Al–3C–xFe (0 ≤ x ≤ 4.6 by mole) mixtures were pre-placed on the surface of a medium carbon steel plate. The mixtures and substrate were then melted using a gas tungsten arc cladding process. The results show that the martensite forms in the layer produced by the TiO₂–3C mixture. However, ferrite–Fe₃C–TiC phases are the main phases in the microstructure of the clad layer produced by the 3TiO₂–4Al–3C mixture. The addition of Fe to the TiO₂–4Al–3C reactants with the content from 0 to 20wt% increases the volume fraction of particles, and a composite containing approximately 9vol% TiC and Al₂O₃ particles forms. This composite substantially improves the substrate hardness. The mechanism by which Fe particles enhance the TiC + Al₂O₃ volume fraction in the composite is determined.     

Theoretical analysis of reactive solid-liquid interfacial energies

The characterization of reactive solid-liquid interfacial energies and solid surface energies is a pressing problem in materials science and surface science. Based on the concept that unbalanced forces doing work, a mathematical formulation between surface energies and interfacial energies for reactive wetting is presented. The resulting formalism has significant generality in which the equilibrium Young’s equation for solid-liquid interfacial energies is just a special case. It is shown that a solid-liquid interfacial energy at non-equilibrium is always higher than that at equilibrium, and that the transformation of reactive interfaces to equilib-rium interfaces is an inevitable, spontaneous process. The numerical range of solid-liquid interfacial energies γsl for a limited, solid-liquid interfacial wetting system was calculated to be 0 ≤γsl ≤γsg. The calculation methods for reactive solid-liquid interfacial energies and solid surface energies are presented. They are significant for composite materials and weld, powder sinter, package of electronic devices, and other surface and interfacial issues in metallurgy.     

Microstructure characterization of a pressureless infiltrating oxidized SiCp preform by Al-8Mg

The microstructure of a pressureless infiltrating 55vol% oxidized SiC preform by Al-8Mg alloy was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction. The TEM image of the interface between Al and SiC shows that the surface of SiC is covered by a rough nanocrystal layer of MgAl₂O₄, Al₂O₃, and Si, produced by the interfacial reaction of Al, Mg, and SiO₂ on the surface of SiC. The Al-SiC interface is also examined by HRTEM to be better understood how MgAl₂O₄ and Al₂O₃ are produced. Dendritic Al₂O₃ crystals are embedded in the pores of the composite generated from the mutual bonding of SiO₂ on the surface of SiC. Columnar AlN crystals of about 250 nm in length are bunched vertically on the SiC particle surface.     

铸造1060/AZ31包铝镁合金界面结构与显微组织

为探索和改善轧制包铝镁合金板的界面结合状况,用气体保护铸造法制备了1060铝板包覆AZ31镁合金铸锭．借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了复合铸锭芯材及界面的显微组织和相结构,并进行了硬度测试．发现AZ31镁合金芯材组织由α-Mg基体以及沿晶界分布的不连续网状α-Mg＋p＋Mg17A112共晶体组成,是一种典型的铸造离异共晶组织．铸造包铝镁合金锭界面形成扩散溶解层,扩散溶解层由α-Mg固溶体层、共晶层（α-Mg＋β＋Mg17A112）、β-Mg17A112及A1Mg化合物层组成,形成具有多层结构的冶金结合界面．提出了浇注AZ31熔体的瞬间在1060铝板表面形成“熔池”并快速凝固的界面形成机制．