Atmungseffekte bei intermittierender elektrischer Reizung der Medulla oblongata zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten des Atmungszyklus beim Kaninchen

Summary In urethane-anesthetized rabbits the bulbar reticular formation was stimulated with volleys of 120 msec duration at 100 pulses per sec, the pulse duration being 0.5 msec. When shifted along the inspiration, the volleys caused an increasingly stronger inhibition followed by a rebound activation of the inspiratory activity. Towards the end of the inspiration, the volleys stopped the latter phase and shortened the following expiration. When applied during the expiration, the volleys also caused an inhibition and shortened this phase. Results suggest that the stimulus-induced pause of the inspiratory activity delays the activation by the inspiratory centre of the central inhibitory feedback mechanism.

---

---

Unterstützt durch die Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft der Stadt Basel und die Sandoz-Stiftung zur Förderung der medizinisch-biologischen Forschung.     

Über eine bei jungen Kaninchen während Erregung auftretende hochfrequente mesenzephale Bursttätigkeit

Summary In the mesencephalon of young rabbits (11–45 days old), a distinct pattern could be elicited by emotional activation: it consists of high-frequency bursts (48–70 c/sec, duration up to 150 msec), superimposed on phase-locked slow waves.     

Beeinflussung der Bromsulphalein-Clearance durch Sulfonamide beim Kaninchen

Summary Investigations in the rabbit demonstrate that even low doses of sulfonamides increase BSP clearance to about twice its normal level.     

Poterium spinosum und sein Einfluss auf den Blutzuckergehalt von Kaninchen

Summary The decocts prepared from the root and stem of the plant, when administred orally to rabbits, cause a fall in blood sugar level which is highly significant after the dose of 5 g/kg. The log dose/effect curve forms a straight line which confirms the accuracy of the effects observed. Preparations from the fruit were without any effect.     

Der Kininogenspiegel von Ratten und Kaninchen während der Gestation

Summary The investigations concern the alterations of the plasma kininogen level of rats and rabbits during gestation. The results obtained with these animals are analogous to man. For this reason rats and rabbits are suitable models for further studies on the importance of the kininogen/kinin-system during pregnancy and delivery.     

Der Oxytocingehalt im Liquor cerebrospinalis wacher Kaninchen nach elektrischer Stimulation liquorraumnaher Kerngebiete

Summary Electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus caused a significant increase of the oxytocic activity in the cerebrospinal fluid, whereas no significant increase followed a stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus.

---

---

Diese Arbeit wurde mit Mitteln des Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Technik der DDR durchgeführt.

---

Die Autoren danken FrauE. Müller and Frl.H. Papajewski für gewissenhafte technische Assistenz.     

Neuronenaktivität hypothalamischer Kerngebiete von Kaninchen nach intraventrikulärer Applikation von Vasopressin und Oxytocin

Summary Intraventricularly applied vasopressin ncreased, and oxytocin decreased, the impulse activity of neurones in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. We found a shorter reaction time for the paraventricular nucleus in comparison with the supraoptic nucleus.

---

---

Diese Arbeit wurde mit Mitteln des Ministeriums für Wissenschaft und Technik der DDR durchgeführt.

---

Die Autoren danken FrauE. Müller und Frl.H. Papajewski für gewissenhafte technische Assistenz.     

Elektronenmikroskopischer Vergleich menschlicher Iriskapillaren bei Glaucoma simplex und bei Katarakt

Résumé Dans les cellules endothéliales de capillaires iridiens de glaucomateux, on a constaté une diminution du volume des mitochondries, des vésicules micropinocytotiques et du nombre des ribosomes libres ainsi qu'un amincissement de la membrane basale. En revanche, ces cellules sont riches en corpuscules tubulaires «rod-shaped tubular bodies» deWeibel etPalade.     

Halbdesmosomen bei Phytoflagellaten

Summary Half-desmosome like structures binding the cell to the theca have been found in the phytoflagellatePlatymonas. The tonofilaments are parts of the flagellar root system.     

Serum-Haptoglobintypen bei Leberkrankheiten

Summary More frequent occurrence of the homozygote haptoglobin type 1-1 was found in patients with liver cirrhosis in comparison with its frequency in the healthy population of Prague.     

Technik der Kanülierung des Confluens sinuum beim Kaninchen für Versuche mit partiellem extrakorporellem Kreislauf

Summary Since an adequate venous blood outflow from the internal jugular vein is not available in the rabbit, a method for venous blood outflow from the Confluens sinuum was developed. It appeared to be useful in experiments with partial extracorporal circulation and for partial oxygenation of the blood circulation during haemodialysis.     

Die Erfahrungsnachwirkung bei Wahrscheinlichkeiten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Serotoninstoffwechsel bei chronischem Alkoholismus

Summary Serotonin was determined in platelets of 47 patients with alcoholism during the state of withdrawal as well as in a group of healthy persons. The results show that serotonin values were significantly lower in the group of patients with alcoholism as compared with the control group of healthy persons.     

Neue Substitutionsreaktionen bei Steroiden

Summary The intramolecular substitution of the angular methyl groups in steroids by attack of O-radicals derived from 6-, 11, and 20-alcohols is discussed. Irrespective of their genesis, these radicals abstract a hydrogen atom from one of the said methyl groups, suitably oriented in-position. The C-radicals thus formed give different products depending on the neighbouring groups.It is shown that 20-hydroxy-18-C-radicals combine with iodine atoms, to give 18-iodides which can befurther substituted through radicals to give potential 18-oxo-compounds in high yield. In the case of 20-cyanohydrines, the intramolecular reaction of the 18-C-radical with the cyano groups gives rise to the new 18-cyano-20-oxo-steroids.With 6- and 11-O-radicalssingle substitution in 19-position predominates, since the steric arrangement of the primary product favours the intramolecular ether formation over a second substitution reaction.A general reaction scheme for these transformations is proposed.

---

---

Vorgetragen vonCh. Meystre am 23. 9. 61 anlässlich der Sommerversammlung der Schweiz. Chem. Gesellschaft in Biel (vgl. Chimia15, (1961), im Druck).

---

Über Steroide 180. Mitteilung. 179. Mitt. vgl.A. Wettstein, Exper.17, 329 (1961).     

Elektronenoptische Beobachtungen bei Speicherkrankheiten

Summary Ultrastructural changes in spleen and liver in a case ofMorbus Gaucher andNiemann-Pick are discussed.The results are: (1) The Ultrastructure shows a distinct differentiation between the two diseases. (2) It seems that storage begins in mitochondria. (3) In the case ofMorbus Niemann-Pick, all Mitochondria of storage cells show an abnormal ultrastructure (diminuation in size, increased osmiophilia, disorder in the arrangement of cristae and membranes).

---

---

Die Arbeit erscheint ausführlich an anderer Stelle.     

Neuartige Umwandlungen bei den Steroiden

Summary The problem of an efficient partial synthesis of the important corticosteroidal hormone, aldosterone, involves the ability to obtain steroids with functional groups at C-18. Thus, naturally occuring steroid alkaloids, holarrhimine and conessine, were degraded to nitrogen-free 18-hydroxysteroids.In order to find other more efficient methods of synthesis, attempts were made to effect direct functionalization of the unactivated angular methyl group 18 in steroids. This was achieved by known and by novel intramolecular substitution procedures.In the course of these investigations, conessin-type compounds, novel pentacarbocyclic steroids with four-and five-membered E ring as well as novel 18,20-oxido steroids were synthesized from pregnane derivatives. The lead tetraacetate oxidation of 20-hydroxypregnanes, leading to ether formation between C-18 and C-20, ultimately provided the key step for the first partial synthesis ofnat.-aldosterone. The latter work was carried out in close collaboration with the research group of the Pharmaceutical Department of CIBA Ltd., Basle.

---

---

Erweiterte Fassung eines am 6. 5. 59 in der Zürcher Chemischen Gesellschaft sowie am 11. 6. 59 in der CIBA AG., Basel, vom Seniorautor gehaltenen Vortrages.     

Thiaminpyrophosphatase bei der experimentellen Diphtherieintoxikation

Summary The determinations of thiamine pyrophosphatase activity were carried out in the liver homogenates of normal guinea-pigs and those poisoned with diphtheria toxin.The enzyme activity in the toxaemic liver tissue is twice that of normal guinea-pigs. It is supposed that this result may partly explain the increased level of pyruvic acid in the blood of patients with diphtheria. Further studies on this problem are under way.     

Elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen bei experimenteller Poliomyelitis

Summary The lumbar motor columns of a cynomolgus monkey which had become tetraplegic after infection with a highly virulent strain of type 3 poliovirus were examined by electron microscopy. Within the cytoplasm of many endothelial cells of intraspinal blood vessels, as well as within the perikarya of numerous mononuclear inflammatory cells, there occurred regular arrays of dense particles which, on the basis of morphological evidence, could be identified as poliovirus crystals. The possible significance of virual replication by endothelial and mononuclear cells for poliovirus spread within the central nervous system is briefly discussed.