铜在玻璃碳电极上的电化学成核机理

应用动电位扫描法和恒电位阶跃法对硫酸铜体系在玻璃上的电结晶进行了研究。发现铜在该基体上的沉积没有经历UPD过程,测得其临界成核过电位为-0.104V。在本实验条件下,成熟晶核的生长受溶液中Gu~(2+)的扩散所控制,通过分析电位暂态,求出了铜的扩散系数以及不同过电位下的晶核数密度N,并对由连续成核转变为瞬时成核的原因进行了分析。     

琥珀酸氢十八酯(OHS)过饱和溶液的成核研究

为了探索培养ＯＨＳ优质单晶的优化条件，本义研究了过饱和ＯＨＳ 溶液的成核，测量了以诱导期表示的成核速率，报告了温度、过饱和度和溶剂对成核速率的影响，并根据经典成核理论计算了晶体的表面张力、成核自由能和临界成核半径。     

水汽在细微颗粒表面异质核化数值分析

建立蒸汽在同时含有不溶物质与可溶成分的粗糙颗粒表面核化特性数值实验平台,对水汽异质核化晶核形成自由能、成核速率、成核几率、成核临界饱和度、平衡水汽饱和度进行数值分析.结果表明:可溶性盐含量对成核自由能势垒、成核临界饱和度无影响,但对晶核越过自由能势垒进一步长大过程自由能及平衡水汽饱和度影响显著.用自仿射分形理论描述粗糙颗粒表面,将表面粗糙程度与接触角联系起来,研究发现:颗粒表面粗糙度降低了成核自由能势垒,引起成核速率与成核几率迅速增大,成核临界饱和度降低,而对晶核进一步长大过程中水汽的平衡无明显影响.较高的可溶性盐含量有利于核化液滴的长大;颗粒表面越粗糙,越易于核化.     

碳酸钙结晶动力学研究

采用SPIP软件对碳酸钙垢显微图像进行分析,从微观上得出过饱和度、盐含量和pH值对碳酸钙结垢动力学的影响。实验结果表明:随着过饱和度的增加,晶核数逐渐增加,诱导期逐渐缩短,当过饱和度超过443时,结晶速率迅速增加,同时得出了诱导期与过饱和度的关系;当NaCl的质量浓度小于50g/L时,随着其浓度的增大,晶核数减少,结垢诱导期增加,当NaCl质量浓度达到50g/L时,晶核数最少,与同条件无NaCl溶液相比,碳酸钙结垢晶核数减少了66.7%;当pH值大于6时,随着pH值的增加,晶核数目迅速增加,结垢诱导期迅速缩短。     

硝酸酸沉四钼酸铵过饱和溶液的成核研究

测量了不同温度和不同过饱和比下硝酸酸沉四钼酸铵过饱和溶液的成核诱导时间,讨论了温度及过饱和比对成核诱导时间和成核速率的影响.结果表明,四钼酸铵过饱和溶液的成核速率随着温度的升高和过饱和比的增大而增大.在实验温度范围内均匀成核和非均匀成核之间的临界过饱和比为3.0~6.0.根据均匀成核理论,计算了不同温度下的固液界面张力、临界半径和临界成核自由能.讨论了四钼酸铵结晶的条件,认为在成核阶段应采用较高的温度和过饱和比,而在晶核长大阶段应控制较小的过饱和比,以利于获得均匀、完整的晶体.     

蔗糖溶液成核起晶点临界尺寸的研究

本文论述了现有文献资料中关于蔗糖成核临界尺寸的各种不同报道及产生差异的原因，在研究过程中引入了溶剂夺水成核的概念和方法，比较合理地设定了晶核形成的初始时刻，并根据一系列试验数据建立了临界晶核尺寸推算公式，为蔗糖晶的理论研究和过程设计提供一个新的计算参考依据。     

超声场-静电场协同防垢机理

使用自行设计的超声场-静电场协同防垢实验装置进行模拟蒸发实验,正交实验结果表明,在声强0.53W/cm^2、场强32kV/m时有很好的协同效果,防垢率为78.46%.碘释放法研究表明,在静电场中,超声空化增强.经过超声场处理后,过饱和溶液吸收超声空化产生的微观能量,缩短了CaCO3晶体的成核诱导期,加速了晶核的生成,使晶体稳定于文石的形态,悬浮于溶液中,不易沉积,达到防垢目的.     

己二酸十八酯(OAO)过饱和溶液成核研究

对已二酸十八酯 (OAO)过饱和溶液的成核过程 ,研究不同温度、过饱和度及不同溶剂对其诱导期的影响 ,并根据经典成核理论计算了晶体的临界成核自由能和临界成核半径     

柠檬酸钠溶液中镍电结晶机制

采用循环伏安和计时电流法研究柠檬酸钠溶液中镍在玻碳电极上电结晶初期阶段的行为。研究结果表明:镍的电结晶经历了晶核形成过程且符合Scharitker-Hill三维成核/生长机制,在低过电位下,镍结晶按三维连续成核/生长方式进行;在高过电位下,镍结晶遵循瞬时成核/生长机制。沉积过电位增加,成核时间缩短,晶核数密度增大,生长速率增加,在2种成核/生长机制下镍离子的扩散系数分别为(1.63±0.48)×10-7和(1.07±0.09)×10-6cm2/s;柠檬酸钠对镍垂直于基体表面的生长速率有阻碍作用,增大硫酸镍质量浓度对生长速率有一定促进作用,但溶液中柠檬酸钠和硫酸镍质量浓度变化并不改变镍电结晶过程的成核/生长机制。     

马来酸氢十四酯(THM)在过饱和溶液中的成核

研究马来酸氢十四酯(THM)在以苯为溶剂的过饱和溶液中的成核过程,测定了以成核诱导时间表示的成核速率,分析不同温度下过饱和度对其诱导期的影响,并根据经典成核理论计算了固～液表面张力、临界成核自由能和临界成核半径.结果认为,低温度区间范围有利于THM单晶的生长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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