天然含水量风积沙修筑路堤的稳定性分析

以阿拉尔至和田沙漠公路风积沙路堤试验段进行的风积沙特性试验为基础,检测并分析了风积沙路堤的压实度、回弹模量及沉降等工程特性,得出风积沙含水量在1%左右,经过充分压实后(天然压实度要达到95%以上)虽然压实度低于规范要求的一定范围,但回弹模量仍能满足路基承载力要求,而且路基沉降量很小;风积沙颗粒均匀密实,可压缩性低,结合沙漠地区施工中运料重车的影响作用,路面铺设之前沙基已基本处于稳定,沉降基本结束。     

塔克拉玛干风积沙工程特性

风积沙是塔克拉玛干沙漠最丰富的物质,也是沙漠地区筑路的基础材料.根据大量的室内外试验结果,系统分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠风积沙的工程特性,重点分析了风积沙的力学性质.     

风积沙固化技术在公路工程中的应用

<正>1风积沙材料在公路建设中的应用1.1风积沙材料在公路建设中的应用概况多年来,国内对风积沙应用与防护均有研究,取得了风积沙工程特性的一系列数据。尤其是近年来在一些领域开展     

无机处治风积沙强度特性及工程应用研究

为探究无机处治风积沙的工程特性,通过室内试验开展了3种无机胶结料处治风积沙的7d回弹模量和无侧限抗压强度研究,明确了其强度特性和适用性.研究结果表明:随胶结料含量增加,3种处治风积沙回弹模量均增大,其中二灰处治效果最优,其次是水泥石灰处治和石灰处治;随着胶结料含量增加,水泥石灰和二灰处治的风积沙无侧限抗压强度均增大,而石灰处治的则随灰剂量增加先增大后减小,其中水泥石灰处治效果最佳,其次是石灰处治和二灰处治.综合分析强度特性,建议可将水泥石灰处治作为风积沙地区路基最优处治方法,并将其作为高等级公路的底基层和低等级公路的基层;石灰处治风积沙亦可作为低等级公路的底基层和风积沙地区路基,而二灰处治则对风积沙路基处治效果最好.     

风积沙压实机理及压实特性

以陕蒙高速公路毛乌素沙漠风积沙为主要研究对象,分析研究了该段风积沙的组成、主要特点和最大干密度的确定方法。通过重型击实试验绘制了风积沙击实特性曲线,揭示了风积沙的干压实和湿压实2种压实特性曲线;利用冲击振动复合压路机模型进行了实验室和现场压实试验,研究了风积沙在冲击振动作用下的压实特性,分析了风积沙冲击振动压实机理。结果表明:含水量对风积沙压实的最佳频率影响不大;冲击振动复合压路机对风积沙在天然含水量下的压实效果最好,优于单一的冲击和振动压路机。     

风积砂地区路面基层材料的试验研究及仿真

采用均匀设计的方法来优化安排试验,以水泥、石灰、碎石、风积砂为原材料进行试验研究,得到水泥石灰稳定风积砂的最佳含水量、最大干密度、无侧限抗压强度、回弹模量等指标,得到满足工程要求的最佳配合比为,水泥掺量900 g、石灰掺量1 000 g、碎石掺量3 000 g、风积砂掺量5 300 g。通过现场工业性试验和观测,结果表明:试验段水泥石灰稳定风积砂基层状况良好,且弯沉值满足有关的要求。将人工神经网络应用于水泥石灰稳定风积砂无侧限抗压强度的预测中,预测结果有较高的精度,同时对工程具有一定的指导意义。     

不同替代率风积砂混凝土冻融损伤特性

为探讨风积砂混凝土冻融损伤特性,对替代率为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%的风积砂混凝土,开展冻融循环试验,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、核磁共振(NMR)等表征手段,从宏观、微观及细观角度多尺度分析风积砂混凝土冻融损伤劣化规律。研究发现：风积砂混凝土质量损失率、相对动弹性模量、抗压强度损失率随冻融循环次数的增加分别呈现先减小后增大、不断减小和逐步增大的趋势;随着风积砂替代率的增加,呈现总体下降、不断上升和小幅降低的趋势,表明混凝土抗冻性增强,当达到100%时,其抗冻性最佳。从微观角度分析,随着冻融循环次数的增加,风积砂混凝土界面过渡区(ITZ)结构劣化明显。随着风积砂替代率的增加,骨料与砂浆基质剥离程度减小,水化产物由密变疏,高硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFt)、封闭小孔隙增多,抑制冻融损伤作用增强。从细观角度分析,随着冻融次数的增加,风积砂混凝土内部孔隙结构经历着新孔隙生成、大孔隙向小孔隙转换的复杂过程。随着风积砂替代率的增加,T₂谱小孔隙峰值逐渐增大,孔隙结构劣化程度减小,混凝土抗冻性增强。     

毛细作用下风积沙混凝土水分和氯离子传输特性试验

目的 研究毛细作用下水分和氯离子在风积沙混凝土中的传输特性,探讨风积沙掺量、氯盐质量浓度对水分和氯离子侵入的影响规律.方法 试验制备了 5组不同掺量的风积沙混凝土,按照比例为0％、25％、50％、75％、100％等质量替换普通河砂,通过自然扩散法进行风积沙混凝土毛细吸水/盐试验.结果 风积沙混凝土毛细吸收曲线前1 d内...     

风积沙振动参数及振动压实机理

利用振动台法,研究了风积沙的振动压实特性,分析了振幅、频率、振动时间、配重、含水量、填料方式等对风积沙振动压实特性的影响和变化规律,并选定主要参数的变化范围,进行了正交试验,以确定这些影响参数对干密度的影响程度和最佳振动参数的组合。在此基础上,利用动态力学分析方法,分析了风积沙的振动压实机理。结果表明,干燥状态和最佳含水量状态下,风积沙的最佳振动频率为45~50 Hz,风积沙振动压实时,宜采用高频率(45~50 Hz)和小振幅(0.4~1.0 mm)。     

风积沙处治公路改扩建翻浆路基工艺技术

以新疆兵团第八师下沙(下野地——沙门子)公路改扩建工程为依托,提出了风积沙在翻浆路基改扩建工程中的施工工艺及质量控制方法,为风积沙资源的科学利用提供借鉴。     

长乐东部沿海及海坛岛风沙地貌发育条件分析

本文探讨长乐东部沿海及海坛岛两地海岸风沙地貌的成因,作者根据野外调查结果分析得出风况、沙源和地形空间是长乐东部沿海及海坛岛风沙地貌发育的基本条件,认为气候变干的趋势和人类活动因素是加速海岸风沙地貌形成的触发因素。     

长乐东部沿岸风沙沉积物的粒度分布特征

长乐东部沿岸风沙沉积物主要是在强劲的NE向向岸盛行风的作用下,潮间带沙向陆地运移、堆积而成的。风成沙的主要粒级为细沙,分选好,偏度多为近对称,峰态窄到很窄。风成沙的搬运方式单一,沉积物中跳跃组分占绝对优势。由于沙源、岸线方向、发育阶段、原始地形、植被条件的差异和人类活动程度、改造利用方式的不同,该区风沙沉积物的粒度特征,在不同岸段及不同相带内均有一定差异。这些具有不同粒度特征的风成沙是海岸风沙沉积在不同发育阶段、不同环境条件下的特定产物。     

Modeling and simulation of dynamic carbonate deposition in a loess-paleosol sequence

A compartment model of dynamic deposition processes has been developed and tested in the Potou loess section of China. There are four components in the model : carbonate input of eolian dust, carbonate output of erosion, carbonate chemical equilibrium and soil water balance. A climate stochastic model software (CLIMAK) generates the daily weather data. The processes of eolian dust deposition, erosion, and pedogenesis simulate the complex process of carbonate deposition in a loess-paleosol sequence. We consider both climatic change and soil-forming factors. The results indicate that since the Late Pleistocene in Potou section, the mean carbonate fluxes from precipitation, eolian dust and erosion are 0.14g/cm~2/kg, 1.45g/cm~2/ka and 0.23g/cm~2/ka respectively. Of this, 91.2% of the carbonate input is from eolian dust.     

长乐东部风沙地貌及其开发利用

福建省长乐县东部发育典型的海岸沙丘地貌。这些海岸沙丘以及长乐东部风成沙覆盖的沙地分布区是该县主要的农业耕作区和经济开发区。本文阐述了海岸沙丘的类型和特点，风成沙的成分特征，并以此为基础，分析了不同海岸沙丘和风沙地的开发利用问题。     

Sediment provenance and evolution of the East Asian winter monsoon since 700 ka recorded by major elements in the West Philippine Sea

To synthetically realize the character of major-element compositions as well as its significance for provenance and paleoenvironment recorded in core sediments of the West Philippine Sea over the last 700 ka,grain size and major elements of 221 bulk sediments,together with major-element compositions in the detrital phase of 16 typical samples,in core MD06-3047 collected from the Benham Rise were analyzed.Both discrimination plot and R-mode factor analysis indicate that vertical changes of major elements are mainly controlled by the sedimentation of nearby volcanic matter and the eolian dust input,whereas influences from marine biologic deposition and hydrothermal activity are minor.In particular,Al2O3 and K2O are representative of an eolian dust factor.The variation in the eolian dust factor score is characterized by the obviously glacial-interglacial periodicity and can be well compared with the paleotemperature record of the Antarctic ice core and the evolution of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) recorded in the Chinese loess sequence,and then offers a new proxy for the evolution history of eolian dust input into the study area that is controlled by the EAWM intensity and aridity in the continental source regions of atmospheric dust.     

Neogene eolian deposits within the West Qinling Mountains: Climatic and tectonic implications

The Qinling Mountains constitute a key climate barrier between southern and northern China.Our recent investigations revealed widely spread eolian deposits of Neogene age mantling the piedmont highlands of the intermountain basins within West Qinling.Micro-mammalian fossils dated a 150.2 m section (NL-VI) near Xihe for the late Miocene to Pliocene (～10-4 Ma).Soil micromorphology,grain-size and geochemical analysis consistently define typical loess-soil alternations for the upper (0-66 m) and lower (98-150.2...     

汉江上游谷地黄褐土粒度组成特征及其意义

对汉江上游谷地河流一级阶地上黄褐土的粒度组成进行了分析.结果显示:剖面下部黄土的粒度参数数值(σ=1.72,Kg=1.03,S=1.15)和粒度分布曲线与古土壤的参数(σ=1.73,Kg=1.03,S=1.15)和曲线一致,而与区内典型洪水滞流沉积物洪水SWD(σ=1.9,Kg=1.10,S=1.20)不同;在粒度成分三角图中,黄土和古土壤集中落在小的区域内,而洪水SWD呈分散分布;黄土的Y值均小于—2.741 1,而洪水SWD大多数样品Y值大于—2.741 1.这证明汉江上游谷地古土壤S0继承了黄土的基本特征,两者具有风成堆积物的特性.与渭河谷地典型黄土对比,汉江上游谷地的黄土粒度与其十分相似,说明二者具有同源性.     

U-Pb ages of zircon grains reveal a proximal dust source of the Xiashu loess,Lower Yangtze River region,China

Deciphering the eolian sources is critical to understand the paleo-significance of the Quaternary eolian deposits （the Xiashu loess） in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Both a local source from the fluvial sediments of the Yangtze River and a distal source from the northern deserts similar to that of the loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau （CLP） have been proposed. Recent researches show great advantages of detrital zircon ages as a source tracer for Asian dust based on the laser ablation U-Pb isotopic dating technique. This work presents the U-Pb ages of zircon grains extracted from the Xiashu loess. The results indicate that the Xiashu loess has a very different age distribution of zircon grains from that of the loess on the CLP as well as the materials in the arid lands of the Asian Interior. Instead, the zircon ages of the Xiashu loess are indistinguishable from the fluvial sediments of the Yangtze River, indicating the dominance of proximal dust source. Proximal source of the Xiashu loess implies that extensive eolian processes might have existed in the currently wet South China, possibly in response to the full glacial conditions after the middle Pleistocene transition of global climate.     

Relationship between magnetic fabric parameters and dynamic characteristics of deposits in different environments

Comparison of magnetic fabric parameters of deposits in different modern sedimentary environments indicates that values ofP, F andL of eolian deposits are lower obviously than those of hydrogenic ones respectively. On relationship diagrams of magnetic fabric parameters, data points of eolian samples concentrated in limited area near origin of coordinates indicate that dynamic intensity is lower with less variation; while those of hydrogenic ones depart from origin of coordinates suggest higher intensity of sedimentary dynamics. Analyses of dynamic characteristics of different sedimentary environments indicate that values of magnetic fabric parameters of deposits are determined by dynamic types and characteristics of depositional processes. Magnetic fabric analyses of deposits are effective in determination of sedimentary environments.     

Extension of drylands in northern China around 250 kaBP linked with the uplift of the southeast margin of Tibetan Plateau

Study on two loess sections, one located at Wuwei near the Tengger Desert in northwestern China, another located near Ganzi at the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southwest China, reveals a coeval drying step occurred at ~250 kaBP. It is expressed by the increase in eolian grain-size at Wuwei, and by a drastic extension of C4 plants and a decrease of loess chemical weathering intensity at Ganzi. Examination of the available eolian data indicates that the event has also been clearly documented in the loess sections near the deserts in northern China, and in the eolian records from the North Pacific. On the contrary, the signal is rather weak for the central and southern Loess Plateau regions as well as for Central Asia, where the climates are influenced by the southeast Asian monsoon and the westerlies, respectively. Since the climate at Ganzi is under strong control of the southwest Asian monsoon, we interpret this drying ste p as a result of decreased influence of the southwest summer monsoon. This decre ase in monsoon moisture is attributable to the uplift of the Hengduan Mountains, the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau at～250 ka ago.