Physical quantity synergy in laminar flow field of convective heat transfer and analysis of heat transfer enhancement

Based on the principle of field synergy for heat transfer enhancement, the concept of physical quantity synergy in the laminar flow field is proposed in the present study according to the physical mechanism of convective heat transfer between fluid and tube wall. The synergy regulation among physical quantities of fluid particle is revealed by establishing formulas reflecting the relation between synergy angles and heat transfer enhancement. The physical nature of enhancing heat transfer and reducing flow resistance, which is directly associated with synergy angles α,β,γ,φ,θ and ψ; is also explained. Besides, the principle of synergy among physical quantities is numerically verified by the calculation of heat transfer and flow in a thin cylinder-interpolated tube, which may guide the optimum design for better heat transfer unit and high-efficiency heat exchanger.     

Significant heat transfer enhancement for R123 condensation by micromembrane cylinder

Renewable energy or low grade energy utilizations need high performance of phase change heat exchangers. Suspending micromembrane cylinder in tube(called modulated heat transfer tube) increases the void fractions or vapor qualities near the tube wall to significantly enhance heat transfer. The R123 condensation heat transfer with horizontal position was investigated. The results for the bare tube and modulated heat transfer tube were tested case by case. It is found that the modulated heat transfer tube significantly enhance the condensation heat transfer, with the heat transfer enhancement factors(EF)covering the range of 1.118–2.124. The comprehensive performance evaluation criteria(PEC) had the range of0.71–1.66, with most of runs behaving PEC larger than 1.0.For the two-phase outlet conditions, the EF values are increased with increases in the vapor mass fluxes, Gxin,where G is the mass flux and xinis the inlet vapor mass quality. The EF values are inversely related to Gxinfor the subcooled liquid outlet cases. The enhanced heat transfer mechanisms are analyzed with the observed images together with the discussion of pressure and velocity distributions.     

Field synergy principle of heat and mass transfer

Simultaneous heat and mass transfer widely exists in nature and engineering, and it is of vital importance to enhance heat and mass transfer efficiency. In this paper, field synergy equation of heat and mass transfer is derived from its energy equation. Results show that the total transferred heat （including the conducted heat and the heat transferred by mass diffusion through the heat transfer interface） is determined by the values of fluid velocity and enthalpy gradient as well as the value of synergy angle α of velocity vector and enthalpy gradient field. Decreasing the value of α enhances the heat and mass transfer. This means the higher the synergy of velocity vector and enthalpy gradient field, the higher the total transferred heat. By the synergy principle of heat and mass transfer, some methods may be developed to improve the heat and mass transfer efficiency.     

Experimental study on the effect of additives on the heat transfer performance of spray cold plate

The spray cold plate has a compact structure and high-efficiency heat exchange, which can meet the requirements of high heat flux dissipation of multiple heat sources, and is a reliable means to solve the heat dissipation of the next generation of chips. This paper proposes to use surfactants to enhance the heat transfer of the spray cold plate, and conduct a systematic experimental study on the heat transfer performance of the spray cold plate under different types and concentrations of additives. It was found that among the three surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can improve the heat transfer performance of the spray cold plate, and at the optimal concentration of 200ppm, the heat transfer coefficient of the spray cold plate was increased significantly by 19.8%. Both the n-octanol-distilled water and Tween 20-distilled water can reduce the heat transfer performance of the cold plate using multi nozzles. In addition, based on the experimental data, the dimensionless heat transfers correlations for the spray cold plate using additives were conducted, and the maximum errors of dimensionless correlations for using additives were 2.1%, 2.8%, and 5.4% respectively. This discovery provides a theoretical analysis and basis for the improvement of spray cold plates.     

75kW微型燃气轮机回热器传热性能试验

研究等流量法在高温回热器试验台上的应用．用等流量法(修正的等雷诺数方法)对75kW回热器进行传热性能试验，并进行传热数据分析．从总传热系数K中分离两侧的表面传热系数h，获得了有工程应用价值的Nu-Re准则关系式．     

分离式热管小倾角蒸发段传热特性的试验研究

由于分离式热管蒸发段水平及小倾角布置的重要工程应用意义,在试验台上进行了1∶1的模型试验,对分离式热管蒸发段的传热特性进行了试验研究.试验确定了工作温度、热流密度、充液率、倾角等因素对传热特性的影响;用核态沸腾理论对蒸发管的换热特性进行了无因次分析,回归试验数据得到了无因次对流换热准则关系式,它与试验结果有很好的一致性,相对误差在15%以内.研究结果表明,随着热流密度的增加,换热系数增加;工作温度增大,换热系数也增大;倾角增加时,换热系数增大;合理充液率为65%~90%,在此范围内,充液率对换热系数的影响很小.此研究结果为大型小倾角布置的分离式热管换热器的工程设计提供了依据.     

Physical quantity synergy in the field of turbulent heat transfer and its analysis for heat transfer enhancement

Based on the principle of physical quantity synergy in the field of laminar heat transfer, and according to the models of zero equation and k-ε two equations for the turbulent flow, the synergy equations for both energy and momentum conservation in the turbulent heat transfer are established. The synergy regulation among heat flux, mass flow and fluid driving force, and the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement it reflects are revealed. The synergy principle of physical quantity in the thermal flow field is extended from laminar flow to turbulent flow. The principle is verified to be universal by the calculation of heat transfer enhancement in a tube with an insert of helical twisted tape. Thus, corresponding to the synergy relation among physical quantities in the turbulent flow field, the performance of convective heat transfer and flow resistance for the tubes with different heat transfer components and surface can be compared through theoretical and computational analysis, which thereby provides a guidance for designing heat transfer units and heat exchangers.     

温度梯度对Taylor稳定性影响及其应用

分析有传热传质效应时的Rayeigh-Taylor界面稳定性问题,导出了相应的Rayeigh-Taylor不稳定临界波长和最危险波长的表达式,并有很好的外延性.结果表明:温度梯度G1＜105时,传热传质效应对临界波长和最危险波长的影响很小,可以忽略不计;G1＞106时,界面传热传质效应的影响就不可忽略.温度梯度会增强界面的Rayeigh-Taylor稳定性,提高临界波长和最危险波长的值,从而降低临界热负荷的预示值.     

扭曲椭圆管内超临界CO2冷却换热的数值模拟

为了提高CO₂热泵的传热性能,基于Fluent的数值模拟方法研究了不同质量流量下,扭距为100 mm及无扭曲状态下的水平椭圆管管内超临界CO₂冷却换热特性及二次流的变化规律,并针对竖直椭圆管引入局部换热系数和压降,研究了长短轴比b/a及扭距对扭曲管换热性能的影响。结果表明,低质量流量下扭曲椭圆管内浮升力明显大于椭圆管扭曲结构所产生的浮升力,对于低质量流量G<200 kg/(m²·s²)下的超临界CO₂流体,椭圆管具有更大强度的浮升力所造成的二次流,强化传热更明显;对于高质量流量G>200 kg/(m²·s²)下的超临界CO₂流体时,扭曲椭圆管具有更大强度自身结构所产生的周期性二次流来强化传热;管内的传热系数及压降随着扭曲程度及压扁程度的增大而增大。为扭曲椭圆管在CO₂热泵中的应用提供了重要的理论与数据支持。     

滚动轮胎表面对流换热系数的研究

对滚动轮胎表面同时考虑风吹和旋转的影响,在风洞中采用热质比拟原理,对风吹旋转圆盘的对流换热规律进行了研究,得到了圆盘半径范围内局部点的无量纲因次方程式.用相似原理把对流换热实验结果模拟到轮胎上,确定了在行驶速度为60~90 km/h的范围内,165/70R10型轮胎的平均对流换热系数随速度的变化规律,得到了拟合公式.研究表明平均对流换热系数随着速度的增加呈现线性增加的趋势.     

狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面流动换热特性

采用数值方法研究了狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面的流动换热特性,通过四种湍流模型计算结果与实验数据对比,确定了湍流模型适用性.以压力梯度分布为依据,重点分析了狭缝射流沿柱状凸形表面的流动结构和边界层分离特点及柱状凸形表面的强化换热特性.结果表明:RNG k--ε和Realizable k--ε模型具有预测适应性;狭缝射流冲击至柱状凸形表面,气体沿表面运动,速度降低,并在流动下游发生边界层分离;量纲一的逆压梯度随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而增大,使得边界层分离更早出现;驻点区域换热Nu随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而获得增强,但流动进入下游后,D/B对换热基本无影响;压力梯度是影响狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面换热分布的重要因素.     

胀管对R22和R1234ze(E)在微肋管内流动凝结换热影响试验

研究R22和R1234ze(E)在胀管前、后外径分别为5.10和5.26 mm微肋管内的截面尺寸变化、凝结换热和摩擦压降特性。分析质量流速、干度及胀管对凝结换热系数和摩擦压力梯度的影响。采用关联式对试验结果进行预测,并对关联式的预测性能进行分析。结果表明:胀管后微肋管的结构会发生一定程度的变形;凝结换热系数和摩擦压力梯度均随质量流速和干度增大而增大;质量流速为100 kg/(m^2·s)时,胀管会削弱微肋管的凝结换热性能;质量流速为200和300 kg/(m^2·s)时,胀管对换热系数的影响不明显;而质量流速为100~300 kg/(m^2·s)时,胀管对摩擦压力梯度的影响不显著。     

降膜式发生器的传热传质研究

降膜式发生器在溴化锂吸收式制冷机与热泵中得到了一定的应用,溴化锂降膜式发生器在较小的液液量和较小的温差下获得较高的热流密度和传势传质系数,尤其是当液膜沿着水平管外作降膜流动时,传热传质效果更佳,为此建立了省化锂降膜式发生器溶液发生过程传南的数学模型,该模型考虑了流动、传势与传质同时进行相互耦合的特点,对不同布液方式下的液膜流动初速进行了修正,对模型进行求解,并建立了实验台对降膜式发生器的传热传质进行实验,通过对800多组数据进行回归得出了计算传热与传质的准则关系式。     

超临界压力水在水平同心套管间自然对流换热研究

通过数值计算深入分析了超临界压力条件下水的强烈的物性变化及对流换热的边界条件对水平同心套管间自然对流换热的影响规律,并为高新技术的发展提供一定的理论基础。采用求解原始变量的有限差分法,并利用大型通用计算程序ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ,对控制方程组进行了数值求解。分析了在内、外管表面均为等壁温边界条件或内管为常热流、外管为等壁温边界条件下,同心套管间的流场和温度场;研究了强烈的变物性、内外表面温差及内管壁面上的热流密度等对内、外管壁上自然对流换热系数的影响规律。结果发现：在内管表面热流密度相同的条件下,不同的外管表面温度所对应的内、外管表面温差及对流换热系数有比较大的差异;在某些条件下,随着热流密度的升高,尽管套管内自然对流流速增大,但是自然对流换热能力却下降。     

华南地气感热通量交换系数的估算

利用2009年东莞市气象台涡动能量平衡观测系统的观测数据和常规观测数据,利用一元线性回归的方法对感热交换系数进行估算。结果表明,感热交换系数具有明显的季节变化,春季的感热通量交换系数相对较大,而夏、秋两季的感热交换系数则相对较小。近地面风速越大,感热交换系数越小。华南地区感热交换系数一般在(3.26±1.55)×10-3的范围。     

介电流体的EHD强化凝结换热实验研究

在自行设计组装的基于朗肯循环的低温余热发电模型的基础上,以CFC11为工质,进行了介电流体的EHD强化凝结换热的实验研究,得出了不同温度下凝结换热系数,热流密度与外施电压之间的关系,并对外施电场的功耗进行了分析,为EHD冷凝强化换热理论研究的扩展提供了一定的依据.     

特厚钢板阵列射流淬火的表面换热

采用特厚钢板专用辊式射流淬火试验装置和多通道钢板温度记录仪,测试出射流速度3.39~26.8 m·s-1、雷诺数12808~117340、水流密度978.7~6751.5 L·(m2·min)-1条件下,84 mm厚钢板淬火冷却曲线;进而基于反传热修正方法计算高温钢板淬火过程壁面温度和热流密度,描绘出沸腾曲线,分析多束圆孔阵列射流对特厚钢板淬火表面换热的影响.结果表明:射流速度、水流密度等参数影响钢板表面射流滞止区和平行流区换热机制,进而影响最大热流密度分布.射流速度较低时,壁面平行流区观察到混合换热和"热流密度肩"现象;随射流速度增大,膜沸腾换热机制消失,最大热流密度移至较低壁面过热度处.相关研究将对特厚钢板淬火过程温度场计算和组织性能调控提供有益的帮助.     

含湿多孔介质传热传质三参数渗流模型研究方法

回顾了含湿多孔介质传热传质模型的发展，系统地介绍了三参数渗流模型概括的基本传递机制和物性数据，特别是松散介质的物性数据的获取方法。以埋管周围砂土内的传热传质动态过程研究为例，给出了不同边界条件的描述，介绍了介质物性数据及初始温度、含湿饱和度等的确定方法。最后，给出了常功率加热条件下，浅埋水平管道周围温度、含湿饱和度以及压力分布变化情况     

An equation of entransy transfer and its application

Entransy is a physical quantity describing heat transfer ability, and heat transfer is accompanied by entransy transfer. Thermal energy is conserved in its transfer process, while entransy is dissipated because of the irreversibility of its transfer process. As a result, entransy transfer must have its rules which are different from those of thermal energy transfer. Based on the definition of entransy, an entransy transfer equation is derived, which describes the entransy transfer processes of a multi-component viscous fluid subject to heat transfer by conduction and convection, mass diffusion and chemical reactions. The expressions of entransy flux and entransy dissipation are obtained simultaneously, and their physical mechanism is clarified. And further, the theory and method of optimizing heat transfer applying the entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process are expounded. The minimum thermal resistance principle and the entransy dissipation extremum principle are obtained by applying the steady-state entransy transfer equation to the steady-state convection heat transfer process. The cases of the single-component steady-state convection heat transfer and the steady-state heat conduction show the application of the theory and method.     

滑移流区平行平板微通道内单侧加热流动与换热

对一侧等热流、一侧绝热热边界条件下,流动与热充分发展的平行平板微通道在滑移流区内层流流动与换热进行了理论分析,研究了槽道内速度场与温度场的分布、换热特性,以及Kn、动量协调系数、热协调系数的影响.