崖沙燕繁殖期雄鸟的占巢行为

2003年3月至2004年4月在南充市郊的嘉陵江边对崖沙燕(R iparia riparia)繁殖期的占巢行为进行了研究.结果表明:占巢行为的平均持续时间为508.07±335.23 s(n=14),标准间隔时间为11.68 s,争斗行为中停顿时间占总时间的(9.55±3.35)%(n=14).对占巢过程中的两种鸣叫声(恫吓叫声、屈服叫声)进行了声谱分析,恫吓叫声持续时间为90-122 m s,频率范围为7 000-2 000 Hz;屈服叫声持续时间为146m s,频率范围为7 300-2 200Hz.     

罗非鱼对低频声刺激的听觉行为

用行为定量解析法,对罗非鱼在低频区(100～1000Hz)由计算机分别以 1s和5s给声和撒声,用4个不同频率声为刺激,以速度、方向、间距和重心变化以及它们的个体间平均值作行为量,统计分析,研究罗非鱼的听觉反应行为。结果表明,罗非鱼对低频各频率声刺激皆有明显反应,其最敏感频率在 400Hz,与有关鱼类听觉文献以及有关罗非鱼电生理学研究结果一致。     

一维三组元杆状结构声子晶体带隙研究

采用集中质量法对一维三组元杆状结构声子晶体带隙特征进行计算,将其与一维二组元杆状结构声子晶体进行比较。研究表明,一维三组元结构声子晶体能有效拓宽带隙频率范围且能降低起止频率。在一维二组元(铝/塑料)声子晶体组份材料铝和塑料之间插入丁腈橡胶前后,保证2个模型的晶格常数a=0.3m、自由度总数300相同。当组份比t为1时,三组元(铝/丁腈橡胶/塑料)声子晶体可以降低第1带隙的起始频率463.7Hz、截止频率2 108.1Hz。当三组元声子晶体晶格常数a由0.03m增大到0.42m时,该声子晶体第1带隙起始频率由18 943Hz下降到1 353.1Hz,截止频率由37 799Hz下降到2 699.9Hz。如果取三组元声子晶体的晶格常数为0.3m,固定其中铝的长度为0.15m,将丁腈橡胶和塑料的长度之和固定为0.15m,调节丁腈橡胶的长度由0m增大到0.15m时,该声子晶体第1带隙起始频率由2 359.8Hz下降到1 664.7Hz,截止频率由5 888.0Hz下降到4 065.3Hz。同时该声子晶体第1带隙宽度变化在低频率区存在一个峰值3 043.6Hz。这些变化规律对拓展一维杆状声子晶体的带隙特征具有积极意义。     

四种骨鳔类对间歇声反应特性的研究

本文研究了四种骨鳔类对间歇声反应的特性:(1)可闻频率上限:鳙3000—15000Hz,白鲢3000—10000Hz,草鱼3000—8000Hz,鲤鱼1500—3000Hz。下限均为20Hz。(2)四种骨鳔类在可闻频率范围内仅出现一个敏感区,100—250Hz。(3)四种骨鳔类,都有明显的剩余掩蔽效应。(4)通过对星耳石的观察发现,是耳石的θ角与可闻频率上限成正比。     

不同频率超声波对彩虹鲷幼鱼生长发育的影响

研究超声波辐射频率分别为0、20、28、40 k Hz时,对质量为(0.23±0.05)g彩虹鲷幼鱼生长发育的影响.30 d的试验结果表明:超声波辐射频率为20 k Hz试验组的质量相对增加率、特定生长率、蛋白质表观消化率最高,分别为(108.80±4.09)%、(2.45±0.70)%·d~(- 1)和(90.60±1.26)%;辐射频率为28 k Hz试验组彩虹鲷幼鱼的干物质消化率最高,为(69.58±1.94)%;超声波辐射频率为40 k Hz试验组的质量相对增加率、特定生长率、干物质消化率、蛋白质表观消化率最低,分别为(71.79±1.64)%、(1.80±0.31)%、(60.46±1.17)%和(86.06±1.81)%.由研究结果可知,不同超声波辐射频率对彩虹鲷幼鱼的质量相对增加率、特定生长率、消化率有显著影响(P0.05).超声波辐射频率在20~28 k Hz间有利于彩虹鲷幼鱼生长,超声波辐射频率为40 k Hz时不利于彩虹鲷幼鱼生长发育.     

灰眉岩鹀(Emberiza godlewskii)的鸣唱特征分析

2010年春季在北京小龙门林场对灰眉岩鹀(Emberiza godlewskii)繁殖季的鸣唱进行了研究.共有24只个体录得清晰可供分析的录音,平均每个个体分析录音39句(最少14句,最多108句).结果表明:1)灰眉岩鹀鸣唱句子的最高频率为(9.73±0.41)kHz,最低频率(2.50±0.24)kHz,起始音素与下一音素的时间间隔为(0.26±0.06)s,句子持续时间为(2.32±0.42)s,由(14.33±1.93)个音素组成;2)灰眉岩鹀通过音素的重复、增减、替换来增加鸣唱的复杂性;3)不同个体间鸣声变量的差异性显著(P<0.05);4)有2只个体存在效鸣现象,对象分别为金翅雀(Carduelis sinica)和大山雀(Parus major).     

普通伏翼蝠(Pipistrellus abramus)回声定位及母婴交流行为研究

研究了普通伏翼蝠成蝠回声定位声波特征及捕食策略,并研究了其幼蝠的声波特征.结果表明:普通伏翼蝠成蝠回声定位声波为声脉冲时间长度中等的FM型,一次完整的声波包括1～2个谐波,在不十分复杂的环境中掠食中等大小的静止昆虫;幼蝠发出频率较低、声脉冲时间较长、结构不固定的不连续叫声.利用SPSS11.0软件对成蝠与幼蝠声波进行了统计学分析,发现成蝠与幼蝠叫声存在较大差异,幼蝠的不连续叫声亦存在较大的个体间差异,且主要存在于异母所产的幼蝠个体间.讨论了成幼声波差异产生的个体发生学原因,幼蝠个体间声波差异产生的原因及其在普通伏翼蝠母婴交流行为中的主要作用.为深入研究蝙蝠幼蝠声波与母婴交流行为奠定基础.     

四次非谐势下的能隙呼吸子和三次非谐势的影响

在局域非简谐近似(LAA)和旋转波近似(RWA)下,研究具有K2-K3-K4相互作用势的一维双原子链晶格振动的能隙呼吸子.数值计算得到以重原子为中心的对称呼吸子(HS模)振动图像,特别是不同三次非谐势的HS模振动图像.结果表明,一维K2-K3-K4双原子链中能隙呼吸子的HS模,一般只存在于四次软非简谐势(soft anharmonicity)的情况下.三次非谐势对局域振动模有显著的影响.当三次非谐势由零变为非零,轻原子的振动明显增强;随着三次非谐势的进一步增大,轻原子的振动又很快减弱.同时,DGB中心重原子的振幅随三次非谐势的变化不明显.     

成年与幼仔斑海豹空气中声信号的特性比较

海豹科动物发声与其生命活动息息相关,记录其声信号并分析信号特征是海豹声学研究的一个重点.对斑海豹(Phoca largha)在空气中的发声及信号特性进行研究,对成年斑海豹与幼仔斑海豹的声信号特征进行比较,并利用Mat-lab R2011a等软件对这些信号进行时域和频域分析.结果表明:成年斑海豹在空气中声信号的持续时间分布在0.6～1.6s,平均值为1.15s,频谱能量集中分布在0.5～2kHz,峰值频率、3dB带宽和10dB带宽分别为(0.99±0.18),(0.22±0.17)和(0.69±0.16)kHz;幼仔斑海豹声信号平均持续时间为2.45s,比成年斑海豹长,频谱能量分布与成年斑海豹类似,峰值频率、3dB带宽和10dB带宽分别为(1.13±0.10),(0.11±0.10)和(0.61±0.44)kHz,其中峰值频率和3dB带宽变化范围均比成年斑海豹小.     

四种雏蝗雄性鸣声结构的比较研究(直翅目:蝗总科)

为了探讨将雏蝗属(Chorthippus)的标本鉴定到种的方法，应用计算机技术分析采自新疆的白纹雏蝗(C.albonemusCheng)，宽隔雏蝗(C.amplinteritusLin)，华北雏蝗(C.brunneus huabeiensisXia et Jin)和中宽雏蝗[C．aprcarius(L)]雄性的召唤声结构。结果：白纹雏蝗雄性每次鸣叫持续时间3—4s，脉冲组重复率26次／秒，脉冲组持续时间0．032s，主能蜂频率约为7．96kHz。宽隔雏蝗雄性每次鸣叫持续时间1．5—2s，脉冲组重复率8．9次／秒，脉冲组持续时间0．108s，主能峰频率约为8．98kHz，每个脉冲组由5个不明显的脉冲串构成。华北雏蝗雄性每次鸣叫持续时间50—55s，脉冲组重复率8．8次／秒，脉冲组持续时间0．105s，主能峰频率约为8．91kHz，每个脉冲组由4个不明显的脉冲串组成。中宽雏蝗雄性每次鸣叫持续时间55—60s，脉冲组重复率为4．9次／秒，脉冲组持续时间0．18s，主能峰频率约为10．17kHz，每个脉冲组由3个脉冲串构成。这4种雏蝗雄性召唤声特征差异显著，可作为识别物种的依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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