ClO2+Cl2体系中ClO2和Cl2含量的测定

该文在经典碘量法的基础上 ,提出了一种测定ClO2 Cl2 混合体系中ClO2和Cl2 含量的方法。按通常的碘量法可测定体系的总有效氯 (ClO2 Cl2 ) ;向体系中加入一定量的掩蔽剂二甲亚砜后可有效地掩敝体系中的Cl2 ,进而可测定体系中的ClO2 。两者之差即为体系中Cl2 的含量。该测定方法具有良好的精密度和准确度 ,相对标准偏差低于 0 .1 5 % ,相对误差为 0 .0 5 %。     

对五步碘量法测定二氧化氯含量的几点建议

本文比较了现有水中ClO2、Cl2、ClO2-和ClO3-的区分测定方法,指出了五步碘量法是一种能准确区分四种组分含量的方法,但这种方法仍需要完善,并对此给出了几点建议。     

杀菌剂对不同生长状态下生物黏泥的作用效果

在不同状态下培养生物黏泥,考察生物黏泥的生长特性和ClO2对不同类型生物黏泥的杀菌过程,确定ClO2有效杀菌时间和杀菌质量浓度。结果表明:当培养液中营养配比分别为ρ(CODCr):ρ(N):ρ(P)=50:10:11、00:10:1和150:10:1时,生物黏泥的湿重和胞外聚合物的含量增加;当培养状态为ρ(CODCr):ρ(N):ρ(P)=100:10:1时,生物黏泥的脱氢酶活性含量最大;当培养液中碳源质量浓度增加时,ClO2作用的有效时间随之延长,分别为1、1.5、1.75 h,ClO2有效杀菌质量浓度也随之增大,分别为0.5、1.5和2 mg/L。     

二氧化氯消毒剂在饮用水处理中的应用

近年来,饮用水源污染日趋严重,传统消毒剂Cl2将与水中的有机物合成大量的致癌或致诱变的副产物.ClO2作为氯系消毒剂的最佳替代品,它高效广谱杀菌、作用持久、安全可靠,在饮用水消毒方面表现出巨大的发展潜力,目前已经在美国等一些发达国家得到了大力推广.但在我国广泛应用还存在着发生器运行不稳定、设备材质耐腐蚀强度不足以及消毒成本较高等问题.     

不对称混合型配合物[Ru(ptp)(bpy)Cl]ClO4的合成与表征

合成了含三齿不对称多吡啶配合物[Ru(ptp)(bpy)Cl]ClO4和bpy分别表示3-(2-邻菲罗啉基)-1，2，4-三嗪并[5，6．f]菲和2，2’-联吡啶)，用元素分析(EA)、电喷雾质谱(ES-MS)、核磁共振氢谱(^1H-NMR)和电子吸收光谱(UV-vis)对其进行了表征，用循环伏安法和交流伏安法研究了配合物的电化学性质，由于ptp较强的吸电子能力，使它与[Ru(ptp)(bpy)Cl]ClO4和[Ru(pta)(bpy)Cl]ClO4相比，MLCT峰向长波方向移动，而阳离子的氧化峰也变得更正。     

桶装水空桶和桶盖的杀菌消毒和清洗技术研究

在国内首次研究了二氧化氯对桶装水空桶和桶盖中微生物的杀灭效果.研究结果表明,高纯二氧化氯是最有效的杀菌剂,二氧化氯投加质量浓度为0.5 mg/L即可获得满意的杀菌效果;高纯二氧化氯对桶装水水桶和桶盖中的细菌均具有很好的杀菌效果,且20 mg/L的ClO2溶液冲洗1~3 min左右空桶和桶盖获得很高的杀菌率,所以二氧化氯是一种有效的适用于桶装水水桶和桶盖的清洗剂和杀菌剂.     

稳定性二氧化氯对病毒的消毒作用及应用

随着我国工农业、医药卫生事业、旅游业、环境业保护事业等方面的发展及社会交往频繁 ,杀菌、消毒的重要亦就显得更加突出 .一种优良的杀菌、消毒药剂不仅应能迅速地杀灭微生物 ,还要具备安全、稳定、无刺激、高效等优点 .ClO2 已被世界卫生组织列为A1级高效安全消毒剂 ,它具有广谱、高效、安全、快速等特点 .本文研究表明 ,ClO2 对大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、结核杆菌、艾滋病毒、乙肝病毒、脑髓炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、疱疹病毒、流感病毒等均有很好的杀灭作用[1,2 ] ,并在今年春天抗SARS中成为有用的消毒剂 .稳定性ClO2 的消毒杀菌作用是…     

CCl自由基的氧化反应机理

在UB3LYP/6-311Gd,p水平上研究了CCl自由基与O2反应的微观机理.优化得到了反应路径上各驻点的构型.研究发现,CCl+O2反应有Cl+CO2、ClO+CO和ClCO+O3种产物通道,其中Cl+CO2可能为主要反应通道.     

1CCl2+O2反应机理的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311+ +G(d,p)水平上研究了二氯卡宾1CCl2与O2在单重态势能面上的微观反应机理.优化了中间体、过渡态和产物的构型,并得到了相应的能量值.研究发现1CCl2+O2反应有4种产物通道:CO2+Cl2、CO2+2Cl、ClCO+ClO和CO+Cl2O,且前两种是主要通道.     

立方烷簇合物[（η^5-C5Me5）2Mo2（μ3-S）4Cu2（PPh3）2 -（ClO4）2·H2O的合成、结构与三阶非线性光学性质研究

以[（η5-C5Me5）2Mo2（μ-S）2S2 和Cu（MeCN）4（ClO4）在乙腈中回流并与PPh3反应得到了簇合物[（η5-C5Me5）2Mo2（μ3-S）4Cu2（PPh3）2 （ClO4）2·H2O.对其进行了红外、紫外光谱和X射线晶体结构测试.并使用Z扫描技术在532nm处测定了其在CH2Cl2溶液中的三阶非线性光学（NLO）性质.结果表明：该簇合物具有立方烷结构的簇阳离子,在溶液中表现出较强的三阶非线性吸收和自散焦效应。     

Reactions Between Humic Acid Solutions and Excessive ClO2 or Cl2

Reactions between humic acid solutions and excessive ClO2 or Cl2 have been investigated. Under various experimental conditions, the removal efficiency of TOC, UV254 and A140 from humic acid solutions were examined. The relationship between the removal efficiency and the consumption of ClO2 or Cl2 was discussed. The results showed that the maximum demand of ClO2 was 2.19 mg/mg TOC for the humic acid solution under the experimental conditions, and that of Cl2 was 1.88 mg/mg TOC. The variation tendency of ClO2 consumption was similar to that of Cl2. TOC of humic acid solutions decreased 15.2% and 15.6% after the reaction with ClO2 or Cl2 respectively. Under the experimental conditions, 21.4% of unsaturated bonds and 52.8% of humic acid color were removed by ClO2 in 168 h. As for Cl2, removal efficiency of unsaturated bonds and humic acid color were 16.8% and 41.7% respectively. Larger molecules from humic acid were oxidized to smaller molecules by ClO2 and Cl2. Higher oxidation potential of ClO2 than that of Cl2 was also indicated by variation of UV254/A410 ratios. The similar tendency, that exhibited faster variation in the initial 24 h, existed for all the research factors.     

水体中腐殖酸含量与ClO2投加量间的相互关系研究

研究了水体中不同腐殖酸含量和过量ClO2充分反应的过程,探讨了ClO2消耗量及TOC、CODMn、UV254、UV410值的变化与腐殖酸起始含量之间的关系,结果表明:该腐殖酸水样的ClO2最大需求量为2.19 mg/mgTOC,ClO2剩余量和余氯的变化规律相似;腐殖酸水样的TOC和CODMn平均降低15%和19%,UV254和UV410去除率达到21%、49%,ClO2可以有效降低腐殖酸的THMs形成潜能和水体色度.     

Ordinary Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide and By-products Chlorite and Chlorate in Water

Acute toxicity and accumulated toxicity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and by-products chlorite (ClO2-) and chlorate (ClO3-) in water acted on mice are studied by the method of Horn and accumulation coefficient. Subchronic toxicity of the mixture of ClO2 and ClO2-and ClO3- in water acted on rat is studied though feeding test for 90 days, including statistical analysis of variance on weight gaining, food utilization efficiency,index of blood and serum,liver (or kidney) to body weight ratio, and histopathological examination on liver and kidney. The results show that aqueous solution of ClO2, NaClO2 and NaClO3 ( with the concentration of 276.5 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 200 mg/L respectively) and the mixed aqueous solution of ClO2 with the concentration of 553 mg/L are actually non-poisonous , and non-cumulative aqueous solution as well.     

阴离子Cl- NO-3 ClO-4对Pb2+/Ag UPD体系行为的影响研究

研究了 Pb2 / Ag欠电位沉积 (UPD)体系在不同阴离子 (Cl-,NO-3 ,Cl O-4)存在下的行为 .发现 Pb2 UPD峰电位随溶液中 Cl-离子浓度增加负向移动 ,而随溶液中 Pb2 离子浓度增加正向移动 ;NO-3 在银电极上不但有吸附而且有反应 ,但其吸附竞争力较 Cl-而言明显较弱 ;Cl-的诱导吸附有利于取得稳态条件下 UPD Pb的最大表面覆盖度 ;Cl O-4则未发现有明显的吸附行为 .     

二氧化氯在饮用水消毒应用的探讨

二氧化氯(ClO2)是一种性能优越的饮用水消毒剂.本文对二氧化氯的特性、消毒原理和消毒的优点进行了介绍,着重阐述二氧化氯的制备方法,二氧化氯有害副产物的生成抑制和消除,分析了二氧化氯在水厂应用中自动化控制的问题.     

Characteristic and mechanism of inactivating algae with O3 and ClO2

Both O3 and ClO2 have a high effect on inactivating-algae in source water with no forming THMs which do harm to human in producing drinking water, so they will be favorably substituted for Cl2. In order to make certain of the mechanism of inactivating algae with O3 and ClO2, the algal cell number change and its different characteristics of figures and structures in treated and untreated water have been studied by the microscopy and SEM and the mode of inactivating algae has been inferred. The results show that the mechanism of inactivating algae by O3 is not completely identical with that by ClO2. The actual reaction process and efficiency have been controlled by many factors, such as the different characteristics of oxidants and algal cells.     

Removal of Microcystin-LR in Water by Chlorine Dioxide

Microcystins(MCs)are well known as hepatotoxins produced by blooms of toxic cyanobacteria(blue-green algae) abundant in surface water used as drinking water resource and have drawn attention of environmentalists world over by leading to adverse health effects.A study on efficiency and reaction kinetics of microcystin-LR(MC-LR)degradation by ClO2 was performed. Experimental results indicated that MC-LR was removed by ClO2 effectively and the residual concentration of MC-LR could meet the national guideline(GB5749-2006)(1.0 μg·L-1 ),the efficiency of removal was in positive correlation to ClO2 dosage and reaction time and in negative correlation to initial concentration of MC-LR and pH value, whereas it was affected by temperature slightly.ClO2 dosage was the most important reaction factor on base of the orthogonal test results.The reaction was second order overall and first order with respect to both ClO2 and MC-LR,and had an activation energy of 78.81 kJ · mol-1.The reaction rate constant was 4.74×102 L/(mol·min) at 10 ℃.Therefore, oxidation of ClO2 could be taken as an effective technology for removing MC-LR from drinking water resources in traditional drinking water supplies.     

2,3-双-(2-吡啶)喹喔啉-CuⅡ配合物的合成、表征及晶体结构

报道了配合物[Cu(DPQ)2(ClO4)](ClO4)·H2O·0.5CH2Cl2·CHCl3(DPQ=2,3-双-(2-吡啶)喹喔啉)的合成及表征(元素分析、电导、红外和紫外光谱).室温X-射线单晶衍射分析结果表明,标题配合物(C37.5H28Cl6CuN8O9,分子量=1010.92)处于正交晶系,Pmmn空间群,a=1.0547(2)nm,b=1.1819(2)nm,c=2.0014(4)nm,V=2.4949(9)nm,Z=2,Dc=1.346g/cm3,F(000)=1024,μ(MoKα)=0.813mm-1.最终精修得到的R及wR因子分别为0.0452和0.1070,独立衍射点个数为2367.配合物由分立的[Cu(DPQ)2(ClO4)] 阳离子,未配位的ClO4-阴离子和溶剂分子组成.中心Cu 离子分别与两个DPQ配体上的4个吡啶氮原子以及高氯酸根上的一个氧原子配位,其配位几何构型为理想四方锥.两个DPQ配体仅通过吡啶氮原子与Cu 离子螯合配位,形成两个七元环.此外,结构中两个平行喹喔啉环之间存在着π…π堆积相互作用.