基于最小生成树的时延约束多播路由算法

多播路由已有广泛的应用,但满足时延约束而代价最小的多播路由算法复杂性很高．提出一种快速有效的基于最小生成树满足端到端时延限制的多播路由算法SsTBMR．STBMR试图建立原图的满足时延约束的最小生成树,如果这样的最小生成树不存在,则用已找到的树与时延最小路径一起组成满足时延约束的多播树此算法简单易实现,时间复杂度为O(n2),与Kpp算法的时间复杂度O(△n3)相比,具有更大的应用价值．当然,这是以多播树的费用增大为代价的．实验模拟表明STBMR算法构造的多播树费用比KPP算法构造的约大4%,但STBMR算法执行所耗CPU时间比KPP算法约少54％．     

一个有效的时延约束最小代价多播路由算法

基于时延约束多播路由问题考虑链路代价,提出一种新的时延约束最小代价路径(DCM-CA)算法,作为搜寻节点间最短路径的算法;在此基础上又改进了基于代价-时延比率(CDR)函数的有效中心节点选择算法;基于CBT树,应用上述2种算法提出一种基于中心选择的时延约束最小代价多播路由(CS-DCMCMR)算法,该算法在搜寻路径和中心节点选择的问题上同时考虑路径的时延和代价。仿真证明CS-DCMCMR算法的时间复杂度为O(mlogn),与CSDVC算法和CCLDA算法相比,该算法在没有增加复杂度和满足时延及时延抖动约束的条件下,较大程度地减小了最终多播树的总代价。     

基于蚁群算法的QoS多播路由算法

提出一种基于蚁群算法的分布式动态QoS多播路由的算法.充分考虑路径时延对多播树总代价的影响,多播树中添加符合QoS约束条件的路径,并且从多播组的目的结点出发进行搜索,该路径的路径代价在该次选中的所有迭代路径中最小,以"拉"的模式分布式地构造出多播树。实验结果表明,该算法代价性能良好,能满足多媒体网络的实时性要求.     

移动自组网的多约束QoS多播路由最优算法

在多播应用中,应当确保多种网络服务质量(Qos).针对移动自组网多播通信业务工程,本文给出了一个基于遗传算法的多约束最优化路由算法(MQMGA),该算法能够优化最大链路利用、节省多播树开销、保持长寿命路径选择、减少平均延迟和端对端最大延迟.仿真实验结果表明,该算法有效,能够提高多播通信业务工程的性能,易于评价移动自组网的路由稳定性.     

基于状态分布式传感网络的多播路由算法研究

针对在无线传感网中存在的延迟等待时间、节能比、吞吐率等参数会限制多播路由的问题,提出基于状态分布式传感网络的多播路由算法(SDSMR).算法结构中包含簇头(CH)节点、核心节点(CNs)与传感器节点(SNs),其中CH节点和CNs构成核心节点网络,核心节点网络中的CNs与SNs构成核心节点网络支持的多播树,CH节点可以进行拓扑控制、路由和监视SNs的能量状态,CNs存储多播路由状态信息,可以最小化链路故障期间的路由复杂性,SNs参与核心节点网络支持的多播路由,节约了CNs的能量消耗,从而提高整个网络的性能.将SDSMR算法与HGMR算法、DCAMEM算法进行对比仿真实验,结果表明采用SDSMR算法能够有效减少延迟等待时间,提高节能比与吞吐率,并表现出良好的系统性能.     

BowCast：一种适应非对称链路延时网络的P2P多播路由协议

虽然IP多播的性能优势无可否认,但是它却面临着部署上的困难.近年来,P2P多播作为提供多播服务的另一可行途径正不断为人们所认可.研究非对称链路延时网络环境下P2P多播的路由问题,提出一个新的P2P多播路由协议:BowCast.该协议采用基于树(tree-based)的分布式路由策略,使多播组成员之间能自组织地构建一棵基于源的最小延时P2P多播树.BowGast主要利用范围受限的单向探测技术(BOW)来实现路由优化算法.BOW能提供端系统节点间的单向相对延时,无需全局的同步时钟.仿真实验表明,BowCast能很好地适应非对称链路延时环境.通过调节BOW的探测范围,BowCast能灵活地在路由性能和控制开销之间进行折中.     

链路优化时延约束组播路由的遗传算法

针对网络的瓶颈路径易造成网络拥塞的现象,分析了链路负载不平衡的原因,重新给出链路代价定义,提出一种遗传算法求解该类组播路由问题.算法从链路代价权值转化开始,以满意的时延树为遗传算法的初始解集,然后在交叉操作过程中不断地用低链路代价的边代替树中高链路代价的边,以求得满足链路代价最优的组播树.仿真结果表明,该算法在考虑网络的负载均衡情况下,选择链路代价较低的空闲路径,快速、有效地构建满足时延要求,链路代价最小的组播树.     

一种快速的近似最小代价多播路由算法MCTH

提出一种快速近似最小代价多播种由算法。算法通过动态调整结点与当前躜上树的代价值,依次选择和当前路由树有最小代价的结点来逐步生成总体代价小的多播路由树。Ｍｉｎｉｍｕｍ Ｃｏｓｔ Ｐａｔｈ Ｈｅｕｒｉｓｔｉｃ （ＭＰＨ）是一个性能很好的Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ对近似算法,算法分析和实验比较得出,本文的算法与ＭＰＨ有相同的性能,但复杂性更低,并且建立路由时仅需了解相邻结点之间链路的代价信息。     

一种改进的最小代价网络编码算法

分析了网络编码内在特性,指出网络编码区别于传统多播并提升多播传输性能的根本原因在于网络中存在被不同传输路径所重用的关键链路.通过在构建网络编码多播的传输路径时形成较少的关键链路,提出了一种基于关键链路的最小代价网络编码算法.该算法是在最大流算法的基础上加以改进的,并结合了网络增广链和最小截集的性质,是一种有效的最小代价网络编码算法.基于随机网络的仿真实验证明,在实现多播理论容量的前提下,该算法能有效降低网络编码的代价.     

基于蚁群优化的应用层多播路由算法

路由问题是应用层多播中最复杂的问题之一.给出了一种基于蚁群优化(ACO)的应用层多播路由算法,可同时得到度均衡和较小直径的多播树.为证实算法在现实网络中的表现,建立了Cernet-Like模型.SHI曾经给出了与目标相同的ICT算法.在Cerne-Like模型上对ICT和ACO算法进行了对比测试,结果表明ACO算法能够得到直径更小且度更均衡的多播路由树.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with