17-Hydroxycorticosteroids in human milk

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an freiem und gebundenem 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid wurde an 8 Muttermilchentnahmen nach einer Modifikation der Methode vonSilber undPorter geprüft. Der erhaltene Wert war nichtsignifikant niedrig. Auf einmalige intramuskuläre Injektion von 100 mg Cortison oder Hydrocortison erfolgte kein signifikanter Anstieg des Steroidwertes.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, we synthesized 4-chloro-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one-17, 20-acetonide and 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one. 11, 17-dihydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one was obtained from cortisone via methyl-17-hydroxy-3, 11-dioxo-4-etienate.     

The obesity-related pathology and Th17 cells

Chronic inflammation associated with obesity plays a major role in the development of metabolic diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Among Th subsets, Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Accumulating data suggest that reciprocal interactions between the metabolic systems and immune system play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. We herein outline the developing principles in the control of T cell differentiation and function via their cellular metabolism. Also discussed are recent findings that changes in the intracellular metabolism, including fatty acid metabolism, affect the Th17 cell function in obese individuals. Finally, we will also highlight the unique molecular mechanism involved in the activation of retinoid-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) by intracellular metabolism and discuss a new therapeutic approach for treating autoimmune disorders through the inhibition of RORγt.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-steroide: Darstellung von 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-on aus Reichsteins Substanz S

Summary The synthesis of 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one fromReichsteins compound S is described. Transformation of 3,3-ethylenedioxy-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-5-androsten into 17-methyl-isotestosterone demonstrates the configuration of the substituents at C-17.     

Chromosome 17-linked dementias

Chromosome 17-linked dementias have been defined by linkage analysis. The most common of these syndromes has been estimated to be the cause of between 2 and 20% of all dementia and has alternately been called frontotemporal dementia, Pick's disease (without Pick bodies) and dementia lacking distinctive features [1 – 3]. The identification of the mutation responsible for these conditions in a group of clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders may allow us to gain broad insight into the processes of neurodegeneration.     

The ubiquitin-proteasome system and chromosome 17 in cerebellar granule cells and medulloblastoma subgroups

Chromosome 17 abnormalities are often observed in medulloblastomas (MBs), particularly those classified in the consensus Groups 3 and 4. Herein we review MB signature genes associated with chromosome 17 and the relationship of these signature genes to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. While clinical investigators have not focused on the ubiquitin-proteasome system in relation to MB, a substantial amount of data on the topic has been hidden in the form of supplemental datasets of gene expression. A supplemental dataset associated with the Thompson classification of MBs shows that a subgroup of MB with 17p deletions is characterized by reduced expression of genes for several core particle subunits of the beta ring of the proteasome (β1, β4, β5, β7). One of these genes (PSMB6, the gene for the β1 subunit) is located on chromosome 17, near the telomeric end of 17p. By comparison, in the WNT group of MBs only one core proteasome subunit, β6, associated with loss of a gene (PSMB1) on chromosome 6, was down-regulated in this dataset. The MB subgroups with the worst prognosis have a significant association with chromosome 17 abnormalities and irregularities of APC/C cyclosome genes. We conclude that the expression of proteasome subunit genes and genes for ubiquitin ligases can contribute to prognostic classification of MBs. The therapeutic value of targeting proteasome subunits and ubiquitin ligases in the various subgroups of MB remains to be determined separately for each classification of MB.     

On the excretion of 17-ketosteroids in guinea pigs

Zusammenfassung Im Harn von weiblichen Meerschweinchen wurde im Gegensatz zu männlichen Tieren Epiandrosteron als Haupt-17-Ketosteroid nachgewiesen.Untersuchungen über die 17-Ketosteroidkonjugate im Harn von weiblichen Meerschweinchen ergaben, dass ein grosser Teil (30–40%) als freie Steroide nachweisbar ist. 40–50% liegen als Schwefelsäurekonjugate und 3–6% wahrscheinlich als Glucuronide vor. Bei den konjugierten 17-Ketosteroiden handelt es sich vornehmlich um 11-oxygenierte Steroide.     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17β-Hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from methyl 3-oxo-4-etienate, the authors prepared 17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one and 11-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one. Chlorination of 17-acetoxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one yielded 4-chloro-17-acetoxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one. 17-Hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one was obtained from 17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, both by chemical and biological methods.     

Influence of isoniazid and p-aminosalicyc acid on plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in guinea pigs

Zusammenfassung Bei zehntägiger Verabreichung von 1 g PAS/kg oder 100 mg INH/kg peroral kommt es bei Meerschweinchen zu einer signifikanten Steigerung der 17-Hydroxy-corticosteroide. Eine ausgeprägte restimulierende Wirkung wurde im Fall von INH beobachtet. Der Unterschied fiel besonders am fünften Tag auf, wobei nach INH-Gabe die Steigerung zirkulierender Corticosteroide im Vergleich zur PAS verdoppelt war.     

Metabolism-weight relationship in 17 humming-bird species at different temperatures during day and night

Summary The mean metabolic rate during day and night of 17 different humming-bird species is considerably higher than the expected value for nonpasserine birds. The weight-metabolism regression exponent for the night-time is in the same range as that reported for other avian orders (and mammals); 0.73.