广角镜头桶形畸变的多项式修正方法

为了修正广角镜头的桶形畸变,提出了一种基于多项式的修正方法,该方法首先用模板对广角镜头进行相对标定,然后用四次多项式拟合桶形畸变规律,最后根据拟合多项式对变形图像进行恢复。对于固定焦距视觉系统,在不考虑视觉系统具体参数的情况下,新的方法能够快速有效地对广角镜头桶形畸变进行修正。该方法在实验中表现出了良好的效果。     

Calcineurin is required to release Xenopus egg extracts from meiotic M phase

Fertilization induces a transient increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in animal eggs that releases them from cell cycle arrest in the second meiotic metaphase. In frog eggs, Ca2+ activates Ca2+/calmodulin-activated kinase, which inactivates cytostatic factor, allowing the anaphase-promoting factor to turn on and ubiquitinate cyclins and securin, which returns the cell cycle to interphase. Here we show that the calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin is also important in this process. Calcineurin is transiently activated after adding Ca2+ to egg extracts, and inhibitors of calcineurin such as cyclosporin A (ref. 8) delay the destruction of cyclins, the global dephosphorylation of M-phase-specific phosphoproteins and the re-formation of a fully functional nuclear envelope. We found that a second wave of phosphatase activity directed at mitotic phosphoproteins appears after the spike of calcineurin activity. This activity disappeared the next time the extract entered M phase and reappeared at the end of mitosis. We surmise that inhibition of this second phosphatase activity is important in allowing cells to enter mitosis, and, conversely, that its activation is required for a timely return to interphase. Calcineurin is required to break the deep cell cycle arrest imposed by the Mos-MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase pathway, and we show that Fizzy/Cdc20, a key regulator of the anaphase-promoting factor, is an excellent substrate for this phosphatase.     

The Ph1 locus is needed to ensure specific somatic and meiotic centromere association

The correct pairing and segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is essential for genetic stability and subsequent fertility. This is more difficult to achieve in polyploid species, such as wheat, because they possess more than one diploid set of similar chromosomes. In wheat, the Ph1 locus ensures correct homologue pairing and recombination. Although clustering of telomeres into a bouquet early in meiosis has been suggested to facilitate homologue pairing, centromeres associate in pairs in polyploid cereals early during floral development. We can now extend this observation to root development. Here we show that the Ph1 locus acts both meiotically and somatically by reducing non-homologous centromere associations. This has the effect of promoting true homologous association when centromeres are induced to associate. In fact, non-homologously associated centromeres separate at the beginning of meiosis in the presence, but not the absence, of Ph1. This permits the correction of homologue association during the telomere-bouquet stage in meiosis. We conclude that the Ph1 locus is not responsible for the induction of centromere association, but rather for its specificity.     

Corneal avascularity is due to soluble VEGF receptor-1

Corneal avascularity-the absence of blood vessels in the cornea-is required for optical clarity and optimal vision, and has led to the cornea being widely used for validating pro- and anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies for many disorders. But the molecular underpinnings of the avascular phenotype have until now remained obscure and are all the more remarkable given the presence in the cornea of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, and the proximity of the cornea to vascularized tissues. Here we show that the cornea expresses soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1; also known as sflt-1) and that suppression of this endogenous VEGF-A trap by neutralizing antibodies, RNA interference or Cre-lox-mediated gene disruption abolishes corneal avascularity in mice. The spontaneously vascularized corneas of corn1 and Pax6+/- mice and Pax6+/- patients with aniridia are deficient in sflt-1, and recombinant sflt-1 administration restores corneal avascularity in corn1 and Pax6+/- mice. Manatees, the only known creatures uniformly to have vascularized corneas, do not express sflt-1, whereas the avascular corneas of dugongs, also members of the order Sirenia, elephants, the closest extant terrestrial phylogenetic relatives of manatees, and other marine mammals (dolphins and whales) contain sflt-1, indicating that it has a crucial, evolutionarily conserved role. The recognition that sflt-1 is essential for preserving the avascular ambit of the cornea can rationally guide its use as a platform for angiogenic modulators, supports its use in treating neovascular diseases, and might provide insight into the immunological privilege of the cornea.     

Competence to replicate in the unfertilized egg is conferred by Cdc6 during meiotic maturation

Meiotic maturation, the final step of oogenesis, is a crucial stage of development in which an immature oocyte becomes a fertilizable egg. In Xenopus, the ability to replicate DNA is acquired during maturation at breakdown of the nuclear envelope by translation of a DNA synthesis inducer that is not present in the oocyte. Here we identify Cdc6, which is essential for recruiting the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase to the pre-replication complex, as this inducer of DNA synthesis. We show that maternal cdc6 mRNA but not protein is stored in the oocyte. Cdc6 protein is synthesized during maturation, but this process can be blocked by degrading the maternal cdc6 mRNA by oligonucleotide antisense injections or by translation inhibition. Rescue experiments using recombinant Cdc6 protein show that Cdc6 is the only missing replication factor whose translation is necessary and sufficient to confer DNA replication competence to the egg before fertilization. The licence to replicate is given by Cdc6 at the end of meiosis I, but the cytostatic factor (CSF) pathway, which maintains large amounts of active Cdc2/Cyclin B2, prevents the entry into S phase until fertilization.     

Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus neoformans is a globally distributed human fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. It has a defined sexual cycle involving haploid cells of alpha and a mating types, yet the vast majority of environmental and clinical isolates are alpha (ref. 3). Sexual recombination is normally expected to occur between isolates of opposite mating type in organisms with two mating types (or sexes). How sexual reproductive potential can be maintained in an organism with a largely unisexual, nearly clonal population genetic structure is unknown. One clue, however, is that alpha strains undergo fruiting, a process that resembles sexual mating but is thought to be strictly mitotic and asexual. We report here that hallmarks of mating occur during fruiting, including diploidization and meiosis. Pheromone response pathway elements and the key meiotic regulator Dmc1 are required for efficient fruiting. Furthermore, fusion and meiosis can occur between non-isogenic alpha strains, enabling genetic exchange. These studies reveal how sexual reproduction can occur between partners of the same mating type. These findings have implications for the evolution of microbial pathogens, as well as for parthenogenesis, cell fusion events and transitions between self-fertilizing and outcrossing modes of reproduction observed in both fungi and other kingdoms.     

Sympathetic regulation of cardiac calcium current is due exclusively to cAMP-dependent phosphorylation.

The positive inotropic effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart is partly mediated by an increase in the voltage-gated Ca2+ current (ICa). This increase is generally attributed to beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of the Ca2+ channel. It has been suggested that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation cannot explain all the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on ICa and that a parallel membrane-delimited pathway involving the 'direct' action of the G protein Gs also stimulates ICa. A precedent exists for such a membrane-delimited pathway in the activation of a K+ channel by acetylcholine in heart. A membrane-delimited pathway for stimulation of ICa might be important in rapid beat-to-beat regulation of contraction by the sympathetic nervous system, because isoproterenol may produce a biphasic increase in ICa with the rapid phase (tau = 150 ms) putatively mediated by the direct pathway and the slow phase (tau = 35 s) by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. Here we report that in frog, rat, and guinea pig ventricular myocytes ICa increases slowly and monophasically in response to isoproterenol. The increase is completely blocked by inhibitors of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. Furthermore, the time course of the increase in ICa closely parallels the increase in contractile force produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation. These data refute earlier suggestions that regulation of Ca2+ channels by the sympathetic nervous system involves or requires a direct G-protein pathway.     

有耗传输干扰问题的一种分析方法

把传输线内的损耗用一个电路模型等效表示,用有限差分法分析传输线之间的电磁干扰,模拟结果与传统方法得到的类似.     

接管弯矩作用下补强圈与容器壳体间的接触特性

采用非线性有限元模拟了壳体和补强圈的接触行为,通过对接触行为的控制来改善收敛;考察了接触变形和接触压力,指出接触的发生具有局部性;提出一种“试算法”来确定刚度因子,同时对补强圈与容器间的间隙变化对接触的影响也做了探讨。     

DRM在广播节目传输中的应用

通过介绍西藏小功率中波、调频转播台在改善覆盖效果,提高边远地区综合覆盖率的特殊作用,并分析了其节目源单一依赖卫星的弊端.对DRM广播抗干扰、抗多径效应等的机理进行研究,提出对大功率发射台大功率中短波发射机进行DRM广播改造,用于节目源信号的传输,研究结果表明:DRM广播作为小功率中波、调频转播台的备用节目传输通路,成本低、可靠性高、易于实现.     

甲烷与水分子氢键相互作用的理论研究

使用Gaussioan94程序包，在B3LYP／6—311G**基组水平上，对甲烷(CH4)与水分子(H2O)之间的所有相互作用方式进行优化．通过电子布居分析，发现在电子给予体O原子和电子接受体H原子间存在氢键，氢键的键长约为0．2574nm．振动模式分析表明，只有一种加合物是稳定的，势能面也证实了这一点．     

平行板电极间缝隙电流变传动性能

介绍平行板电极间缝隙电流变传动的原理 ,研究其主要结构尺寸的设计 .同时 ,讨论平行板的结构尺寸、电流变液体的材料性能 ,以及运行参数与平行板电流变传动装置的传递力、粘性功率损失、传动效率之间的关系 .研究结果表明 ,机构传递力和粘性功率的损失与其间隙的平方成反比 ,粘性功率损失与两极间电压的平方成正比 ;而当极间电压较低时 ,传动效率随间隙的增大而急剧下降 .     

A meiotic gene conversion gradient opposite to the direction of transcription.

Genetic recombination involves classical crossing-over and gene conversion (aberrant segregation). In fungi that produce an ascus containing four spores, a gene conversion event is manifested as 3:1 or 1:3 (or more rarely 4:0 or 0:4) segregations, in contrast to the normal mendelian 2:2 segregation. Polarity is one of the properties of gene conversion; in almost all cases the frequency of conversion exhibits a gradient across the gene monitored. The frequency of conversion is usually independent of the specific allele used as a marker, but dependent on its location. An interpretation of conversion polarity is that it is caused by the existence of specific initiation sites for meiotic recombination, located at the high end of the polarity gradient. Here we show that the polarity gradient for the HIS2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is high at the 3' end of the gene, implying that the promoter of HIS2 is not the initiation site.     

滑坡物理模拟畸变修正方法研究及应用

由于相似理论中的相似系数无法完全得到满足,滑坡物理模拟试验采集的位移、土压力、孔隙水压力等试验数据与现实情况存在偏差,即为产生了畸变.介绍了畸变产生的原因及修正的方法,并结合工程实例,采用数值分析的修正方法,对三峡四方碑滑坡物理模拟试验进行了畸变修正,经过试验数据、修正数据和滑坡现场监测数据的分析对比,证明了经畸变修正后的模型计算数据更接近现场实际监测数据,更能反映滑坡真实情况.证明了畸变修正理论的可行性及畸变修正理论对滑坡物理模拟试验的重要性.     

试析同指选择与信息传递之间的关系

本文讨论现代汉语篇章中名词性词语的同指选择问题，探讨信息传递对同指选择的制约关系。说话人进行同指选择，与信息传递的需要有密切的联系。为适应信息传递的经济原则，简略前指词语的语言形式和语义内涵来表达同指；为强化重要的信息，添加部分词语来表达同指；为丰富信息量，交替使用不同的词语来表达同指。     

自由轮在轿车自动变速器上的应用分析

利用杠杆法分析自由轮换档过程,得出自由轮在自动变速器中的应用型式和通用布置方案,并指出自由轮应用的优缺点。     

Antilocalization sensing of interactions between two-dimensional electrons and surface species

We apply antilocalization measurements to experimentally study the interactions and exchange between InAs surface accumulation electrons and local magnetic moments of the rare earth ions Sm3?,Gd3?,Ho3?,and Dy3?,of the transition metal ions Ni2?,Co2?,and Fe3?,and of Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine deposited on the surface.The influence of the deposited species on the surface electrons is observed through the changes in the spin–orbit scattering and magnetic spin-flip scattering rates,which carry information about magnetic interactions.Experiments indicate a temperature-dependent magnetic spin-flip scattering for Ho3?,Dy3?,Ni2?,and Co2?.Concerning the spin–orbit scattering rate,we observe an increase,except for the cases of Ni2?,Fe3?,Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine.We also observe an increase in SO scattering in another system where we study the interactions of Au nanoparticles and ferromagnetic Co0.6Fe0.4nanopillars and an In0.53Ga0.47As quantum well.Experimental results are analyzed and compared to theoretical models.Our method provides a controlled way to probe the quantum properties of two-dimensional electron systems,either on the surface of InAs or in a quantum well.     

输变电设施对环境产生的影响

系统介绍了输变电设施对环境产生的影响,并针对该问题提出了具体的解决对策.