基于随机有限元的拱坝坝肩稳定可靠度分析

以有限元和可靠度理论为基础,提出了应用于拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定分析的随机有限元基本思路.通过与可靠度理论相结合,考虑变量的随机特性,建立荷载效应与基本随机变量之间的关系.在随机有限元的基础上进行拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定的可靠度分析,计算出相应的可靠指标.对一实际工程进行计算和分析,验证随机有限元方法在拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定分析中的应用.     

用几何法求构件的可靠指标

本文所介绍的计算结构可靠指标的几何法既适用于随机变量为正态分布、对数正态分布及极值Ⅰ型等分布情况,也适用于基本随机变量相关的情况.该法将各种分布的随机变量转化成标准正态变量,然后用迭代法求解.几何法与过去常用求可靠指标的一次二阶矩法相比,具有迭代次数少、收敛快、精度高的优点,并在计算出可靠指标的同时,求出设计验算点值.当进一步研究随机有限元和结构系统的可靠度时,需对结构反复进行分析,有时需多次求可靠指标,这时,用几何法求解将更合适.     

随机变量对土钉墙抗外部稳定可靠性的影响分析

基坑支护结构的稳定性问题具有较强的随机不确定性,传统的安全系数法是一种确值设计法;由于未考虑参数的变异性而具有很大的局限性。结构可靠度理论以承认结构有失稳的可能性为前提,并以失稳概率度量结构的可靠性,相比较而言能够更为科学、客观地反映工程的随机性特质。通过对土钉墙抗整体滑移和倾覆稳定性问题的研究,建立了可靠度分析相应的功能函数;并结合一工程实例采用JC法计算了相应的可靠指标。针对其抗整体滑移这一控制性失稳模式,研究了随机变量概率分布类型、随机变量的均值、变异系数等对可靠指标的影响,总结了相关规律和结论,可以为类似基坑支护工程实践提供一定的理论参考依据。     

考虑随机参数的框架剪力墙结构抗震可靠度分析

基于随机函数的降维思想,分别建立了全非平稳地震动概率模型与随机参数结构模型,实现了随机地震动作用下随机参数结构的抗震可靠度分析.首先,应用谱表示随机函数方法,将全非平稳地震动过程表达为仅含一个基本随机变量的随机函数形式.其次,将随机函数思想引入到具有随机参数的结构中,实现了仅用一个基本随机变量来表达随机参数结构的目的.最后,以层间位移角为评价指标,结合概率密度演化理论,计算随机地震动作用下随机参数结构的抗震可靠度.研究表明,仅需两个基本随机变量即可表达随机动力系统的随机性,从而降低了复杂随机参数结构抗震可靠度分析的难度.     

结构可靠度分析的优化算法

根据结构可靠指标的几何意义，建立了正态随机变量和非正态随机变量下的结构可靠度计算的优化模型，并利用已有的优化方法对其求解方法进行了研究。本文的方法无需对非线性功能函数作线性化近似处理，从而提高了结构可靠度的计算精度，扩大了其适用范围，为结构可靠度分析提供了一种新的思路。     

基于双判据失效准则的结构可靠度计算方法

根据结构可靠指标的几何意义,建立了基于R6双判据失效准则下正态随机变量和非正态随机变量的结构可靠度计算的优化模型,并利用基于最优化原理的Monte Carlo法对其求解,无需对非线性功能函数作线性化近似处理,也减少了迭代次数,在概率断裂失效判据上进行改进,从而提高了结构可靠度的计算精度,扩大了其适用范围,为结构可靠度分析提供了一种思路.     

结构可靠度的粒子群优化算法

根据可靠指标的几何意义,建立任意随机变量下结构可靠指标的优化模型,首次将粒子群优化算法 (PSO)引入到工程结构可靠度分析中．与传统算法比较,分析了PSO解决可靠指标优化模型的优点所在,并 以具体的工程为例研究PSO解决可靠指标优化模型的收敛过程．结果表明采用PSO具有很强的适用性,提 高了结构可靠度的计算效率．     

影响混凝土构件可靠度的因素及相关性分析

基于可靠度与随机变量的极值理论,结合混凝土结构设计规范的要求,建立了混凝土受弯构件正常使用情况下裂缝宽度和挠度的极限状态方程;根据工程设计实际情况确立了影响可靠度指标的相关独立变量;采用自行编制的Matlab程序,对受弯构件正常使用情况下裂缝宽度和挠度的可靠度指标及其影响因素敏感性进行了计算与分析.结果表明,计算模式的不确定性系数和混凝土强度对可靠度的影响显著,同一构件挠度的计算可靠度指标比最大裂缝宽度的计算可靠度指标高.     

考虑挠度影响的钢筋混凝土楼板可靠度分析

依据一次二阶矩可靠度计算理论,基于规范中钢筋混凝土构件挠度极限状态下的功能函数,利用Matlab编程实现考虑挠度影响的钢筋混凝土楼板可靠度分析及可靠指标验算.通过具体计算实例,分析各随机变量对挠度可靠指标灵敏性的影响.数值结果表明:楼层有效高度、混凝土强度、楼板有效计算跨度以及荷载效应比对可靠指标和灵敏度有不同程度的影响.     

基于弹性模量缩减法研究结构体系可靠度

针对现有体系可靠度理论的两大难点,基于塑性极限分析理论研究建立了体系可靠度分析的弹性模量缩减法:首先以单元的可靠指标为控制参数,定义结构的可靠指标均匀度和基准可靠指标,并建立新型的弹性模量调整策略;进而通过系统地缩减各单元的弹性模量,以模拟结构的可靠指标重分布和失效状态转移,通过一系列弹性有限元迭代分析确定结构体系的失效概率.该方法从根本上回避了现有体系可靠度理论的两大难点,避免了繁琐的失效模式分析和多模式联合失效概率的相关性分析.算例分析表明,该方法不仅适用于静定结构,而且适用于超静定结构,计算格式简单,计算精度较高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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