高温胁迫下藓类植物游离脯氨酸含量的变化

对于高温胁迫条件下湿地匍灯藓( Plagiomnium acutum)和大羽藓(Thuidium c ymbi f olium)体内游离脯氨酸积累及其与处理时间和处理温度的关系进行了初步的研究.结果显示,高温胁迫与水分和渗透胁迫一样能够诱导植物体内游离脯氨酸的积累.在一定的高温胁迫强度范围内, 游离脯氨酸含量随处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长而增加; 两种藓类植物中游离脯氨酸含量变化与处理温度的关系是一“S”形曲线, 当温度从 35
升高到 50
时,游离脯氨酸含量增加了近 3倍.     

PEG处理下葡萄试管苗脯氨酸及内源ABA含量变化的研究

用不同浓度的PEG处理全球红葡萄生根试管苗，造成一定程度的水分亏缺，观察葡萄试管苗在水分胁迫下的生理反应。结果表明：PEG处理导致葡萄试管苗脯氨酸的积累和内源ABA的迅速增加。6％PEG胁迫处理66h时脯氨酸含量达到高峰，72h又有所下降；而3％PEG胁迫处理脯氨酸含量仍保持持续上升趋势。内源ABA在12h内达到第一个峰值，含量为对照的两倍多，并维持比对照略高的水平；而6％PEG胁迫处理植株在48h时ABA再次积累，含量比对照高100多倍。     

水分和盐胁迫对几种禾本科作物幼苗体内脯氨酸含量的影响

本文对不同种类的作物及同一作物的不同品种,在水分和盐胁迫条件下,作物体中脯氨酸含量的变化进行了研究。在水分胁迫下,不同品种的小麦幼苗及谷子幼苗中游离脯氨酸含量明显的增高,随着胁迫时间的延长,游离脯氨酸含量成十倍或几十倍地增加。不同品种的小麦及谷子幼苗,游离脯氨酸的积累速率不同。浇水解除干旱后,小麦及谷子幼苗中脯氨酸的含量却明显降低。用不同浓度的Nacl溶液培养生长六天的小麦、玉米幼苗,脯氨酸的积累量均较双蒸水培养的多,但随着溶液中Nacl浓度的增高,脯氨酸的积累量也增加,这表明小麦、玉米幼苗中脯氨酸的含量与溶液的盐浓度有密切关系。解除盐胁迫后(盐溶液换成重蒸水培养)脯氨酸含量明显下降。在盐胁迫下,地上部分脯氨酸积累最大于地下部分。     

表油菜素内酯对小麦幼苗抗冷性的影响

小麦幼苗在低温逆境时，ｅｐｉ—ＢＲ能有效地降低相对电导率和含水量，维持较高的ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性，减少ＭＤＡ的积累。ｅｐｉ—ＢＲ处理还能在低温胁迫下促进脯氨酸成倍累积。同时，ｅｐｉ—ＢＲ能促进小麦幼苗在４℃和２５℃的仲长生长和干物质的累积．但ｅｐｉ—ＢＲ却使小麦幼苗叶绿素含量降低．     

热胁迫下菜心脯氨酸含量变化及其在耐热中的作用*

在 35℃热胁迫下 ,菜心子叶期幼苗、组织培养再生苗和愈伤组织内游离脯氨酸含量迅速出现积累 ,子叶期幼苗和愈伤组织内脯氨酸含量比对照 ( 2 5℃ )高 2 - 3倍 ,耐热的四九菜心品种内的脯氨酸含量高于较不耐热的六十天特青 .在培养基中加入 1mg·l- 1脯氨酸 ,可降低愈伤组织细胞在热胁迫下的相对电解质渗出率 ,减轻褐变 ,延缓衰老 ,促进鲜重的增加 .外源脯氨酸促进热胁迫下愈伤组织细胞POD、CAT和SOD酶活性保持较高水平 ,增强耐热性     

低温胁迫对烟草保护性酶类及氮和碳化合物的影响

在6℃和10℃低温胁迫下,研究了2个烟草品种的膜透性、保护性酶类活性和N,C化合物含量的变化.结果表明:2个烟草品种幼苗的膜透性都随着胁迫温度的降低和胁迫时间的增加而增加;酶活性的变化趋势为:CAT和SOD随着胁迫温度的降低和胁迫时间的增加而降低,POD的变化则有相反的趋势;蛋白质含量在低温胁迫下下降,脯氨酸含量则增加,并且脯氨酸在叶片中的变化较为剧烈;可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量低温胁迫下在叶片中有所积累,而叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量则可能因叶绿体受损而下降.     

渗透胁迫对杂交稻“冀粳七号”及其亲本幼苗的影响——游离脯氨酸积累和电导率的变化分析

在相同的渗透胁迫(-10bar)条件下,秦选1号游离脯氨酸在幼苗体内的净积累在32小时为对照的8.4倍,冀粳7号为6倍。32小时后,秦选1号和冀粳7号的脯氨酸净积累迅速降低。京系6号游离脯氨酸净积累缓慢。受渗透胁迫48小时,净积累量仅为对照的4.1倍,且末见下降。受渗透胁迫后,三个品种的相对电导率都上升。秦选1号和冀粳7号分别在12小时和24小时达到高峰。以后即开始下降。48小时后接近正常水平。京系6号受渗透胁迫后,电导率增加较慢,48小时后继续上升。结果似乎表明游离脯氨酸积累与膜透性的修复有关。     

高粱3853-1与高粱3801-2生理指标及抗性分析

在正常及低温胁迫条件下,对高粱3853—1与高粱3801—2苗期超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、丙二醛（MDA）等指标进行了测定与分析,结果表明：在正常生长环境下,高粱3853—1的SOD与CAT的活性以及游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量均大于高粱3801-2,MDA的含量低于高粱3801—2;在低温胁迫下,高粱3853—1与高粱3801—2叶片中MDA的含量增高．其余4项指标都比正常环境下低;高粱3853-1叶片中SOD与CAT的活性、可溶性糖及游离脯氨酸的含量均高于高粱3801—2;与高粱3801—2相比较,高粱3853—1有较强的抗性．     

高效唑浸种对小麦幼苗抗低温胁迫能力的影响

高效唑浸种明显提高小麦幼苗抗低温胁迫能力，使麦苗在低温下生长受阻减轻；叶片电解质渗漏率降低；叶鲜重和叶绿素含量下降延缓；膜脂过氧化产物——丙二醛含量及脯氨酸积累显著减少．低温下５ｄ，对照组叶绿体超微结构严重受损，而处理组中未受破坏因此，高效唑浸种对提高小麦幼苗的抗低温胁迫能力有积极作用．     

低温胁迫对扁蓿豆的脯氨酸含量和POD、SOD酶活性的影响

在不同的低温条件下(15℃,0℃,-10℃,-15℃),以扁蓿豆(盐池扁蓿豆、青藏扁蓿豆、内蒙古直立型扁蓿豆、青海匍匐型扁蓿豆和吉林扁蓿豆)5个品种为材料,研究了扁蓿豆幼苗叶片内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸含量的变化规律。结果表明:随着低温胁迫的加强,5个品种扁蓿豆幼苗叶片内SOD、POD酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,酶活性下降后仍能维持高于对照的酶活性水平;游离脯氨酸绝对含量逐渐增加,从而证明扁蓿豆是通过维持较高水平的SOD、POD酶活性和提高脯氨酸绝对含量等保护机制来适应低温胁迫,减轻低温伤害,通过比较表明青藏扁蓿豆和盐池扁蓿豆的抗寒性较强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with