The effect of glycine on serum luteinizing hormone in adult female rats

Summary The response of serum luteinizing hormone to glycine has been studied during the estrous cycle in adult female rats. I.p. administration of 200 mg of glycine significantly elevated serum luteinizing hormone levels at all stages of the estrous cycle.The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr A.F. Parlow, NIAMDD Rat Pituitary Hormone Program, for the kind supply of radioimmunoassay kits.     

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal function in the rat following administration of the novel and selective D-1 agonist CY 208-243

The effects of the novel and selective dopamine D-1 agonist CY 208-243 on the rat hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal (HHG) axis were studied. CY 208-243 did not modify the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum from female or male rats, and had no effect upon opiate antagonist-induced stimulation of LH secretion in male rats. CY 208-243 did not inhibit ovulation in cycling female rats. Thus, D-1 receptor activation by systemic drug administration does not alter HHG function in rats.     

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal function in the rat following administration of the novel and selective D-1 agonist CY 208-243

Summary The effects of the novel and selective dopamine D-1 agonist CY 208-243 on the rat hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal (HHG) axis were studied. CY 208-243 did not modify the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum from female or male rats, and had no effect upon opiate antagonist-induced stimulation of LH secretion in male rats. CY 208-243 did not inhibit ovulation in cycling female rats. Thus, D-1 receptor activation by systemic drug administration does not alter HHG function in rats.     

The effect of glycine on serum luteinizing hormone in adult female rats

The response of serum luteinizing hormone to glycine has been studied during the estrous cycle in adult female rats. I.p. administration of 200 mg of glycine significantly elevated serum luteinizing hormone levels at all stages of the estrous cycle.     

解聚复肾宁对糖尿病肾病大鼠TNF—OL、MCP-1的影响

目的观察解聚复肾宁（Jiejufushenning,JJFSN）对糖尿病（Diabetes mellitus,DM）大鼠肾组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumorneerosisfactor-alpha,TNF-α）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1）和血清TNF-α的影响,探讨其肾保护作用机制。方法腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（Streptozotocin,STZ）建立SD大鼠DM模型,将成模DM大鼠随机分为3组：DM模型组（B组）、JJFSN组（C组）、厄贝沙坦（Irbesartan）组（D组）,另设正常对照组（A组）。采用相应干预措施处理12周。常规方法测定12周末各组大鼠空腹血糖（FBG）、血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、肾重／体重（KW／BW）、24h尿蛋白（24huFro）;放免法测血清TNF-α含量：免疫组织化学方法测肾组织TNF—Ot、MCP-1的表达;PAS染色评估细胞外基质;电镜观察肾组织超微结构改变。结果与A组相比．B组大鼠FBG、BUN、Scr、KW／BW、24huPro及血清TNF-α升高（P〈0．05）,肾组织TNF—Ot、MCP-1表达明显增高（P〈0．05）;肾组织超微结构明显异常;C组和D组上述指标显著改善（P〈0．05）,肾组织超微结构异常改善。结论竹FSN能延缓DM大鼠肾损害进程,其机制可能与抑制TNF-α、MCP-1上调有关。     

Effect of diabetes on the vertebral column of rats and its modification by estradiol

Summary In vertebrae of genetically selected sucrose-fed diabetic rats a statistically significant bone deficit was found after diabetes had been present for about 8 months. No osteopenia was observed in diabetic rats following treatment with estrogenic hormone for 5–7 months. The development of osseous centers in the end plates of the vertebrae was retarded in diabetic rats, but was about normal in diabetic rats given estrogen.—No differences were noted in the growth zones or in the tendency to develop articular lesions in rats of the various groups. Possible differences in the amount of GAG in intervertebral discs of diabetic and non-diabetic rats respectively await further confirmation.These investigations were aided by grant No. 2 RO1 EYO 1837-03, of the Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.We are indebted to Professor Dr J. Rüttner, Institute of Pathology, University of Zürich, for his permission to use the calculator.     

Neuroendocrine effects of a non-steroidal compound of testicular origin

Summary The effects of the compound (+)-1,4-diphenylbutane-2,3-diol (DPB, synthetized in the testes) on gonadotropin secretion have been studied in castrated male rats. DPB, when injected subcutaneously, does not modify serum levels of LH and FSH. On the contrary, the local implantation of DPB in the median eminence of the hypothalamus results in a significant elevation of serum FSH. It is suggested that DPB may play a physiological role in the control of FSH release.This work has been supported by grants of the Ford Foundation, New York, and of the CNR, Biology of Reproduction Program, Rome. Kits for LH and FSH radioimmunoassay have been kindly provided by the Rat Pituitary Hormone Distribution Program of the National Institutes of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Diphenylbutane was a kind gift of Dr R. Neher of the Ciba-Geigy Laboratories, Basel, to Dr Iturriza. Thanks are also due to Mrs Paola Assi Brunone for her skilful technical assistance.     

Effects of thyroidectomy and thyroxine replacement on the responsiveness of the anterior pituitaries from male rats to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in vitro

Summary Thyroidectomy decreased prolactin concentrations in the anterior pituitary (AP) and serum of the male rat. The amount of basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated release of prolactin by AP in vitro was lower in thyroidectomized (Tx) rats than in sham Tx rats. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of thyroidectomy on pituitary and serum prolactin in male rats are mediated in part by the reduction of the production and spontaneous release of prolactin and the responsiveness of prolactin to TRH.     

HCG-insensitivity of the postnatal rat ovary is due to the lack of a specific receptor

Summary Rat ovary is insensitive to luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin till to the 8th to 10th day of postnatal development. This insensitivity is due to the lack of a specific hormone receptor.This work was supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 46). Purified HCG was a gift of Schering AG, Berlin-West. We thank Dr F. Peters for performing the iodination of HCG.     

Circadian variation of the streptozotocin-diabetogenic effect in mice

Summary Streptozotocin was injected in normal mice every 4h, during the day. Greatest number of diabetic animals were obtained at 16.00 h (95%) and lowest at 08.00 h (50%). Magnitude of hyperglycemia also showed similar distribution. This effect might be considered when planning its use for both experimental and clinical purposes.This work was done with funds provided by Conicet, Secyt and Cediquifa.Thanks are due to Dr W. E. Dulin for kindly provision of SZ and Mrs E. E. Gagliardino for technical assistance.     

Renin in mouse but not in rat submandibular glands

Summary Renin was found in the submandibular glands of male Quackenbush mice in concentrations higher than has been reported for any tissue of any strain or species. However, no renin-like activity could be detected in glands from male and female Wistar rats using either pH 5.8 or 7.4 for assay and a radioimmunoassay specific for renin's reaction product, angiotensin I. Rabbit submandibular glands contained renin.We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr E. Hackenthal for his suggestions. This study was supported by the National Heath and Medical Research Council of Australia.     

Reproductive consequences of mega vitamin E supplements in female rats

Summary Female rats fed 0, 25, 2500 and 10,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet for 3 months were examined for reproductive performance. On 10,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet, the fertility of inseminated rats was significantly reduced as compared to rats given normal or nutritional levels of vitamin E.This work was supported by research grants from the National Research Council of Canada and the Research Committee of The University of British Columbia. We thank Mrs Virginia Green for her help in statistical analysis. Reprint requests should be addressed to Dr I. D. Desai, Professor of Nutrition.     

Lasting effects of acute dehydration and post-weaning undernourishment on cortical spreading depression in adult rats

Summary Acute dehydration (D) early in life made adult rats less susceptible to cortical spreading depression (SD) than control (C) rats. Post weaning undernourished (U) rats tended to be more susceptible than controls. The association of D and U (DU group) made rats more susceptible to SD than U-rats. It is suggested that this association gives rise to a more complex pathological state than that which would result from the summation of the effects of its components.This work was supported by the Brazilian agencies CNPq and CAPES and by the Federal University of Pernambuco. The suggestions of Dr. T. P. Hicks, which contributed to improve the English text, are very much appreciated.     

解聚复肾宁对糖尿病大鼠肾脏HGF表达的影响

目的观察解聚复肾宁（JJFSN）对糖尿病大鼠肾HGF表达的影响及肾保护作用。方法SD大鼠腹腔注射链尿佐菌素法建立糖尿病模型,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、解聚复肾宁治疗组、依那普利治疗组、JJFSN＋依那普利治疗组。12周后,检测各组空腹血糖（FBG）、尿素（BU）、24h尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、肌酐清除率（Ccr）;免疫组化法检测肾组织HGF表达,放射免疫法测定大鼠血清胰岛素（Ins）含量,透射电镜观察肾脏超微结构。结果与模型组比较,各治疗组大鼠FBG、BU、β2-MG明显降低,Ccr明显升高,血清Ins含量增加,肾组织HGF表达明显上调,肾组织病理变化减轻,其中以J＋Y组改善最显著（P〈0．05）。结论JJFSN对DM大鼠肾脏形态争功能有明显保护作用,其机制可能与其上调肾脏HGF表达、保护胰岛β细胞、延缓肾脏纤维化进程有关。     

Plasma thyrotrophin concentration in the foetal calf

Résumé On a mesuré le taux de thyrotrophine (TSH), thyroxine et cortisol dans le plasma du foetus du veau pendant les 18 jours précédant la naissance. La diminution du TSH a précédé de 6 jours et s'est poursuivie en même temps que celle du taux de thyroxine.

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We are grateful to the Medical Research Council and the Milk Marketing Board for financial support.

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The TSH preparation used for iodination in these studies was kindly provided by Dr.J. Pierce, and the antiserum to Pierce bovine TSH was provided by Dr.G. D. Thorburn. Synacthen was kindly provided by Dr.D. M. Burley, CIBA Laboratories, Horsham, Sussex and Efcortelan by Dr.E. S. Snell, Glaxo Laboratories, Middx.     

Effects of Freund's complete adjuvant on the dirunal rhythms of neuroendocrine processes and ornithine decarboxylase activity in various tissues of male rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) on the diurnal rhythms of hormonal parameters in serum and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in various tissues of male rats. On days 1–2 after FCA, increase of ODC activity (used to evaluate the level of activation) was observed in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, liver and lymphoid tissues, while the ODC activity in the kidney was reduced. This was accompanied by an increase in serum corticosterone. On days 3–4 after FCA, ODC activity remained elevated in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues, while the ODC activity in the testes and panceas was reduced; kidney ODC activity returned to baseline. This was associated with increased serum levels of prolactin (Prl) and luteinizing hormone, but decreased growth hormone, testosterone and insulin. The increase in ODC activity in the thymus, as well as the reduced ODC activity in the testes and kidney, can be obtained with paraffin. Furthermore, bromocryptine microcapsules (CBLA) reduced the FCA-induced increase of ODC activity in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues (days 3–4) but did not affect the changes in other tissues. The increase in ODC activity in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues is specific for FCA. A role for Prl in the induction of ODC in liver and lymphoid tissues is suggested by the fact that CBLA suppresses this enhancement.     

Effects of repeated administration of potassium canrenoate (SC-14266) on serum gonadotrophin,prolactin, testosterone and progesterone in male rats

Summary Chronic administration of potassium canrenoate (SC-14266), a water-soluble anti-aldosterone agent, increased serum LH levels in male rats without altering serum levels of FSH, prolactin, testosterone and progesterone. The increase in serum LH may be due to the anti-androgenic effect of potassium canrenoate.Acknowledgments. The authors thank the Rat Pituitary Hormone Distribution Program, NIAMDD, NIH and Dr A.F. Parlow for radioimmunoassay materials.     

In vitro binding of citrinin to serum protein

Summary In vitro study shows that the mycotoxin citrinin binds to human serum albumin.Part of Ph. D. thesis, University of Madras, 1973.Acknowledgment is due to Dr E. R. B. Shanmugasundaram (University of Madras) and Dr J. Jayaraman (Madurai University) for kind guidance.     

Radioimmunoassay of an invertebrate peptide hormone — the crustacean neurosecretory hyperglycemic hormone

Summary Antibodies against hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) ofCarcinus were raised in rabbits by injection of extract from sinus glands which contain high concentrations of CHH. The antiserum neutralizes the biological activity of CHH and binds¹²⁵J-CHH. A RIA for CHH was established and was used to measure the hormone content of sinus glands.Dedicated to Prof. M. Gersch, Jena, on the occasion of his 70th birthday.This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ke 206/2).We thank S. Grabig. E. schmid and B. Reichwein for expert technical assistance, and Dr D. Breitig and G. Kegel for critical discussions.     

Gonadostatin and gonadocrinin, polypeptides of ovarian origin with hypophysiotropic activity]

Crude acetic acid extract of Rat ovaries pretreated with pregnant mare serum (PMSG) contains native peptides with two types of separable biological activities: one, molecular weight greater than 10,000 dalton inhibits the secretion of both LH and FSH as stimulated by luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) in a pituitary monolayer culture system and is referred to as gonadostatin; the other, less than 3,500 dalton, stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins and is designated as gonadocrinin. The biological activities of ovarian gonadocrinin can be competitively inhibited by an LRF-analog-antagonist, D-Phe2, D-Trp6-LRF. These ovarian peptides may participate in physiological control of pituitary LH/FSH secretion.