Effect of the polychlorinated biphenyl preparation, Aroclor 1242, on the quantity of neurosecretory material in the medulla terminalis X-organ of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator.

Exposure of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, to the PCB preparation, Aroclor 1242, produces an increase in the quantity of neurosecretory material in the medulla terminalis X-organ. This Aroclor apparently inhibits release, but not synthesis, of one or more neurohormones.     

Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine antibodies on pigment migration in the erythrophores of the fiddler crab,Uca pugilator: Further evidence for 5-hydroxytryptamine as a neurotransmitter that stimulates release of red pigment-dispersing hormone

Summary 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antibodies inhibit red pigment dispersion in the fiddler crab,Uca pugilator. This observation supports the hypothesis that 5-HT stimulates release of red pigment-dispersing hormone.The 5-HT antibody preparation was a generous gift from Dr S. Spector, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Nutley, New Jersey.     

Comparison of the effects of illumination on the melanophores of intact and eyestalkless fiddler crabs,Uca pugilator,and inhibition of the primary response by cytochalasin B

Summary Approximately 100 times more illumination is required to produce pigment dispersion in the melanophores of eyestalkless fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) than in the melanophores of intact crabs. The pigment in melanophores of isolated legs will normally disperse in response to irradiation, but this response is inhibited by cytochalasin B.This investigation was supported by a Faculty Research Grant from Western Kentucky University toT. P. Coohill and by Grant No. GB-27497 toM. Fingerman from the National Science Foundation.     

Comparison of the effects of illumination on the melanophores of intact and eyestalkless fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, and inhibition of the primary response by cytochalasin B.

Approximately 100 times more illumination is required to produce pigment dispersion in the melanophores of eyestalkless fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) than in the melanophores of intact crabs. The pigment in melanophores of isolated legs will normally disperse in response to irradiation, but this response is inhibited by cytochalasin B.     

Relative phase difference as an index of the quantity of the secretory material in the neurosecretory cell ofIphita limbata

Zusammenfassung Die sogenannte Phasenverzögerung in neurosekretorischen Zellen beim weiblichen KäferIphita limbata vor und nach der Eiabsonderung ist verschieden und wird als Index für die Quantität der neurosekretorischen Substanz betrachtet.     

Vital staining of neurosecretory material with acridine orange in the insect,Periplaneta americana

Résumé On expose une méthode rapide de la coloration vitale à l'acridine orange des produits de neurosécrétion dans le tissu nerveux des insectes. Irradiés avec la lumière bleue, tout les types connus de produits de neurosécrétions entrent en fluorescence en prenant une teinte métachromique rouge.

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I am indebted to Prof.B. Johnson for helpful suggestions and criticisms. This study was supported by a University of Tasmania Research Grant and the author has received financial support from I.C.I.A.N.Z. and University of Tasmania Post-Graduate Scholarships.     

Effect of water oxygenation on oxygen consumption and gill ventilation of the crab, Carcinus maenas (L.)]

At 15 degrees C, the oxygen uptake rate of Carcinus maenas was practically independent of the ambient oxygen pressure betueen 50 and 500 Torr. Within this range, hyperventilatory and hypoventilatory responses were observed in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions respectively whereas the oxygen extraction coefficient remained more or less constant.     

Neurosecretory system and storage of paraldehyde fuchsin positive neurosecretory material in the dorsal aorta in an earwig,Anisolabis annulipes Lucas (Dermaptera: Labiduridae)

Summary Each of the 2 groups of medial neurosecretory cells has 10–12 A and 2–3 B-cells. Each pars intercerebralis lateralis has 3–4 B-cells only. The 2 nervi corporis cardiaci I (NccI) join with the lateral wall of the aorta and Ncc II terminate in corpora cardiaca (Cc). Only 1 corpus allatum is present. The paraldehyde fuchsin positive neurosecretory material is stored in the dorsal aorta and not in the Cc which indicates the neurohaemal nature of the aorta.We are grateful to Prof. U.S. Srivastava for providing laboratory facilities and S.C.S.T. Uttar Pradesh for financial assistance.     

Effect of hypercapnia on the acid base states of the blood in the crab Carcinus maenas (L.) (Crustacea-Decapoda)]

When the crab Carcinus maenas respires in hypercapnic water, a respiratory acidosis occurs, which is progressively compensated by a rise of the blood bicarbonate concentration. The CO2 partial pressure in the blood increases in proportion to the change in ambient CO2 partial pressure. Therefore, the regulation of the acid-base status depends mainly on non-respiratory adjustments of the blood bicarbonate concentrations.     

Effect of splenectomy on the immune response in the lizard,Calotes versicolor

Zusammenfassung Nach Entfernung der Milz kann die EidechseCalotes versicolor nicht mehr gegen Immunizierung mit Schafserythrozyten reagieren. Wenn die Milz aber nur teilweise entfernt wird, ist noch eine völlig normale Reaktion vorhanden.     

Effect of splenectomy on the humoral immune response in the lizard,Scincus scincus

Summary Adult splenectomy in the lizard,Scincus scincus, did not affect humoral immune response to rat erythrocytes until 30 days post-immunization, but severely depressed subsequent antibody production.This work was supported by United States Public Health Research, grant No. 03-015-N.     

Effect of splenectomy on the humoral immune response in the lizard, Scincus scincus.

Adult splenectomy in the lizard, Scincus scincus, did not affect humoral immune response to rat erythrocytes until 30 days post-immunization, but severely depressed subsequent antibody production.     

Effect of the photoperiod on corpus allatum activity in vitro in the beetle,Pterostichus nigrita F

Summary In the carabid beetlePterostichus nigrita reproduction is controlled by photoperiods and the corpus allatum hormone. Corpora allata were incubated in vitro and the release of juvenile hormone was quantified. Short-day conditions induced low activity of the corpora allata; long days, after short-day treatment, stimulate high corpus allatum activity, while long days alone have no effect.     

Effect of 1 henobarbital on growth of a metastasising,allogeneic sarcoma in the rat

Résumé Chez des rats traités au phénobarbital (1.5 mg/kg par jour) on a trouvé une faible augmentation du nombre de colonies produites dans les poumons des rujets inoculés, par voie intraveineuse avec les cellules Y-P388 (un sarcome métastasisant, allogénique). Cet effet semble être dû aux propriétés immunosuppressives de la drogue Celles-ci cependant paraissent faibles, puisque le phénobarbital n'a pas stimulé l'accroissement d'une transplantation primaire de Y-P388 dans le muscle ni ses métastases aux nodules lymphoïdes et aux poumons.     

Effect of sexual activity on the adrenal gland in the northern palm squirrel,Funambulus pennanti wroughton

Zusammenfassung Die Nebennieren von geschlechtlich inaktiven männlichen und weiblichen Palmenhörnchen (Funambulus pennanti) sind von gleicher Grösse. Signifikante Grössenunterschiede zeigen sich in der Phase der sexuellen Aktivität. Es ergab sich, dass die cytologischen und gewichtsmässigen Veränderungen der Nebennieren von komplexen Faktoren abhängen: Gonadenaktivität, Lebensweise und Population.     

Effect of testosterone and 17-beta estradiol on limb regeneration in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens

Gonadectomy, or injections of testosterone or 17-beta estradiol, had no apparent effect on the rate of regeneration or histological appearance of limb regenerates in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Neither promotion, nor inhibition of limb regeneration was observed.     

Effect of hydrocortisone on the ultrastructure of the small,granule-containing cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the newborn rat

Zusammenfassung Hydrocortison-Injektionen führen bei neugeborenen Ratten zu einer Vermehrung der kleinen granulahaltigen Zellen im Ganglion cervicale craniale und zu einer Vermehrung der granulären Vesikeln im Zytoplasma dieser Zellen.

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University of Melbourne Senior Research Fellow September 1971–August 1972. Present address: Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger, Helsinki, Finland 00170.

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In receipt of a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

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Sunshine Foundation and Rowden White Overseas Research Fellow September 1971–August 1972. Present address: Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger, Helsinki, Finland 00170.